Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
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[1]DANFS, 'Adhara (AK-71)', Naval History and Heritage Command (published 2016-08-30), retrieved via Wayback Machine capture 2019-08-25 [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Service-narrative paragraphs 2-5 and closing lines
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS service narrative: sailed San Francisco 1942-11-27 for the South Pacific; eight months with Service Squadron (ServRon) 8 transporting cargo and passengers between Tutuila (Samoa), Efate, Espiritu Santo, Guadalcanal, Tulagi, Noumea, and Wellington (NZ). At Guadalcanal 1943-04-07 subjected to a Japanese air attack - five bombs exploded close aboard and punctured her hull in three places; jury patching at Espiritu Santo, then steamed to Australia for repairs; after drydock at Wellington proceeded to the U.S. west coast, entering Mare Island Navy Yard 1943-07-10; sailed 1943-09-06 for the South Pacific and rejoined ServRon 8 - Treasury Islands, Russell Islands, Emirau, Green Islands, and ports in New Guinea, New Hebrides, New Georgia, the Admiralty Islands, Guam, Tinian, Saipan, and Eniwetok; served at Okinawa 8-27 May 1945 during the fighting for that island. Post-war: arrived Seattle 1945-08-30, in availability through 09-27; east coast via Norfolk Naval Shipyard (naval equipment removed); Baltimore 1945-11-21; decommissioned 1945-12-07; returned to the Maritime Commission, entering the WSA Reserve Fleet berthing area at Lee Hall, Va., at 1500 on 1945-12-11; stricken from the Navy Register 1946-01-03; resumed former name G. H. Corliss; sold for scrap 1971-10-26 to Hierros Ardes, S.A. (Spanish firm), delivery 1971-11-23; awarded two battle stars for WWII service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- 1942-1971
- Population
- Ship's crew during air attack, repair periods, and Okinawa service
- Limitations
- Operational and custody events only - establishes the 1943 battle-damage repair chain (Espiritu Santo, Australia, Wellington drydock, Mare Island Navy Yard Jul-Sep 1943), the 1945 naval-equipment removal at Norfolk Naval Shipyard, 26-year reserve-fleet layup, and 1971 Spanish scrapping as events; none is described at material level, so no asbestos scope can be drawn from this source. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-adhara-ak71-02
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[2]ShipScribe, U.S. Navy Auxiliary Ships, Crater (AK-70) class page (S. Roberts compilation of official auxiliary data) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Class header block; Construction and Disposition tables; Class Notes; Ship Notes (MC 425 line); Armaments section (AK-71 nonstandard fit)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- ShipScribe (Stephen S. Roberts) auxiliary-data compilation, Crater (AK-70) class page: design MC EC2-S-C1 ('Liberty Ship'); 4,023 light / 14,550 limiting tons; 441.5' oa x 56.9' x 28.3' lim; standard original armament 1-5"/38, 1-3"/50, 8-20mm; complement 133 (1944), class range 133-207; 12.5 kts; 2,500 HP vertical triple-expansion, 1 screw. ADHARA row: acquired 1942-11-06; builder Permanente Metals #2; keel 1942-09-16; launch 1942-10-27; commissioned 1942-11-16; decommissioned 1945-12-07; struck 1946-01-03; disposal 1945-12-11 (MC/R); MA sale 1971-10-26. Ship note (MC hull 425): 'Ex merc. G.H. CORLISS. Converted by Matson Co., San Francisco. To NDRF 1945 as merc. G.H. CORLISS. To buyer 23 Nov 71.' Armaments note: AK-71 completed with nonstandard fit 1-5"/51 + 9-20mm (a ninth 20mm on the bow in place of the usual 3"/50), upgraded to the standard 5"/38 armament in July-August 1943 - coincident with the Mare Island availability. Class note: AK 70-79 were acquired on a ComSoPacFor urgent request for ten EC2 hulls 'given a minimum conversion, and manned by Navy crews.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- 1942-1971
- Limitations
- Compiled transcription of official Navy auxiliary records, not the underlying documents. Complement 133 is a class-range 1944 figure, not an AK-71 crew count; DANFS publishes 198 - both recorded, logged in correction row. 'Minimum conversion' describes scope qualitatively; no conversion material schedule. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-adhara-ak71-03
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[3]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - G. H. CORLISS, Ship History Detail 1778 (incl. status cards 1778_3287AF, 1778_3287AB, 2LN_01) and ADHARA (AK-71) Detail 12534 [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- Detail 1778 characteristics block, milestone table, and status-card scans (items 1, 6-8, 12, 15, 17, 19-22); Detail 12534 name-history link
