Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
-
[1]research packet 1096-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-active-yt112-pkt-1096-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, 'Active V (YT-112)' - acquisition, Third Naval District service, strike date (archived NHHC page; live URL returned 404 on 2026-10-05) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS service narrative and spec block; Wayback capture 2025-02-20 of NHHC page (live page 404 - standing NHHC link-rot defect)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull (DANFS 'Active V'): 'The fifth Active (YT-112) was acquired by the Navy from the United States Shipping Board on 20 April 1925 and placed in service at New York on 27 April 1925. The harbor tug spent her entire 21-year naval career serving the 3d Naval District from her base in New York harbor. She was placed out of service on 5 June 1946, and her name was struck from the Navy list on 19 June 1946.' DANFS adds that her fate is not known for certain but that her age and length of service suggest she was sold for scrap soon thereafter. Spec block: dp. 270; l. 101'4"; b. 24'0"; dr. (illegible in source text); s. 10 k.; cl. Active.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1925-1946
- Population
- 3d Naval District crew and harbor/navy-yard personnel (1925-1946)
- Limitations
- Service history only - the entry contains no builder, launch, propulsion, or post-Navy disposition data and no asbestos or material content. Draft figure in the spec block is garbled in the source ('H)'9"'); NavSource carries 12'2" and beam 24'7" vs DANFS 24'0" - see gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-active-yt112-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive, Active (YTM-112) ex Active (YT-112), archive 14/08112 (live page verified 2026-10-05) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 14/08112.htm chronology and specifications block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource service-ship archive for this hull: 'Built by Leathem D. Smith Shipbuilding, Sturgeon Bay, WI (USSB hull 2154)'; completed for the U.S. Shipping Board as tug Active (ON 218939) October 1919; transferred from USSB to Navy 20 April 1925; placed in service at New York as Active (YT-112) 27 April 1925; assigned to Third Naval District 1925-1946; redesignated District Harbor Tug, Medium (YTM-112) 13 April 1944; placed out of service 5 June 1946; struck from the Naval Register 19 June 1946; registered to Carroll Towing Co., New York, NY as tug Richard Carroll, 1948; final disposition dismantled 1957. Specs: 270 tons; 101'4" x 24'7" x 12'2"; 10 knots; propulsion 2-cylinder compound steam (18"/38" x 26"), 450 hp, single screw; complement and armament 'unknown.' Ribbons listed: American Defense Service Medal, American Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal. NOTE: the 'USSB hull 2154' figure conflicts with the authoritative McKellar/EFC compilation, which assigns this hull to EFC 2156 (2154 was sister Energy) - see ev-05.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1919-1957
- Population
- Crew (1925-46); Carroll Towing crews (1947-56); breakers at dismantling (1956-57)
- Limitations
- Volunteer secondary compilation - milestones track DANFS and McKellar; the 1944-04-13 YTM date is NavSource-specific (McKellar gives only '1944'); EFC hull number '2154' conflicts with McKellar's 2156 - carried as a documented conflict, not resolved silently. No asbestos or material content; no photographs of this hull exist on the page.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-active-yt112-02
-
[4]ShipScribe (Naval History & Shipbuilding, comp. from McKellar's USSB vessel register), 'EFC Harbor Tugs and Steel Barges' - Leathem & Smith contract block and hull-2156 row [other_primary]
- Locator
- HarborTugs.html, EFC Design 1086 section, Leathem & Smith contract table, hull 2156 row; stated sources: NARA RG 32 (USSB Ship Construction Division, 32.4.3), Merchant Vessels of the United States, USSB annual reports
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Authoritative WWI Emergency Fleet Corporation compilation (McKellar, built from NARA RG 32 USSB Ship Construction Division records, Merchant Vessels of the United States, and USSB reports): under LEATHEM & SMITH TOWING & WRECKING CO., STURGEON BAY, WI - 'Contract No. 378 of 27 Jul 1918 for 3 ships, EFC Hulls 2154-2156' - hull 2156 is 'ACTIVE, ord 27.7.1918, compl 29.9.1919 as O/N 218939. Still USSB 4.1924. To USN 1925 (20 Apr) as ACTIVE (YT 112), to YTM 112 1944, merc. RICHARD CARROLL, 1948. BU 1957.' Design-1086 contract sisters on the same contract: 2154 ENERGY (O/N 218785; later Niagara 1925, Capt. C. Mathiasen 1946, abandoned 1956) and 2155 DILIGENT (O/N 218940; to USN 2 May 1925 as Diligent YT-113). Design specification (EFC Design 1086, Murray Watts design): 177 gross tons; 101.3' oa, 94.8' pp x 24' x 11.9' aft; 1 compound (2-cylinder) engine, 1 Scotch boiler (155 psi), 450 ihp, 10 kts. Program context: the EFC ordered 100 wooden harbor tugs to Design 1086 from small yards (orders of 15 Jun, 11 Jul, and 22 Aug 1918); postwar cancellations left total EFC harbor-tug output at 8 steel and 59 wooden.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1918-1957
