Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
-
[1]U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office, 'World War II Coast Guard-Manned U.S. Army Freight and Supply Ship Histories' (media.defense.gov PDF; retrieved via Wayback capture - live URL blocks automated fetch) [other_primary]
- Locator
- FS-548 vessel entry (~p. 43 of 44-page PDF); JCS agreement and Design-range statement in introductory section
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official Coast Guard-manned Army FS-vessel histories (U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office document hosted on media.defense.gov) name this hull verbatim: 'The Coast Guard-manned Army vessel FS-548 was commissioned 2 November 1944 with LTJG N. R. Samuelson, USCGR, as first commanding officer. He was succeeded on 11 September 1945 by LTJG James E. Warren, USCGR. She was assigned to and operated in the Southwest Pacific and Western Pacific areas, including Leyte, etc.' The document's preamble records the 14 March 1944 JCS agreement under which the Coast Guard manned 288 Army craft (AMRS, TY, LT, FS, F types) and places all FS other than FS-34 and FS-140-234 in Design 381 - covering FS-548.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- U.S. Coast Guard crew of FS-548 (1944-c.1946)
- Limitations
- Establishes commissioning date, first two commanding officers, Coast Guard manning, and wartime theater for this hull. The entry is three sentences: it gives no commissioning location (NavSource supplies Los Angeles), no decommissioning date, and no materials, condition, or asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-akl-32-akl32-01
-
[2]shipscribe.com (Stephen S. Roberts), 'AKL 17 (T-AKL 17, FS Design 381 Part 2) Class' - construction table, disposition table, class notes, and per-vessel ship note for T-AKL 32, compiled 8 Aug 2021 (special source: Miramar Ship Index) [other_primary]
- Locator
- AKL15.html construction table row 32, disposition table row 32, ship-note paragraph for T-AKL 32; class header spec lines incl. '(32) 10/32' accommodations; class notes para. on AKL 18-32 approval of 7 Jun 1950
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Register compilation (ShipScribe, S.S. Roberts) names this hull across all tables and the ship notes: T-AKL 32 ex-FS 548, built by United Concrete Pipe, Los Angeles under contract dated 24 April 1943, completed 30 October 1944; in Army storage in Japan August 1949; acquired and placed in MSTS service 1 July 1950 (T designation) - one of the AKL 18-32 group of Army ships in Far East commands whose names, classification, and hull numbers were approved 7 June 1950; in USN reserve 1952-61 (inactive May 1953 per disposition table); struck 1 July 1961; on Navy sale list July 1961; disposed by Navy sale 20 March 1962; recorded as merchant CARLOS MIGUEL (Colombian) 1961 and TANGIER ISLAND (at Reedville, Va., 'probably a menhaden seiner') 1970. Class data: Design 381 steel 176' type, 500 light / 935 full tons, 177' oa x 32', 12 kts, geared diesel 2 screws, 1,000 hp; T-AKL-32 accommodations 10 officers + 32 unlicensed.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1944-1970
- Population
- USCG-manned Army crew (1944-c.1949); MSTS civilian mariners (1950-c.1952/53); merchant crews (1961/62+)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation of official register sources (Naval Vessel Register data, CNO correspondence, Miramar Ship Index) - authoritative for identity and milestones but not itself a primary document. Contains no asbestos or materials information; supports no asbestos claim. Internal tension: 'merc. CARLOS MIGUEL (Colombian) 1961' precedes the documented 20 Mar 1962 Navy disposal - the sale-list/merchant dates are carried as published. Builder 'Los Angeles' vs yard table's Long Beach resolved toward Long Beach (see ev-06).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-akl-32-akl32-02
-
[3]usmm.org (American Merchant Marine at War), 'Ships transferred to Military Sea Transport Service ... July 1, 1950; 33 ships' transfer list [other_primary]
- Locator
- July 1, 1950 transfer list, Cargo Ships (16) section, 'USNS T-AKL 32' row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The usmm.org compilation 'Ships transferred to Military Sea Transport Service from Naval Transportation Service and Army Transportation Service 1949-1950' lists 'USNS T-AKL 32' among the 33 Army Transportation Service ships transferred to MSTS on 1 July 1950 (Cargo Ships group, T-AKL 18 through T-AKL 32).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1950
