Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]DANFS, Alcyone II (AKL-37) entry - verbatim transcription carried by NavSource ('Alcyone History') and HistoryCentral; live NHHC page unavailable (404 on 2026-09-22) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NavSource AKL-37 page, 'Alcyone History' section; HistoryCentral 'Alcyone' page (DANFS transcription)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS entry for this hull: 'FS-195 was acquired from the Army on 8 December 1951. She was named Alcyone, designated AKL-37, and was transferred to the Republic of Korea on 12 December 1951. The ship served Korea until early in 1960 when - while still in the Orient - she was returned to the custody of the American Navy. Her name was struck from the Navy list on 1 February 1960, and she was sold to Hong Kong Rolling Mills, Ltd., in June 1960 for scrapping.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1951-1960
- Limitations
- Authoritative for Navy-side identity, acquisition/transfer dates, striking, and sale. Establishes the ship's U.S. Navy custody was nominal - 4 days between acquisition and transfer - and that she was never commissioned into the fleet (NavSource states this expressly). Contains no asbestos, materials, or condition information; supports no asbestos claim. Live NHHC page 404s; verbatim text verified across two independent mirrors (NavSource, HistoryCentral) that carry identical wording.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-alcyone-akl37-01
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[2]shipscribe.com, 'USS Mark (AKL 12) and USNS AKL 15 (FS Design 427/330) Class' and 'USNS AKL 34 (FS Design 381 Part 3) Class' pages - S. S. Roberts compilation from official records; special source Miramar Ship Index [other_primary]
- Locator
- AKL12.html construction/disposition/ship-note/class-note tables (rows for AKL 37); AKL37.html class notes (six-vessel transfer program)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Per-hull construction/disposition rows: ALCYONE (ex-FS 195, Design 330DC), builder Higgins, New Orleans, contract 11 Jan 1943, completed ca Sep 1944; acquired 12 Dec 1951 (disposition table transfer entry reads 8 Dec 1951 - internal swap of the DANFS 8 Dec acquisition / 12 Dec transfer dates); struck 1 Feb 1960. Program class notes: SecArmy 11 Jul 1951 offered six FS vessels (FS 195, 257, 283, 390, 528, 547) from the Far East Command reserve fleet for ROK civil relief and inter-island/inter-coastal cargo service (an MSTS function); Navy agreed 9 Aug 1951; ships delivered to the Navy at Yokosuka 12 Oct 1951; names/designations AKL 37-42 approved 4 Dec 1951; SECNAV approved disposal 1 Dec 1959; returned to Navy custody at Sasebo; advertised for sale 23 May 1960; sold 27 Jun 1960 to Hong Kong Rolling Mills with the AK 261-266 group. Ship note: in Army service at Okinawa Aug 1949 for intra-theater supply distribution; later merchant PUERTO MANZANILLO, then COLIMA, wrecked near Mazatlan, Mexico, 25 Sep 1965. Design 330 class characteristics: 180 ft oa x 33 ft x 10 ft, 640 light/930 full tons, 13 kts, ~1,000 hp geared diesel, twin screws; 330DC sub-type used Cleveland diesels.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1943-1965
- Limitations
- Compiled secondary reference assembled from official records (contract tables, SECNAV/Army correspondence summarized in class notes) plus Miramar Ship Index - not itself a primary document; the merchant coda (Puerto Manzanillo/Colima, 1965 wreck) rests on Miramar and is not corroborated by a registry primary source in this record. No asbestos, materials, or condition information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-alcyone-akl37-02
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[3]U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office, 'FS Vessels - World War II Coast Guard' (cutter-history compilation), media.defense.gov [other_primary]
- Locator
- USCG FS-vessels document, FS-195 entry; also indexed at history.uscg.mil Historic Ships list
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official USCG historian entry for this hull: 'The Coast Guard-manned Army vessel FS-195 was commissioned at New Orleans on 26 August 1944. Her first commanding officer was Lt. J. P. McNabb, USCGR. She was assigned to and operated in the Southwest Pacific area.' Preamble: under a 14 Mar 1944 JCS agreement the Coast Guard manned 288 Army vessels; FS-140 through FS-234 were of Design 330 (placing FS-195 in the Design 330 family, consistent with shipscribe's 330DC attribution and inconsistent with NavSource's 'Camano Class' page label).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- USCG crew of FS-195 (wartime, Southwest Pacific)
- Limitations