- Population
- Leathem & Smith yard workers, Sturgeon Bay (1918-19)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation of government construction and documentation records, not the record itself - but it is the reference-standard USSB/EFC vessel register, cites NARA RG 32 as source, and its row content (ON 218939; USN transfer 20 Apr 1925; YTM-112 1944; Richard Carroll 1948; BU 1957) is internally consistent with DANFS, NavSource, and the documented post-Navy record. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-active-yt112-03
-
[5]tugster: a waterblog (Will Van Dorp), 'Sixth Boro Fifth Dimension Search,' 2017-03-18 - Carroll Towing fleet photograph identification and vessel biography by William Lafferty from vessel documentation [reputable_press]
- Locator
- Post text, William Lafferty's identification and vessel-biography paragraph for the wooden Richard S. Carroll
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented post-Navy career and construction detail (maritime historian William Lafferty, from vessel documentation): the wooden tug was launched as Active on 4 January 1919 at the Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin yard of the Leathem & Smith Towing & Wrecking Company - 'one of a number of small yards on the Lakes and East Coast to buil[d] standardized 100-foot wooden tugs for the Emergency Fleet Corporation'; powered by a double-cylinder vertical compound steam engine built by Chicago's Marine Iron Works; operated for the U.S. Shipping Board in New York harbor until 1925, when transferred to the Navy as USS Active YT-112; decommissioned June 1946; bought by Carroll Towing on 21 July 1947 and renamed Richard S. Carroll; photographed in Carroll Towing colors docked in Greenpoint circa 1950-1955; dismantled at Staten Island in 1956 with final document surrendered at New York on 20 February 1957.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1919-1957
- Population
- Carroll Towing crews (1947-56); Staten Island dismantlers (1956)
- Limitations
- Historian-published vessel documentation quoted in a harbor-history blog - secondary in form but derived from the vessel's federal documentation record (launch date, engine builder, 1947 purchase date, 1956 dismantling, 1957 document surrender). Minor date granularity differences vs NavSource/McKellar ('registered 1948' vs 'bought 21 July 1947'; dismantled 1956 + document surrendered Feb 1957 vs 'BU 1957') - consistent events, both reported. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-active-yt112-04
-
[6]Correction checked against: ShipScribe/McKellar EFC register (hull 2156 row; Design 1086); NavSource 14/08112; tugster/Lafferty documented vessel record; conflicting sources: Wikipedia USS Active (YT-112) and USS Active (1888) pages; navalmarinearchive.com/sbh/smallships/yt1.html and .../shipyards/large/bay.html; shipbuildinghistory.com/merchantships/1tugs.htm (2154/'Later Kenmore' row) [other_primary]
- Locator
- McKellar hull-2156 row; NavSource chronology; Wikipedia infobox 'Builder'; navalmarinearchive yt1.html row 112 and bay.html rows; shipbuildinghistory 1tugs.htm EFC #2154 row
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION (two-layer): (a) Builder - Wikipedia's USS Active (YT-112) infobox and the navalmarinearchive.com pre-war yard-tug index carry builder 'Union Iron Works, San Francisco, California.' That was the builder of the THIRD Active - the 1888 Union Iron Works steel tug later designated YT-14/Lively - propagated onto the fifth Active (YT-112). The EFC contract record, NavSource, and the documented post-Navy record all agree on Leathem & Smith, Sturgeon Bay, WI, 1919, wood hull. The two hulls overlapped briefly in naval service (YT-14 decommissioned 1926) but are distinct vessels. (b) EFC hull number - NavSource carries 'USSB hull 2154' and the shipbuildinghistory.com tug table lists '2154 Active' with disposition 'Later Kenmore'; the McKellar/ShipScribe EFC register (sourced to NARA RG 32 and MVUS) assigns ACTIVE to hull 2156 (hull 2154 was contract sister ENERGY, O/N 218785, later Niagara - the probable origin of the 'Kenmore'/cross-mapped ON 218939 noise in the navalmarinearchive yard list). Hull number carried here is 2156; the 2154 variant is disclosed in gaps.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1918-1957
- Limitations
