Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
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[1]U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office, 'World War II Coast Guard-Manned U.S. Army Freight and Supply Ship Histories' (media.defense.gov PDF; retrieved via Wayback capture 20171012044337 - live URL returns 403 to automated fetch) [other_primary]
- Locator
- FS-276 vessel entry (p. ~21 of 44-page PDF); JCS agreement and Design-range statement in introductory section
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official Coast Guard historian compilation names this hull verbatim: 'The Coast Guard-manned Army vessel FS-276 was commissioned at New York, 13 November 1944 and LT Antonio N.S. Santa Cruz became her first commanding officer on 5 December 1944, as she departed New York for the Southwest Pacific where she operated during the war.' The document records the 14 March 1944 JCS agreement under which the Coast Guard manned 288 Army craft, and places FS-276 in the Design 381 group (all FS other than FS-34 and FS 140-234).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- U.S. Coast Guard crew of FS-276 (1944-1945 era)
- Limitations
- Establishes wartime commissioning date, first commanding officer, Coast Guard manning, and Southwest Pacific assignment for this hull. Contains no asbestos, materials, condition, or exposure information; supports no asbestos claim. Live defense.gov URL blocked automated retrieval; content verified via Wayback capture of the identical PDF (44 pp.).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-akl-22-akl22-01
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[2]shipscribe.com (Stephen S. Roberts), 'AKL 17 (T-AKL 17, FS Design 381 Part 2) Class' - construction table, disposition table, class notes, and per-vessel ship note for T-AKL 22 [other_primary]
- Locator
- AKL15.html construction table row 22, disposition table row 22, ship-note paragraph for T-AKL 22; class header spec lines; class notes para. on AKL 18-32 approval of 7 Jun 1950
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Register compilation names this hull across all three tables and the class notes: T-AKL 22 ex-FS 276, built by Wheeler SB, Brooklyn under contract dated 24 April 1943, completed 9 November 1944; in Army storage in Japan August 1949; acquired and placed in MSTS service 1 July 1950 (T designation) - one of the AKL 18-32 group of Army ships in Far East commands whose names, classification, and hull numbers were approved 7 June 1950; in USN reserve 1952-61 (inactive May 1953); struck 1 July 1961; on Navy sale list July 1961; disposed by Navy sale 19 June 1962, sold to Peter Pan Seafoods, Inc., of Seattle, delivered to buyer 29 June 1962; recorded as Kuwaiti shrimp-processing ship DASMAN 10, 1963. Class data: Design 381 steel 176' type, 500 light / 935 full tons, 177' oa x 32', 12 kts, geared diesel 2 screws, 1,000 hp.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1944-1963
- Population
- Army Transportation Corps/USCG crew (1944-50); MSTS civilian mariners (1950-c.1952/53); commercial crews (1962+)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation of official register sources (Naval Vessel Register data, CNO correspondence, Miramar Ship Index) - authoritative for identity and milestones but not itself a primary document. No asbestos or materials information; supports no asbestos claim. The ship note's 'in USN reserve 1952-61' and the table's 'Inact May 1953' leave the exact reserve-entry month unresolved (both carried).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-akl-22-akl22-02
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[3]shipbuildinghistory.com (T. Colton compilation, njscuba mirror), Wheeler Shipbuilding Whitestone NY yard table - hull no. 90, FS-276 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Wheeler Whitestone table, hull 90 row (FS-276); contrast hull 70 row (FS-256, delivered 16-Jun-44)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Builder's-yard table identifies the hull as Wheeler Whitestone yard hull no. 90, FS-276, U.S. Army coastal freighter, 560 tons, 176 ft, delivered 13 November 1944, USCG-manned; updated table carries the postwar chain (Army storage in Japan Aug 1949; USN reserve 1952-61; sale list Jul 1961; sold to Peter Pan Seafoods, delivered to buyer 29 Jun 1962; Kuwaiti shrimp-processing ship DASMAN 10, 1963). The 13-Nov-44 delivery date coincides with the USCG commissioning date and sits 4 days after shipscribe's 9-Nov-44 completion - internally consistent; the original table's parallel note attaching 'to USN 1950 as AKL 22' to the FS-256 row (hull 70, delivered 16-Jun-44) is a row misattribution corrected by the mirror update.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- Wheeler Whitestone construction trades (1944)
- Limitations
- Yard-production compiler, not a primary build record; its strength is the yard hull number and delivery date. Contains no asbestos or materials information; supports no asbestos claim. The FS-256/FS-276 row misattribution in the original table is why NavSource's 'delivered 16 June 1944' for FS-276 is treated as the outlier (see correction row ev-04).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-akl-22-akl22-03
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[4]NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive - USNS T-AKL-22 ex USAV FS-276 page (compiled service record) [other_primary]
- Locator
- navsource.net/archives/09/14/1422.htm - vessel header, service timeline, awards line, specifications block, 'no DANFS history' notice
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource corroborates the hull chain: laid down 1944 for the U.S. Army as FS-276 (design 381) at Wheeler Shipbuilding Brooklyn, N.Y.; launched 1944; USCG-manned USAV FS-276 commissioned 13 November 1944 at New York, LT Antonio N.S. Santa Cruz USCGR in command; departed New York 5 December 1944 for the Southwest Pacific; decommissioned 1 July 1950 and turned over to Navy MSTS as USNS T-AKL-22; struck from the Naval Register in 1961. The page carries awards consistent with WWII service (American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, WWII Victory Medal), states explicitly that no DANFS history exists for this hull, and its header confirms USNS (not USS) status. One datum is rejected: 'Delivered to the US Army Quartermasters Corp, 16 June 1944' conflicts with shipscribe's completion of 9 Nov 1944 and the yard table's 13-Nov-44 delivery - 16-Jun-44 is FS-256's documented delivery date (Wheeler hull 70) and appears to be a cross-row conflation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1944-1961
- Limitations