- Population
- MSTS civil-service crew of T-AKL-32
- Limitations
- Compiled transfer list corroborating the 1 Jul 1950 acquisition date and USNS designation; consistent with ShipScribe. No asbestos, materials, or condition information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-akl-32-akl32-03
-
[4]usmm.org MSTS transfer list (USNS T-AKL 32 entry, 1 Jul 1950); ShipScribe disposition table (T designation); NavSource page header (USNS/ex-USAV framing, 'manned by the US Coast Guard') [other_primary]
- Locator
- transfer list July 1, 1950 Cargo Ships section; shipscribe.com/usnaux2/AKL/AKL15.html disposition table; navsource.net/archives/09/14/1432.htm header
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Prefix correction: this vessel was never a commissioned U.S. Navy ship. She served the Army as USAV FS-548 (1944-c.1949, Coast Guard-manned) and entered Navy custody as a civilian-crewed Military Sea Transportation Service vessel, USNS T-AKL-32, on 1 July 1950 - appearing on the MSTS transfer list under that USNS designation among the 33 Army ships transferred that date; ShipScribe's disposition table carries her 'T' (MSTS/USNS) designation throughout. She also never received a ship name - 'T-AKL-32' was her only Navy identifier. Commercial asbestos-ship listicles and some secondary compilations label her 'USS AKL-32'; the correct style is USNS T-AKL-32.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1944-1961
- Limitations
- Corrects the 'USS AKL-32' styling used in the batch title and on commercial asbestos-ship lists; she was a USNS civil-service MSTS vessel (1950-52/53) then a reserve hulk, never in commission as USS. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-akl-32-akl32-04
-
[5]NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive - T-AKL-32 ex USAV FS-548 page (compiled service record, last updated 13 Nov 2020) [other_primary]
- Locator
- 09/14/1432.htm - Camano Class entry text, spec block, ribbon list, 'no DANFS history available' notice
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource Service Ship Photo Archive page for T-AKL-32 (ex-USAV FS-548) corroborates the hull chain: built for the U.S. Army as small freighter FS-548 (Design 381) at United Concrete Pipe, Long Beach CA; delivered November 1944; commissioned USAV FS-548 2 November 1944 at Los Angeles, LTJG N. R. Samuelson USCGR first commanding officer; Samuelson succeeded 11 September 1945 by LTJG James E. Warren USCGR; 'assigned to and operated in the Southwest Pacific and Western Pacific areas, including Leyte, etc.'; transferred USAT to MSTS 1 July 1950 as T-AKL-32; struck from the Naval Register 1961. Specs: 560 t, 177', 32' beam, 12 kts, complement 42, two 500-hp GM Cleveland 6-278A diesels twin screw. The page states explicitly that no DANFS history exists for this hull and carries no photographs. WWII award ribbons shown: American Campaign, Asiatic-Pacific, WWII Victory, Philippines Liberation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1944-1961
- Population
- USCG wartime crew; MSTS civil-service crew
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled secondary archive used here for corroboration and lead indexing; the commissioning/command narrative matches the official USCG Historian's document verbatim. Page header mislabels the ribbon block 'US Army FS-547 Awards' - a NavSource editing quirk, content is FS-548's. No asbestos or materials information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-akl-32-akl32-05
-
[6]shipbuildinghistory.com (Tim Colton), 'United Concrete Pipe, Long Beach CA' yard table (updated Aug 31, 2021; also njscuba mirror) [other_primary]
- Locator
- UCP yard table, FS 548 row and TANGIER ISLAND (O.N. 565268) row; page narrative on the Steel Division's 12-boat run
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Builder's-yard table (ShipbuildingHistory/Tim Colton compilation): United Concrete Pipe established a Steel Division at Long Beach CA to build coasters and produced only its initial run of 12 FS boats (FS 387-393, FS 546-550); FS 548 row: U.S. Army coastal freighter, 560 LDT, 176 ft, Nov-44, 'To USN 1950 as AKL 32, struck 1961.' The same table carries a fishing-vessel row 'TANGIER ISLAND, O.N. 565268, Omega Protein, 538 LDT, 166 ft, 1944' annotated 'One of the above' - the compiler's linkage of the Reedville menhaden boat to the yard's FS run, consistent with ShipScribe's TANGIER ISLAND disposition note for this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1943-1944
- Population
- United Concrete Pipe construction trades (Long Beach, 1943-44)