- Corrects circulating identity/builder/EFC-hull-number errors between three WWI-EFC tugs and the earlier USS Active; does not itself bear on materials or asbestos. The Wikipedia YT-112 article otherwise tracks the DANFS narrative.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-active-yt112-05
-
[7]Era inference built on: McKellar/EFC construction record (Design 1086, wood hull, Scotch boiler + compound steam plant); NavSource/DANFS service record (Third Naval District, New York, 1925-1946); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy asbestos-era documentation (see ev-07) [other_primary]
- Locator
- McKellar Design 1086 spec block; NavSource specifications block; DANFS service narrative
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era inference for this hull's plant and service period: a 1919-delivery steam harbor tug with a Scotch boiler and a compound steam engine, maintained through a 21-year Navy career (1925-1946) that includes the WWII-era peak of naval asbestos use. Era-standard asbestos applications aboard a steam auxiliary of this type and period were boiler insulation and steam-line lagging, valve and flange gaskets, machinery packing, and brake linings on winches/windlass. Because the hull is wood (EFC record), the hull fireproofing pathway documented on steel hulls does not apply. Her Third Naval District base was the New York Navy Yard industrial complex - a documented asbestos-intensive yard - but no availability, overhaul, or work-package record for this specific tug was located.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1919-1957
- Population
- Leathem & Smith construction trades (1918-19); Navy crew (1925-46); yard/base trades during any availabilities; 1956 dismantlers
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. A 1919 wood tug predates the heaviest asbestos-shipbuilding era, and her materials may have been renewed during 21 years of naval maintenance - nothing here is ship-proven.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-active-yt112-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked to automated fetch, HTTP 403, re-confirmed 2026-10-05; product-page description used)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire naval service era (1925-1946).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved this session (gao.gov HTTP 403).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-active-yt112-07
-
[9]Batch-9294 search ledger (this record): DANFS (archived); NavSource live; McKellar/EFC register; shipbuildinghistory EFC table; documented post-Navy vessel record; NVR; NavalCoverMuseum; NARA catalog API; CourtListener base queries; secondary web sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-active-yt112-01 through sl-uss-active-yt112-10
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed litigation naming USS Active (YT-112/YTM-112) was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener base queries all returned high-collision result sets with no qualifying hit (name-opinion count 942; name-docket 19,173; hull-opinion 148; hull-docket 10,781 - 'Active' and '112' collide on company names and docket numbers); the asbestos-qualified opinion variant '"USS Active" asbestos' returned count 0 - no asbestos opinion names this hull. The only 'asbestos aboard' material surfaced is law-firm marketing content (vessel listicle entries asserting asbestos without primary sourcing) - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 2026-10-05
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a steam tug in naval service 1925-1946 is era-consistent with asbestos-containing insulation products, and her dismantling (1956-57) predates modern ACM-handling records. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-active-yt112-08
-
[10]NARA Guide to Federal Records - RG 24 (deck logs), RG 181 (naval districts and shore establishments), RG 32 (USSB), RG 26/41 (vessel documentation); catalog.archives.gov API name search [other_primary]
- Locator
- RG 181 guide page; catalog API query returned empty for 'Active YT-112'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - research-room or reproduction-order material): NARA RG 24 deck logs for district craft (1925-46) would document daily duty and any yard availabilities; RG 181 (Third Naval District / New York Navy Yard records) may hold repair, boiler-inspection, and work-order files for this tug; RG 32 (USSB, incl. Ship Construction Division 32.4.3 - the cited source of the McKellar register) holds the EFC 2156 contract file; merchant-vessel enrollment/licensing documents for ON 218939 (Coast Guard/Customs record groups) document the USSB and Carroll Towing careers including the 1947 sale and 1957 document surrender. NARA catalog API search for this hull returned no digitized record.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1919-1957 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-relevant documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-active-yt112-09