- Compiled reference, not a primary source; corroborates the USCG document and shipscribe on the wartime and transfer milestones. Its 'delivered 16 June 1944' is treated as an uncorroborated outlier (matches FS-256's delivery); its generic spec block (560 t., 177', 32' beam, 14' draft, 12 kts, complement 42, two 500-hp GM Cleveland 6-278A diesels) is plausible for the type but hull-unverified - figures carried with attribution, not asserted. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-akl-22-akl22-04
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[5]shipscribe.com AKL 17 class notes - Army Design 381 specification ('Vessel, Supply, Diesel, Steel, 176-foot', specs dated 1 June 1943 with eight addenda to 16 Aug 1944) and machinery line (geared diesel, 2 screws, 1,000 hp) [other_primary]
- Locator
- AKL15.html class notes - Design 381 specification paragraph and machinery header
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Design-level framing for asbestos inference: this hull is a Design 381 vessel - a small geared-diesel twin-screw supply freighter with no boilers and no steam distribution plant. The dominant WWII-era shipboard asbestos application (thermal insulation/lagging on boilers, steam drums, and steam piping) is therefore absent by design on this hull type; the era-plausible residual applications are engine and exhaust gaskets and packing, diesel-exhaust/muffler lagging, electrical insulation, interior fireproofing and joiner materials, deck covering, and winch brake linings. None of these are documented aboard this hull.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1943-1944 design/build era
- Population
- Wheeler Whitestone construction trades (1944); operating crews (inference only)
- Limitations
- Design-document inference only - identifies which application categories are and are not plausible for the type; establishes neither presence nor absence of asbestos aboard this hull, nor quantity, condition, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-akl-22-akl22-05
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[6]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during World War II - the era and program under which this 1944 steel Army cargo vessel was mass-produced at the Wheeler yard.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarship; does not name this vessel or the FS Design 381 type and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation. Notably, this hull's diesel plant removes the largest documented asbestos-application category (steam-plant lagging).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-akl-22-akl22-06
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[7]Batch-1090 search ledger (this record): USCG Historian's Office FS-vessel PDF; shipscribe AKL class compilation; NavSource T-AKL-22 page; shipbuildinghistory Wheeler Whitestone yard table; NHHC/DANFS (no entry exists); NVR; MARAD ShipHistory; CourtListener opinion and RECAP searches; indexed-web check [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-akl-22-akl22-01 through sl-uss-akl-22-akl22-12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, specification naming this hull, or docketed case naming FS-276, AKL-22, or T-AKL-22 was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener opinion search returned zero hits for 'AKL-22', 'T-AKL-22', 'FS-276', and 'USNS AKL-22'; RECAP hits were unrelated name collisions (docket/exhibit sub-numbers and party-name fragments such as 'AKL' for Air Kiribati Limited), classified non-qualifying. NHHC has no DANFS entry for this hull; NVR carries no record (pre-1987 disposal); no MARAD custody record located (direct Navy sale, never MARAD).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 2026-09-22
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944-built vessel of this era is consistent with era-typical asbestos-containing materials in the residual applications listed in ev-05. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-akl-22-akl22-07
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[8]usmm.org, 'Ships transferred to Military Sea Transportation Service from Naval Transportation Service and Army Transportation Service 1949-1950' (1 July 1950 transfer list naming USNS T-AKL 22); shipscribe disposition table (T designation); NavSource header (USNS T-AKL-22) [other_primary]
- Locator
- usmm.org/msts/transfer.html - 'July 1, 1950; 33 ships' Cargo Ships section listing USNS T-AKL 22; shipscribe AKL15.html disposition table; NavSource 1422.htm page header
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Prefix correction: this vessel was never a commissioned U.S. Navy ship. It served the Army as USAV FS-276 (1944-1950, Coast Guard-manned) and entered Navy custody as a civilian-crewed Military Sea Transportation Service vessel, USNS T-AKL-22, on 1 July 1950 - appearing on the MSTS transfer list under that designation among the 33 Army ships transferred that date. Commercial asbestos-ship listicles label it 'USS AKL-22'; the correct style is USNS T-AKL-22.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1950
- Limitations
- Corrects naming only; carries no asbestos information. usmm.org is a secondary compiled reference reproducing the official transfer roster; the transfer is corroborated by shipscribe's register compilation and NavSource.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-akl-22-akl22-08
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[9]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 336 (Records of the Office of the Chief of Transportation, 1917-66) - Army Transportation Corps vessel records; RG 26 (U.S. Coast Guard) - records/deck logs of Coast Guard-manned Army vessels [other_primary]
- Locator
- https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/336.html (RG 336, Office of the Chief of Transportation); https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/026.html (RG 26, U.S. Coast Guard)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - requires research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): NARA RG 336 holds Office of the Chief of Transportation records 1917-66 (bulk 1940-50) including Transportation Corps field activities and vessel-related files for the Army FS fleet; USCG-manned Army vessel operational records and any surviving FS-276 deck logs would fall under Coast Guard custody (RG 26) per USCG historian guidance. MSTS-era operational records for the 1950-52/53 service period and reserve-fleet custody records (1952-61) are further unsearched repositories.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1944-1962 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for FS-276/AKL-22 is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-akl-22-akl22-09