- Limitations
- Compiled yard delivery list (secondary); resolves builder-yard location as Long Beach, not ShipScribe's 'Los Angeles.' The 'One of the above' annotation links TANGIER ISLAND to the UCP run without naming FS-548 specifically - the hull linkage rests on the combined ShipScribe + registry record (ev-02, ev-09). No asbestos or materials information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-akl-32-akl32-06
-
[7]Omega Protein, 'Omega Protein Looks to Future, Honors Past With Christening of State-of-the-Art Fishing Vessels,' company release (Marketwired/EIN Presswire), 21 Apr 2017; corroborated by National Fisherman Jul 2017 'Around the Yards' christening note [reputable_press]
- Locator
- Release paragraphs on retiring vessels and reef plans; National Fisherman Jul 2017 pp. 36-37 (Deltaville Maritime Museum archive scan)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Operator announcement (Omega Protein company release via Marketwired, 21 Apr 2017): at the 22 Apr 2017 Reedville christening of the replacement vessels Cockrells Creek and Windmill Point, 'the retiring Reedville and Tangier Island, two World War II-era vessels ... will be cleaned, stripped of machinery, and sunk to become artificial reefs.' The release dates the Tangier Island's christening to 1973 (first captain Irvin L. Deihl, Jr.) and describes both retiring vessels as WWII-era hulls; capacity 1.3 million fish.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 2017 (retrospective to 1973)
- Population
- Omega Protein menhaden crews (Tangier Island era, c.1970/73-2017)
- Limitations
- Company press release (primary for operator intent, PR in tone); 'christened in 1973' conflicts with ShipScribe's 'TANGIER ISLAND ... 1970' and Wikidata's c.1979 fishing-service entry - the discrepancy is unresolved and logged in gaps. 'Cleaned, stripped of machinery' describes reef preparation generally; it is not an asbestos or hazmat-survey statement and does not document what materials were removed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-akl-32-akl32-07
-
[8]Georgia DNR Coastal Resources Division, 'CRD adds two vessels to offshore artificial reefs' (8 Jun 2020), and 'Support Marine Habitat license plate raises $1 million for conservation' (coastalgadnr.org); Georgia Outdoor News reprint 'Two Vessels Added To Offshore Artificial Reefs' (CRD Press Release, 8 Jun 2020) [other_primary]
- Locator
- coastalgadnr.org release (JS-rendered; text verified via indexed extraction and corroborating GON reprint at gon.com/fishing/two-vessels-added-offshore-artificial-reefs); license-plate page coastalgadnr.org/support-marine-habitat-license-plate-raises-1-million-conservation
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Coastal Resources Division (official agency release, 8 Jun 2020): on Friday 5 June 2020 CRD sank the 180-foot former menhaden fishing vessel Tangier Island in about 70 feet of water at Artificial Reef JY, approximately 17 miles east of Ossabaw Island (DNR coordinates 31 deg 36.58' N, 80 deg 47.83' W; the Georgia Outdoor News reprint of the CRD release prints 80 deg 40.83' W - discrepancy noted). Reef JY, named for NOAA conservation researcher Jane Yarn, already holds a former NOAA research vessel (2007), M-60 battle tanks, the 442-ft liberty ship SS Addie Bagley Daniels, and the 99-ft tug El Mira. A separate DNR page states the license-plate program 'paid for the preparation and sinking of four vessels including the 180-foot Tangier Island, which was the largest ship CRD has sunk as an artificial reef since 1989.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 2020
- Population
- Georgia DNR CRD reef program; recreational fishing/diving users
- Limitations
- Official state-agency record of the disposal event. It documents cleaning/prep and sinking under a state artificial-reef program but contains no asbestos-specific or hazmat-survey language - it does not establish what hazardous materials were or were not aboard or removed. Coordinate conflict (80 deg 47.83' vs 40.83' W) between the two DNR-derived texts is unresolved; lat/lon fields carry the DNR-page value.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-akl-32-akl32-08
-
[9]MarineLink Intelligence vessel record TANGIER ISLAND (USCG Doc. 565268); Wikidata item Q83649628 (IMO 6408993, MMSI 367108890, alias 'Alabama') [other_primary]
- Locator
- marinelink vessel record fields (operator, CG number, commodity); wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityData/Q83649628.json claim set