- Direct fetch of the PDF is blocked to automated access (HTTP 403, media.defense.gov Akamai); entry text verified via search-index excerpt and corroborated word-for-word by NavSource's commissioning/CO detail (which derives from the same USCG source). Full document not re-read - possible additional detail in the FS-195 entry (e.g., later COs) not captured. No asbestos content; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-alcyone-akl37-03
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[4]Shipbuilding History (T. Colton compilation), Higgins Industries yard table and 'U.S. Army Coastal Freighters (F, FS) Built During WWII' table (navalmarinearchive.com mirror) [other_primary]
- Locator
- higgins/ yard table FS-195 row; us-navy-small/armyfreighters/ FS-195 row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Construction table row for this hull: FS-195, Higgins Industries, New Orleans LA, Design 330, steel, 573 gross tons, 180 ft, build window Jul-Oct 1944; disposition note 'USCG-manned, to USN 1951 as Alcyone (AKL 37), to Korea 1951, scrapped 1960.' Independently corroborates the Higgins/Design-330 attribution and USCG manning.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1944
- Limitations
- Compiled secondary yard-history table - corroborates builder, design family, tonnage, and build window; the 'scrapped 1960' disposition ends at the 1960 sale and does not capture the merchant coda reported by shipscribe/Miramar. No asbestos content; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-alcyone-akl37-04
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[5]NavSource Online, Alcyone (AKL-37) page 1437 vs. shipscribe AKL-12/AKL-37 class tables, USCG historian entry, and shipbuildinghistory Higgins table (cross-check) [other_primary]
- Locator
- navsource.net/archives/09/14/1437.htm (page text vs. 14idx.htm index); shipscribe AKL12.html/AKL37.html; shipbuildinghistory higgins/ and armyfreighters/ tables; USCG FS-vessels document
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Source discrepancies resolved in favor of primary-aligned compilations: (a) NavSource's AKL-37 page labels the ship 'Camano Class' and 'laid down ... at Kewaunee Shipbuilding and Engineering Corp., Kewaunee, WI' - inconsistent with shipscribe (Higgins, New Orleans; Design 330DC), shipbuildinghistory (Higgins, Design 330), the USCG historian's Design-330 hull range (FS-140 through FS-234), and NavSource's own AKL index (which lists AKL-37 under Design 330) and its own text placing the commissioning at New Orleans; the Kewaunee/Camano attribution is treated as erroneous. (b) NavSource's 'Redesigned FS-193, date unknown' is a typo - FS-193 is a different hull (T-AKL-20); the vessel was FP-195 then FS-195. (c) NavSource dates Navy acquisition '12 December 1951 ... loaned ... that same day'; DANFS dates acquisition 8 Dec and transfer 12 Dec - DANFS adopted. (d) 'Transferred' (DANFS) vs. 'loaned' (NavSource) - the ship retained her U.S. name/hull number and stayed on the Navy List until 1960, consistent with a loan in substance.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1944-1960
- Limitations
- Correction of secondary-source inconsistencies; underlying primary records (Army/Navy transfer correspondence summarized in shipscribe class notes) not directly retrieved. No asbestos content; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-alcyone-akl37-05
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[6]Documented propulsion/class data (shipscribe Design 330 class row: geared diesel, ~1,000 hp, twin screws, no steam plant) + era shipbuilding practice per Corn & Starr 1987 and Fleischer et al. 1946 [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipscribe AKL12.html class spec row; Corn & Starr AJIM 11(3):359-373; Fleischer PMID 21016030
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Asbestos inference for this hull rests on era/design only: a 1944 steel Army diesel freighter built to wartime specifications would carry the era-typical asbestos applications for the type - diesel exhaust and muffler lagging, machinery-space and piping gaskets and packing, electrical cable insulation, joiner/accommodation insulation, galley equipment insulation, and winch/windlass brake linings. The documented geared-diesel twin-screw plant (no boilers, no steam lines) narrows the asbestos-relevant machinery scope relative to steam combatants.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1944-1965
- Population
- Higgins build trades (New Orleans, 1944); USCG-manned Army crew (SWPA 1944-45); postwar Army crews (Okinawa, Far East Command); Korean operators 1951-60; merchant/scrapping workforce 1960-65
- Limitations
- Inferred from documented propulsion plant plus era shipbuilding practice - no hull-specific insulation survey, specification, or materials list located for FS-195/AKL-37. Does not establish that asbestos was aboard, quantities, locations, present-day condition, or any individual exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-alcyone-akl37-06
