Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
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[1]DANFS, 'Affray I (AMc-112)' entry, Naval History and Heritage Command (published 2015-06-11; canonical NHHC URL retrieved verbatim via Internet Archive Wayback capture 20220603131534) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Full entry text + spec block, affray-amc-112-i.html, Wayback capture 2022-06-03
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS spec line: '(AMc-112: dp. 205; l. 89'6"; b. 24'4"; dr. 10'9"; s. 10.0 k.; cpl. 17; a. 2 .50-cal. mg.; cl. Acme)'. DANFS text: 'The first Affray (AMc-112), a wooden-hulled, coastal minesweeper built in 1941 at Tacoma, Wash., by the Tacoma Boat Building Co., was acquired by the Navy late in 1941 and was placed in service on 2 December 1941, Lt. R. I. Thieme, USNR, in command. Though she may have performed some duty at Seattle initially, Affray spent the bulk of her active career at Kodiak, Alaska. Her war diary does not begin until 1 July 1942, and, by that time, the warship was already at Kodiak conducting sweeps for mines and making other patrols on a daily basis. She remained so occupied throughout World War II. Affray returned to Seattle in mid-October of 1945 and began preparations for inactivation. She was placed out of service on 10 December 1945, and her name was struck from the Navy list on 3 January 1946. On 23 March 1946, she was sold back to her former owners.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1941-1946
- Population
- Ship's company (~17) at Seattle and Kodiak, 1941-1945
- Limitations
- Primary Navy historical entry - authoritative for identity, service narrative, and disposal milestones. Records no laid-down or launched dates for this hull. Contains no asbestos, insulation, or materials information; supports no asbestos claim. Live NHHC URL 404s at research time (standing link rot, cf. BATCH-01); the Wayback capture is the verbatim NHHC text.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-affray-amc112-01
-
[2]NavSource Online Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive, 'Affray (AMc 112)' page, file 11/03112 (milestones, spec block, propulsion, post-Navy commercial trail; one 4 June 1942 photo held) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Milestones list + Specifications block, navsource.org/archives/11/03112.htm
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource corroborates DANFS dates and adds: propulsion - one 275 bhp Atlas 6HM-1558 diesel engine, one shaft; call sign Nan-Able-Xray-Easy; and a documented commercial trail - 'Transferred to the War Shipping Administration 23 March 1946 and sold back to her former owner, Haldor Dahl of Tacoma, WA. Acquired in 1947 by Andrew K. Anderson of Kingston, WA for use as a fishing boat and renamed North Queen. Acquired in 1950 by Andrew Xitco of Tacoma, WA. Acquired in 1963 by North Queen Fishing, Inc. of Dartmouth, MA. Acquired in 1972 by Atlantic Queen, Inc. of Port Clyde, ME. Fate unknown.' Spec block: displacement 205 t; length 89'; beam 24'4"; draft 10'9"; speed 10 kts; complement 17; armament two .50 cal. machine guns. Page header labels her 'Acme Class Coastal Minesweeper'.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1941-1972
- Population
- Merchant fishing crews aboard North Queen, 1946-1972+ (undocumented for asbestos)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a reputable volunteer-maintained photo/specification archive, not an official Navy publication; consistent with DANFS on all shared points. The commercial-career milestones are uncited on the page and are carried as the best available trail, not primary documentation. Length given as 89' vs DANFS 89'6" - minor measure variance logged. No asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-affray-amc112-02
-
[3]HyperWar 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945' (ibiblio transcription), Minecraft/AMc Coastal Minesweepers - 'Converted Vessel Class' block and AMc-112 table row [other_primary]
- Locator
- ships-dm.html 'AMc -- Coastal Minesweepers / Converted Vessel Class' spec block and 'AMc-112 Affray 1941' table row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Navy register-derived table places AMc-112 (Affray) in the 'Converted Vessel Class' block - NOT the standardized 97-ft Accentor/Acme design family: 'Converted Vessel Class - Displacement 165-270 tons; Length 76'7"-136'; Beam 19'4"-24'; Draft 8'-11'; Speed 8.5-14 knots; Armament 1 3"/50, 1 20mm., 2 .30cal. machine guns, or none; Complement 15-47; Diesel engine, 400 h.p. Converted from commercial fishermen (except 203 and 204): mostly draggers and purse seiners, largely tuna clippers from west coast ports.' The AMc-112 row reads 'AMc-112 Affray 1941' with NO 'ex-' fishing-vessel name, unlike every other converted hull in the block (Agile AMc-111 adjacent, later IX-203). Affray's documented figures (205 t, 89'6", cpl. 17, two .50-cal. mg.) sit inside this class envelope.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1941-1945