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Registry/compiled data for the merchant phase: MarineLink intelligence record for TANGIER ISLAND carries operator OMEGA PROTEIN, INC. of Reedville VA, U.S. Coast Guard documentation number 565268, year 1944, commodity 'menhaden fish and fish waste' - matching the shipbuildinghistory O.N. 565268 entry. Wikidata Q83649628 (user-contributed) adds IMO 6408993, MMSI 367108890, and an intermediate name 'Alabama' between Carlos Miguel and Tangier Island; the Alabama name appears in no other located source and is carried as unverified.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1961-2020
- Population
- Commercial fishing crews (post-1961/62 merchant service)
- Limitations
- Compiled registry data - MarineLink reflects USCG documentation data but is a secondary presentation; Wikidata is user-contributed tertiary. The 'Alabama' intermediate name and the fishing-service date (c.1979 in Wikidata vs 1970 ShipScribe vs 1973 Omega Protein) are unverified - logged in gaps. No asbestos or condition information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-akl-32-akl32-09
-
[10]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during World War II - the era and program under which this Army Design 381 coastal freighter was built (completed 30 Oct 1944) - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization aboard American hulls.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarship on WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation. This hull is a diesel design - no boiler/steam-line lagging inference applies.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-akl-32-akl32-10
-
[11]Batch-1098 search ledger (this record): CourtListener API v4 (authenticated); NHHC/DANFS; NVR; MARAD ShipHistory; NavSource; ShipScribe; USCG Historian FS-vessel histories; Georgia DNR; Omega Protein release; registry compilations [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-akl-32-akl32-01 through -14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed asbestos case naming this hull (as FS-548, USAV FS-548, T-AKL-32, AKL-32, Carlos Miguel, Alabama, or Tangier Island) was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener returns zero hits on 'AKL-32,' 'T-AKL-32,' and 'AKL 32'; the five 'FS-548'/'FS 548' opinion hits are immigration decisions citing State Department Form FS-548 (Statement of Marriageable Age Applicant) - name collisions; 'Tangier Island' asbestos returns zero and 'Tangier Island' ship returns only Chesapeake-island community and unrelated tug/environmental cases; Omega Protein litigation hits (e.g., In re Omega Protein, 288 S.W.3d 17, Tex. App. 2009) concern other vessels (F/V Lancaster) and are non-asbestos. NHHC has no DANFS entry; NVR has no detail page; MARAD ShipHistory holds no record for the hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 2026-09-22
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944-built steel hull in military service to 1961 and commercial service to 2017 (including undocumented Colombian-flag and menhaden-fleet conversions and a 2020 reef preparation whose hazmat scope is not public) is era-consistent with retained asbestos-containing materials until removal. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-akl-32-akl32-11
-
[12]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 336 (Office of the Chief of Transportation) and RG 26 (U.S. Coast Guard); Georgia DNR CRD artificial-reef program files [other_primary]
- Locator
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - requires research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): (a) NARA RG 336 (Office of the Chief of Transportation, 1917-66) for Army FS-548 assignment/operation records, including the Aug 1949 Japan storage entry; (b) NARA RG 26 (U.S. Coast Guard) for any surviving FS-548 deck logs of the USCG-manned period; (c) MSTS operational records for T-AKL-32's 1950-52/53 Far East service and Navy reserve-fleet custody records 1952-61 (RG 313/MSC custody chain to be confirmed); (d) the 1962 Navy sale file (the likeliest repository for any materials disclosure at disposal); (e) Georgia DNR CRD reef-prep file for the 2020 sinking - reef preparation under the state program is the likeliest place any hazmat removal was documented; (f) Colombian-flag and Lloyd's/Miramar registry files for the CARLOS MIGUEL/ALABAMA period.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1944-2020 records
- Limitations
- Repository mapping only - existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-akl-32-akl32-12