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[7]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and emergency construction program under which this Design 330DC Army freighter was mass-produced - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in shipbuilding.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or class and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-alcyone-akl37-07
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[8]Fleischer, W.E., Viles, F.J. Jr., Gade, R.L., and Drinker, P., 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels,' J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28(1):9-16 (Jan 1946), PMID 21016030 [other_primary]
- Locator
- PubMed record PMID 21016030; article pp. 9-16 (pipe covering material section)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- The U.S. Maritime Commission-commissioned industrial-hygiene survey of WWII pipe-covering operations at Navy and Navy contract yards documented that 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels is amosite' - i.e., asbestos insulation was standard material in wartime U.S. naval-vessel construction of this hull's era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- survey ~1944-45; published 1946
- Population
- WWII pipe coverers and insulators at Navy and contract yards (era context)
- Limitations
- Era-level documentation of asbestos use in naval construction generally; does not name this vessel, class, or builder (Higgins New Orleans was an Army contract yard, not necessarily among the surveyed yards) and establishes nothing about this hull's materials, condition, or any individual exposure. The study's 'not a dangerous occupation' conclusion has been heavily criticized.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-alcyone-akl37-08
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[9]Batch-1103 search ledger (this record): DANFS via NavSource/HistoryCentral transcriptions; shipscribe AKL-12/AKL-37 class pages; USCG historian FS-vessels document; shipbuildinghistory Higgins + Army-freighters tables; CourtListener API v4 authenticated name/hull searches; NVR; VA BVA index; indexed-web asbestos/abatement checks; NARA record-group guides [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-alcyone-akl37-01 through sl-uss-alcyone-akl37-12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, court finding, or docketed asbestos case naming USS Alcyone / AKL-37 / FP-195 / FS-195 / S-971 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener 'Alcyone' hits are all name collisions - The Alcyone, 50 F.2d 186 (E.D.N.Y. 1931), a limitation-of-liability case on a different vessel; citations to it in In re The Trojan (N.D. Cal. 1958) and In re Wood (S.D.N.Y. 1954); an appellee named Alcyone Ross Douglass in Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co. v. Douglass (5th Cir. 1954); and two further unrelated collisions. Hull-number queries ('AKL-37', 'AKL 37', 'FS-195', 'FS 195', 'Alcyone asbestos', 'Alcyone ship Korea') returned zero opinions. NVR carries no record (pre-1987 disposal). VA BVA index: no decision naming the ship. Law-firm marketing ship lists (freeasbestostesting.com, simmonsfirm.com) name the hull without primary support - excluded source class.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 2026-09-22
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 steel diesel freighter is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials. The hull's service was overwhelmingly outside U.S. Navy control (Army/USCG 1944-51, ROK 1951-60, merchant/scrapping 1960-65), so U.S.-side litigation and survey coverage is structurally thin; Korean-era records were not searched in Korean-language or ROK repositories. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-alcyone-akl37-09
-
[10]NARA record-group mapping (not retrieved - no spend authorized): RG 336 (Office of the Chief of Transportation / Army Transportation Corps vessel files); RG 26 (U.S. Coast Guard - USCG-manned FS-vessel logs and personnel records); RG 19 (Bureau of Ships design records, if Design 330DC drawings/specifications retained); ROK Navy / Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries for 1951-60 Korean service; NHHC photo archive (NH 84179, 'ex-Alcyone (AKL-37), circa 1951', located via NavSource credit) [other_primary]
- Locator
- archives.gov Guide to Federal Records (RG 336, RG 26, RG 19); NavSource image credit for NH 84179
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival lead: hull-specific records likely sit in U.S. Army Transportation Corps files (RG 336) for FS-195 construction/assignment/transfer, USCG records (RG 26) for the 1944-45 USCG-manned commissioning and Southwest Pacific operations, and possibly BuShips design records (RG 19) for Design 330DC. The Korean-period identity (ROK name, operator, crewing) is undocumented in U.S. sources searched - ROK repositories are the lead. NHHC photo NH 84179 is the one located official artifact.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1943-1965 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-alcyone-akl37-10