- Population
- Crews of the converted-vessel coastal minesweeper type (class context)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation of official Navy register data hosted on ibiblio/HyperWar; class-table placement, not a hull record. The absence of an 'ex-' name on Affray's row suggests she was requisitioned before or without documented commercial service under a fishing name - consistent with 'sold back to her former owners' - but this is unverified (logged in gaps). Conflicts with DANFS 'cl. Acme' and NavSource 'Acme Class' labels - logged in the correction row and gaps. No asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-affray-amc112-03
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[4]NARA, Special List #44 (by ship number), index to U.S. Navy deck logs 1801-1947 held in the National Archives - 'AMC-112 (Affray) 12/2/1941 1/15/1943' entry [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf, AMC block, 'AMC-112 (Affray) 12/2/1941 1/15/1943' row; digitized-logs listing at archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy-online (MSO-511 only)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Special List #44 indexes this hull's deck logs in the National Archives deck-log collection: 'AMC-112 (Affray), 12/2/1941 - 1/15/1943' - one date range covering the in-service period from placement in service (2 December 1941) through mid-January 1943. Deck logs contain daily remarks sheets recording operations, repairs, personnel changes, and material events that could bear on refit/materials history. Logs for January 1943 through the 10 December 1945 out-of-service date - including nearly three years at Kodiak and the Seattle inactivation - are NOT indexed in SL-44 for this hull. Separately, the NARA 'Navy Deck Logs Available in the National Archives Catalog' page lists digitized logs only for 'Affray (MSO-511)' years 1961-1970 - the later namesake vessel, a name collision.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1941-1943 (indexed coverage)
- Limitations
- Index-level finding only - the logs were not retrieved (no paid reproduction authorized) and their contents are unknown. Absence of the January 1943-December 1945 period from the index may reflect a separate accession or non-transfer; unverified. The task note's 'deck-log holdings (1941-1945)' overstates the indexed span. Deck logs and the war diary DANFS cites are different record series (logs in RG 24; war diaries in RG 38). SL-44 indexes physical holdings, not digitization status. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-affray-amc112-04
-
[5]ShipbuildingHistory (T. Colton), Tacoma Boatbuilding Company yard page and vessel-delivery table, via Naval Marine Archive mirror (updated 2020-10-15) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Tacoma yard history paragraph + delivery table (no AMc-112/Affray/Dahl row present)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Yard history: Tacoma Boatbuilding Company was established in 1926 and built many boats in WWII (fishing vessels, YMS minesweepers, and other small combatants at the Tacoma yard); it grew in the 1970s-80s, filed Chapter 11 in 1985, emerged 1986, closed 1992, and the 1840 Marine View Drive facility was liquidated in 1998. The delivery table lists the yard's documented commercial fishing-boat output (1937-1942) and Navy YMS contracts but carries NO row for Affray/AMc-112 or a Haldor Dahl hull - her build record is not itemized in this table.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1926-1998 (yard); 1941 (build)
- Population
- Construction trades at Tacoma Boat Building, Tacoma WA, 1941
- Limitations
- Secondary compiled yard history and delivery table. Establishes the builder's identity and operating period only; the absence of an Affray row means her exact build dates, hull number, and any documented fishing-vessel name/official number are unlocated in this source (logged in gaps). No asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-affray-amc112-05
-
[6]HyperWar 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945' Converted Vessel Class specification block (design characterization) with NavSource propulsion detail for this hull [other_primary]
- Locator
- ships-dm.html Converted Vessel Class spec block; navsource.org/archives/11/03112.htm propulsion line
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Design-level assessment of the asbestos-relevant profile: this hull was a wooden commercial fishing vessel (west-coast tuna-clipper type) requisitioned and converted to a coastal minesweeper, carrying a single ~275-400 bhp diesel on one shaft - no boilers, no steam distribution system, no turbines, and not built to naval insulation specifications. The principal asbestos vectors documented aboard steam-era naval vessels - boiler and steam-drum lagging, steam-line insulation, turbine and condenser insulation - are absent by design in this type, and the naval-specification insulation build does not apply to a converted commercial hull. Residual era-typical applications remain plausible (diesel exhaust and muffler insulation, engine gaskets and packing, electrical insulation, joiner materials, brake linings on winch/windlass gear) but no product, location, or quantity is documented for this hull.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1941-1945
