Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
-
[1]research packet crew-cn-packet.md (15 sources cited) [museum_official]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS Allegheny — https://www.navalcovermuseum.org/wiki/ALLEGHENY_ATO_19
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-allegheny-at19-pkt-crew-cn-packet-md
-
[2]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships - 'Allegheny II (Fleet Tug No. 19)' NHHC page (published 2016-12-11); verbatim text read via Internet Archive Wayback capture 2024-05-26 (live NHHC URL 404s this session) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS 'Allegheny II' entry, stats line + full text; canonical live URL https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/a/allegheny-ii.html (404)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS entry 'Allegheny II (Fleet Tug No. 19)' (stats line: displacement 1,000; length 156'8"; beam 30'0"; draft 14'7" mean; speed 13 knots; complement 51; armament 2 3-inch, 2 machine guns; class Allegheny): name Huron assigned 1917-07-28, renamed Allegheny 1917-09-01; launched 1917-10-18 at American Shipbuilding Co., Buffalo, N.Y.; delivered to the Navy 1917-12-05; iced in on the St. Lawrence until spring; commissioned at Quebec 1918-05-18, Lt. A. Wholtman in command; arrived Boston 1918-06-08; outfitted at Atlantic Works, East Boston; Naval Overseas Transportation Service tug/tow duty on the eastern seaboard until assigned to the Atlantic Fleet Train 1919-02-04; New Orleans operations March 1919-April 1921; designated AT-19 1920-07-17; station tug NAS Pensacola from spring 1921; holed and sunk by USS Orion (AC-11) propeller 1922-07-05, raised by NAS personnel by 1922-07-22, active service again November 1922; Pensacola station tug through the decade - plane-guarded for Langley (CV-1) 1923, aided survivors of stranded Tacoma (PG-32) at Veracruz late January 1924 with Bay Spring (AT-60), Mississippi flood relief 1927-04-24 to 1927-06-05 (rescued passengers/crew of sunken steamer Thomas R. Buckham 1927-05-21); shifted to Philadelphia Navy Yard 1932 and operated in the 4th Naval District for the rest of her active service; station ship at the entrance to Delaware Bay from 1942-02-18 under the Cape May section base; February 1942 towed damaged British submarine Regent to Philadelphia for repairs; 1942-03-29 towed the broken-backed tanker SS Paulsboro into port; January 1944 attempted to free Liberty ship Leland Stanford on Hen and Chickens Shoal and on 1944-01-21 lay alongside the burning tanker SS Plattsburg Socony (600,000 gal aviation gasoline; rammed by Liberty ship Charles Henderson) and saved it with firefighting gear fitted 1943; reclassified fleet tug, old, ATO-19 on 1944-05-15; Eastern Sea Frontier service through German surrender; towed surrendered U-858 into Cape May June 1945; decommissioned 1946-07-10; stricken 1946-09-25; turned over to the Maritime Commission 1947-02-18 and eventually scrapped.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1917-1947
- Population
- Crew (design complement 51); Philadelphia Navy Yard support personnel (1932-1942 station-tug period); Cape May section-base crews (1942-1946)
- Limitations
- Authoritative identity/history record naming this hull; contains no insulation, material, or asbestos information whatsoever - documents operations, dates, and stations only. DANFS omits the 1932-06-04/1934-01-10 decommission-recommission dates and the sale details (NavSource/shipscribe supply them). Does not establish asbestos presence, absence, quantity, exposure, or eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-allegheny-at19-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive - USS Allegheny (ATO-19/AT-19/Fleet Tug No. 19), navsource.net/archives/09/64/64019.htm - specifications block [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource AT-19 page, Specifications block (propulsion, complement, armament, fuel)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Secondary archival compilation lists this hull's machinery as one American Engineering vertical triple-expansion steam engine, two Scotch single-ended boilers (200 psi saturated steam), two turbo-drive 25 kW 120V DC ship's-service generators, single propeller, 1,800 shp. A reciprocating steam plant of this 1917 construction era carried boiler and steam-drum insulation, steam-line lagging, flange and valve gaskets, and machinery packing - applications that era-typically contained asbestos fiber.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1917-1946
- Population
- Construction trades (American Shipbuilding, Buffalo, 1917); engine-room crew (boiler/machinery spaces)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a reputable secondary compilation, not a primary record; its spec block conflicts with the DANFS stats line on displacement (795 lt/1,111 fl vs 1,000), length (156'5" vs 156'8"), beam (36'6" vs 30'0"), draft (15' vs 14'7"), speed (12 vs 13 kts), and complement (61 vs 51) - see correction row. The source does not say 'asbestos' and does not document materials aboard this hull; asbestos content is era inference, not ship-proven. Does not establish quantity, location, condition, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-allegheny-at19-02
-
[4]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented the Navy's asbestos-protection program and reported the Navy's own account that all ships contain some asbestos in components such as clutches and electric cables, and that thermal insulation was the Navy's major use of asbestos aboard ships - the insulation regime in force during this hull's WWII service era. Fieldwork was at Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1979 (report); pre-1946 insulation regime contextualized
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level 1979 review published 32 years after this hull's disposal; not hull-specific and does not establish conditions aboard this vessel - this hull was built 1917 (before the period GAO describes) and scrapped 1947 (before the review period). Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403) - content via product-page description and search excerpt. Does not establish quantity, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-allegheny-at19-03