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- MARAD ShipHistory database - ADHARA (AK-71) Detail 12534 and G. H. CORLISS Detail 1778, incl. three digitized status cards: G. H. CORLISS, U.S. Official No. 242488, EC2-S-C1, built by Permanente Metals Corp. at Richmond, completed 1942-11-06; 'Basis to W.S.A. 11-6-42 4:00PM PWT @ Richmond'; allocated to Navy Dept. (annotated 'now Adhara AK-71') under bareboat (BB) agreement at Richmond the same hour; WSA Reserve Fleet at Lee Hall, Va., 1945-12-11 3:00PM EST (renamed G. H. CORLISS); sold to Hierros Ardes S.A., Spain (Scrap) at James River 1971-10-26; physical delivery 1971-11-23 12:25pm EST. Card data: DWT 10,844 (fleet card 10,500); 7,176 gross / 4,380 net (fleet card 7,181/4,384); bale 499,573 / grain 562,608 cu. ft.; 2,500 IHP; '2 WTB' (two water-tube boilers); fleet 'JR' pier 3; 1,158 bbls Bunker C fuel oil at fleet entry; 'Damage repair over $100,000 per Mar AD - Navy Planning Group Sept. 23, 1953'; termination port last voyage Norfolk. MARAD milestones: Entry 1945-12-11; Acquisition 1945-12-11; Disposition 1971-11-23; Withdrawal 1971-11-23. Fate: Sold - Scrap.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- 1942-1971
- Limitations
- Authoritative for government custody milestones; status-card handwriting partially legible (some berthing-position pencil notes only partly resolved). Confirms direct bareboat allocation to the Navy on completion - no WSA operating-agent line (see correction row re: J.H. Winchester claim). The 1953 'damage repair over $100,000' annotation's relationship to the 1943 battle damage is unresolved. Contains no asbestos, materials, or condition-survey information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-adhara-ak71-04
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[4]hazegray.org DANFS transcription ak71.htm (retrieved via search-index extract; direct fetch failed); NavalCoverMuseum wiki ADHARA AK 71; NHHC DANFS via Wayback (ev-01/02); MARAD status card 2LN_01 (ev-04); ShipScribe class block (ev-03); NavSource 09/13/130071 (secondary, lead only) [other_primary]
- Locator
- hazegray transcription text; navalcovermuseum.org/wiki/ADHARA_AK_71; status-card allocation table; DANFS spec line; ShipScribe complement line
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Source discrepancies reconciled: (a) decommissioning date - 1945-12-07 in NHHC DANFS (2016), ShipScribe, and NavSource; '3 December 1945' in the hazegray DANFS transcription and NavalCoverMuseum (which also carry OCR-grade errors: 'Perinanente,' 'Carliss,' 'decominissioned') - 7 Dec adopted. (b) WSA operating agent - secondary compilations (Wikipedia infobox) list operator 'J.H. Winchester & Co., Inc.'; the WSA status card shows delivery to WSA at Richmond and allocation to Navy Dept. under bareboat the same hour with no operating-agent line - the Winchester assignment treated as unverified, not carried in operator field. (c) complement - 198 (DANFS spec line) vs 133 (ShipScribe class block, 1944; class range 133-207) - both recorded, not merged. (d) call sign - NXUS (NavSource) vs KHUT (Wikipedia infobox) - unresolved, not carried.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- 1942-1971
- Limitations
- Resolves publication-level discrepancies in transcriptions and secondary framings; does not affect identity or custody timeline materially. hazegray page content verified via search-index extract - direct fetch repeatedly failed from this machine; the underlying DANFS text was independently obtained from the NHHC Wayback capture. No asbestos content in any of these sources.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-adhara-ak71-05
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[5]NARA, Vessel and Station Log Books - Special List 44 (Named Vessels) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Named-vessels table, row 'Adhara (AK-71) 11/16/1942-12/7/1945'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival lead (not retrieved - finding-aid level only): NARA Special List 44 - Named Vessels lists deck-log coverage for 'Adhara (AK-71) 11/16/1942-12/7/1945,' spanning the entire commissioned career including the April 1943 battle-damage repair chain and the July-September 1943 Mare Island availability - the likeliest primary source for repair/refit material scope. Related unverified leads: NARA RG 178 (US Maritime Commission Construction Division) may hold MC hull 425 construction/outfitting records; Matson Co. conversion records, if any survive, were not located.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- 1942-1945 records
- Limitations
- Verifies log-series coverage, not log contents; no box-level retrieval performed and no spend authorized. Existence of asbestos-specific documents in these series is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-adhara-ak71-06
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[6]U.S. Maritime Commission, Instruction Manual for Operating and Maintaining 2500 H.P. Triple Expansion Marine Steam Engines, EC2-S-C1 Cargo Vessels (mirrored excerpt) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Mirrored excerpt, engine-cylinder insulation section