- Population
- Ship's company (~17); construction trades at Tacoma Boat Building, 1941; conversion-yard workforce (unlocated)
- Limitations
- Class/design inference, not a ship-specific finding: the absence of a steam plant and of naval-spec construction removes the dominant asbestos vectors but does not prove the absence of asbestos aboard - WWII-era gaskets, packing, electrical components, and interior materials could still contain asbestos, and the Navy conversion added sweep gear and armament whose fit-out is undocumented. Nothing in the cited sources names an asbestos product installed on this hull. Does not establish presence, absence, exposure, or causation for any individual.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-affray-amc112-06
-
[7]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era under which this wooden coastal minesweeper was built and converted in 1941 - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in ship construction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (era context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel, its class, or its builder and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation. Its ship-construction framing applies with reduced force to a converted commercial fishing hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-affray-amc112-07
-
[8]Kennedy v. Saberhagen Holdings, Inc., 182 Wn. App. 1031 (Wash. Ct. App. Div. II, July 22, 2014) (unpublished, 2014 WL 3611327) - appellate opinion and party briefs via courts.wa.gov petition file No. 90792-7 [court_record]
- Locator
- courts.wa.gov petition file 90792-7 (COA briefs; opinion text quoted therein); table cite 182 Wn. App. 1031; WL 2014 WL 3611327; Legal Newsline report of the July 22, 2014 opinion; Leagle 340 P.3d index listing for the 2015 Supreme Court disposition
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Washington appellate litigation documents asbestos operations at the builder yard two decades after this hull was built: plaintiffs alleged, and the Court of Appeals held sufficient to reach a jury, that Tacoma Asbestos (predecessor of Saberhagen Holdings) was the exclusive asbestos insulation contractor and supplier to Tacoma Boat Building, and that Tacoma Boat conducted asbestos insulation work at Pier 23 on the Tacoma waterfront in the 1960s - including a ~45-day overhaul of the FMS-789 involving tear-out and replacement of asbestos pipe insulation. Plaintiff Kennedy, a Washington Army National Guard employee at Pier 23 1964-1968, developed mesothelioma. Disposition chain: Pierce County Superior Court granted defense summary judgment (Aug 2012); Court of Appeals Division II reversed and remanded, holding the circumstantial exposure evidence sufficient for a jury (unpublished, July 22, 2014); review petitioned to the Washington Supreme Court (No. 90792-7), with a 2015 Supreme Court Department II disposition reported in the 340 P.3d volume.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1964-1968 events; litigation 2012-2015
- Population
- Tacoma waterfront workers at Pier 23, 1964-1968 (Kennedy, a mesothelioma plaintiff)
- Limitations
- Yard-level litigation context only - this is a summary-judgment-sufficiency reversal, NOT a merits finding that exposure occurred, and the documented events are 1960s Tacoma Boat work at Pier 23, not the 1941 construction of this hull. Establishes the builder yard as a litigated asbestos site in the 1960s; says nothing about whether asbestos was aboard or used on Affray in 1941, and nothing about any individual's exposure aboard this hull. The COA opinion is unpublished (not citable as precedent); Supreme Court disposition located only at reporter-index level.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-affray-amc112-08
-
[9]Source-conflict reconciliation across DANFS, NavSource, HyperWar register tables, shipbuildinghistory, and secondary references (Wikipedia, NavalCoverMuseum, uboat.net index) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS spec line and entry text; navsource.org/archives/11/03112.htm header and spec table; ibiblio.org/hyperwar ships-dm.html Converted Vessel Class block; navsource.org/archives/11/02511.htm (MSO-511); en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Affray; sl-44-ship-number.pdf