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- The U.S. Maritime Commission instruction manual for the EC2-S-C1 plant - the design this vessel was built to (DANFS type field 'EC2-S-C1'; ShipScribe design field 'MC EC2-S-C1') - describes cylinder insulation of magnesia under sheet-iron lagging; insulation products of this era were commonly manufactured with asbestos fiber, and period steam-system gaskets, packing, and insulation felts commonly contained asbestos. Liberty ships were built to emergency USMC specifications during the period when the federal government had reserved asbestos supply for shipbuilding. Typical applications for the type: boiler and steam-drum insulation; steam-line lagging between boiler room and engine room; valve and flange gaskets; machinery packing; insulation in accommodation spaces and around the galley; brake linings on winches and windlass.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- 1942
- Population
- Construction trades (Permanente Metals Yard No. 2, Richmond, 1942); Navy engine-room crew; conversion workers (Matson Co., San Francisco)
- Limitations
- Class/design documentation, not a hull record - the manual names the type, not this vessel, and does not itself state 'asbestos' content (magnesia lagging of the era was typically asbestos-fiber-reinforced, but the manual text is silent on fiber). Asbestos presence aboard this hull is design/era inference, not ship-proven. Does not establish quantity, present-day presence, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-adhara-ak71-07
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[7]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and emergency program under which this EC2-S-C1 hull was built (Permanente Metals Yard No. 2, Richmond, 1942) - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization aboard merchant-type hulls.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (era context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel, the EC2-S-C1 type, or the Permanente/Kaiser Richmond yard and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-adhara-ak71-08
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[8]Batch-946 search ledger (this record): DANFS via Wayback; hazegray; ShipScribe; MARAD ShipHistory 12534/1778 + status cards; NARA Special List 44; bounded court-domain and .gov-domain web searches; CourtListener (throttled); secondary compilations (NavSource, Wikipedia, NavalCoverMuseum) as leads only [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-adhara-ak71-01 through sl-uss-adhara-ak71-12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming Adhara (AK-71) or G. H. Corliss (MC hull 425 / O.N. 242488) was found in the public sources searched - NHHC DANFS (via Wayback capture), hazegray transcription, ShipScribe class data, MARAD ShipHistory including three status-card scans, NARA Special List 44, a bounded court-domain web search, and a .gov-domain asbestos query. The authenticated CourtListener API sweep (exact name + hull number) was throttled at the daily quota and deferred - no litigation conclusion asserted. Law-firm/marketing pages naming the ship (asbestos-ships.com, duboselawfirm.com, freeasbestostesting.com) are banned-source exclusions, not evidence.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- 2026-09-21
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1942 EC2-S-C1 hull is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials, and this hull's repair events, 26-year reserve-fleet layup, and 1971 Spanish scrapping are undocumented disturbance/disposal pathways. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-adhara-ak71-09
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[9]DANFS, 'Adhara (AK-71)', Naval History and Heritage Command (published 2016-08-30), retrieved via Wayback Machine capture 2019-08-25 [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Specification line and first paragraph; canonical URL history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/a/adhara.html returned HTTP 404 on 2026-09-21
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS (NHHC, published 2016-08-30) identifies Adhara (AK-71): namesake a star in Canis Major; spec line - displacement 14,550, length 441'6", beam 56'11", draft 28'4", speed 12.5 knots, complement 198, armament 1 5-inch / 1 3-inch / 8 20-millimeter, class Crater, type EC2-S-C1. G. H. Corliss laid down under Maritime Commission contract (M.C.E. Hull 425) 1942-09-16 at Richmond, Calif., by Permanente Metals Corp.; launched 1942-10-27, sponsored by Miss Ginny Simms (lead vocalist for Kay Kyser's orchestra); acquired by the Navy upon completion 1942-11-06; renamed Adhara (AK-71); commissioned 1942-11-16, Cmdr. William W. Ball, USNR, in command.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- 1942
- Limitations
- Canonical NHHC URL returned 404 on 2026-09-21 (standing link-rot pattern noted in Batch-01 report); the 2019-08-25 Wayback capture of the official page is cited instead. Establishes identity, construction, and published specs only - no asbestos or machinery-material information. Complement 198 conflicts with the ShipScribe class figure of 133 (1944) - carried separately, logged in correction row.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-adhara-ak71-01