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Naming and classification conflicts resolved or logged: (a) Name disambiguation - TWO Navy hulls bore the name Affray: this coastal minesweeper (AMc-112, 1941-1945) and the later USS Affray (AM-511/MSO-511), an Acme-class ocean minesweeper laid down 1955 at Frank L. Sample Jr. Inc., Boothbay Harbor ME, commissioned 1958-12-08, decommissioned 1992, scrapped 2000 - the later ship dominates 'USS Affray' search results, asbestos-marketing ship lists, and the NARA digitized deck-log catalog (1961-1970); any 'Affray' reference without a hull number is ambiguous. (b) Class naming - DANFS assigns this hull 'cl. Acme', NavSource headers her 'Acme Class Coastal Minesweeper', Wikipedia calls her 'Accentor-class', but the Navy register-derived table places AMc-112 in the 'Converted Vessel Class' of requisitioned fishing boats - the register characterization (requisitioned fishing vessel, tuna-clipper type) is adopted as controlling for design purposes since it is consistent with her documented construction for a private owner and her sale back to that owner. (c) Length - DANFS 89'6" vs NavSource spec table 89' - minor measure variance, unresolved. (d) NARA coverage - SL-44 indexes 12/2/1941-1/15/1943 only; the assignment's '1941-1945' framing overstates indexed holdings.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1941-2000 records
- Limitations
- Documents publication-level discrepancies so the record is auditable; does not alter identity or the service timeline. The class-label conflict is real but immaterial to asbestos assessment (both framings agree she was a small wooden diesel vessel). None of the conflicting figures bear on asbestos documentation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-affray-amc112-09
-
[10]Batch-1467 search ledger (this record): DANFS via Wayback; NavSource 03112; HyperWar Navy register tables; shipbuildinghistory Tacoma yard table; NARA SL-44 + digitized-logs page; NVR; MARAD; CourtListener; VA BVA index; general web asbestos queries [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-affray-amc112-01 through sl-uss-affray-amc112-15
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified docketed case naming USS Affray (AMc-112) was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The vessel does not appear in the Naval Vessel Register (NVR excludes vessels disposed of before 1987). All law-firm/marketing asbestos ship-list hits for 'USS Affray' name the LATER Affray (AM-511/MSO-511), a different vessel - name collisions classified, not evidence for this hull. VA Board of Veterans' Appeals hits for 'affray' are common-noun uses (a fight/altercation), not the vessel. The CourtListener API check could not be executed - authenticated daily quota (2800/day) exhausted at research time - so the litigation surface is incompletely searched.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 2026-09-22
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - WWII-era construction practices leave residual uncertainty for gaskets, packing, electrical and engine-adjacent insulation even in a wooden diesel vessel. The litigation check is incomplete because CourtListener was throttled (2800/day shared quota exhausted); re-run is a documented gap. Does not establish presence, absence, exposure, causation, or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-affray-amc112-10
-
[11]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 24 (Bureau of Naval Personnel - deck logs), RG 38 (Chief of Naval Operations - WWII war diaries), RG 19 (Bureau of Ships), RG 248 (War Shipping Administration); NARA SL-44 deck-log index for this hull [other_primary]
- Locator
- https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/024.html ; /groups/038.html ; /groups/019.html ; /groups/248.html ; sl-44-ship-number.pdf 'AMC-112 (Affray)' row
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - requires research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): Navy deck logs for USS Affray 12/1941-1/1943 (SL-44 indexed, RG 24); her WWII war diary (begins 1 July 1942 per DANFS - RG 38 war-diary series, distinct from deck logs and the likeliest primary narrative of the Kodiak service period); BuShips conversion/outfitting records for requisitioned AMc fishing vessels (RG 19 - could hold conversion-yard and materials specs); the War Shipping Administration disposal file for the 23 March 1946 sale back to Haldor Dahl (RG 248 - the likeliest disposal-era custody document); U.S. Coast Guard merchant-vessel documentation files for the North Queen fishing career (official number unlocated - would anchor the 1946-1972 commercial trail now resting on NavSource alone); and Pierce County Superior Court case file for Kennedy v. Saberhagen Holdings (Tacoma Boat asbestos records at issue).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1941-1972 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. The AMc conversion-contract file location (RG 19 vs naval-district records) is a best-guess mapping. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-affray-amc112-11