-
[5]U.S. Navy Filing Manual, 1941, AB-AZ Auxiliary Ships section, AT (fleet tug) listing (HyperWar transcription) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Navy Filing Manual 1941, AT block: 'AT19 Allegheny.'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The 1941 Navy Filing Manual's auxiliary-ship index lists 'AT19 Allegheny' among active fleet tugs (between AT18 Chemung, marked stricken, and AT20 Sagamore) - official corroboration that this hull was in commissioned service on the eve of U.S. entry into WWII.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1941
- Limitations
- Administrative index entry only - confirms hull existence and in-service status in 1941; carries no operational, material, or exposure information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-allegheny-at19-04
-
[6]Shipscribe.com, 'USS Allegheny (AT-19) Class' - construction table, class notes (General Board characteristics; 1917 contract; program expansion to AT-45 with AT-40..45 cancelled), and AT-19 ship notes (Stephen S. Roberts compilation) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipscribe.com/usnaux/AT/AT019.html - construction/disposition tables, class notes, AT-19 ship note
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Shipscribe's ALLEGHENY (AT-19) class file (compiled from Bureau of Ships/Construction & Repair records and Maritime Commission records) documents for this hull: ordered under contract signed 1917-05-24 with American Shipbuilding Co., Buffalo (a near-duplicate of the tug R.W. Wilmot built by the yard's predecessor Globe Iron Works); taken over incomplete at Buffalo 1917-12-05; iced in en route; commissioned at Quebec; arrived Boston 1917-06-08 and completed at Atlantic Works, East Boston, Mass. 1918-07-14; inspected 1918-10-16 but not given an SP number; out of commission 1932-06-04 to 1934-01-10; reclassified ATO-19 by CNO letter of 1944-05-13 effective 1944-05-15; sold to Charles Lee, Staten Island, N.Y. for $5,050.12. Class-level notes: hull blisters were installed on most or all surviving units in late 1941 to correct questionable stability, enabling a fit of 4-20mm guns and 2 depth-charge throwers - the armament table lists AT-19 among hulls receiving 4-20mm in 1942-43.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1917-1947
- Population
- American Shipbuilding Buffalo workforce (1917); Atlantic Works outfitting trades (1918); Philadelphia Navy Yard maintenance workforce (1932-1942 station period); unknown yard(s) for the 1941 blister and 1943 firefighting-gear refits
- Limitations
- Specialist compilation of official records - ship-note row is hull-specific; class notes (late-1941 blister installation 'on most or all of the surviving units') are class-level and not confirmed for this hull by name, though the armament table does list AT-19 in the 1942-43 4-20mm fit. Prints keel '--' (unknown) for this hull - the 'keel laid 24 May 1917' circulating in secondary pages conflates the contract date. Contains no asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-allegheny-at19-05
-
[7]NARA, Special List #44 named-vessel index (archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/special-list-44-named.html) + NARA 'Navy Deck Logs Available in the National Archives Catalog' thru-1940 list [other_primary]
- Locator
- SL-44 named index, Allegheny rows (the four bare-'Allegheny' rows with blank fields precede the AT-19 rows and are likely the 1847 Allegheny I); navy-online-thru-1940 list checked - no Allegheny
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA Special List #44 (List of Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Miscellaneous Units, 1801-1947), named-vessel index, lists two deck-log runs for this hull: 'Allegheny (AT-19, ATO-19)' 5/16/1918-6/4/1932 and 'Allegheny (AT-19, ATO-19)' 1/10/1934-6/30/1945 - together covering nearly all commissioned time except the final 1945-46 year. Neither run is among the digitized logs in the National Archives Catalog (the thru-1940 online list contains no Allegheny entry); physical logs sit in RG 24 Entry 118 (Archives I, Washington DC, pre-1941) and the post-1940 College Park deck-log series.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1918-1945 records
- Limitations
- Verifies indexed log runs exist at NARA - a lead for hull-level records (engineering logs could document machinery upkeep, repairs after the 1922 sinking, and any insulation work), not itself evidence of materials aboard. No retrieval performed; whether the logs survived digitization-era culling is unknown until pulled. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-allegheny-at19-06
-
[8]DANFS 'Allegheny II' stats line vs NavSource 64019 spec block vs shipscribe AT-19 class table/ship notes vs NavalCoverMuseum ATO-19 page vs NARA SL-44 run dates [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Same citations as ev-01 through ev-06; navalcovermuseum.org/wiki/ALLEGHENY_ATO_19
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Source discrepancies documented, not reconciled: (a) displacement - DANFS 1,000; NavSource 795 light/1,111 full; shipscribe 502 gross/751 light/1,000 normal. (b) length - DANFS 156'8"; NavSource 156'5"; shipscribe 156.7' oa class figure (ship notes print AT-19 at 155.8' oa vs AT-20 156.7'). (c) beam - DANFS 30'0"; shipscribe 30.0' m; NavSource 36'6" (plausibly the post-1941 blistered beam - unconfirmed). (d) draft - DANFS 14'7" mean; NavSource 15'. (e) speed - DANFS 13 kts; NavSource 12 kts. (f) complement - DANFS 51; NavSource 5 officers + 56 enlisted; shipscribe 46 (1929). (g) keel date - NavalCoverMuseum prints 'keel laid May 24 1917' where shipscribe prints no keel date; 24 May 1917 is the contract-signing date per shipscribe class notes - conflation flagged, no keel date carried. (h) first CO name - DANFS 'Lt. A. Wholtman' vs NavSource 'LT. Wohltman, August' - spelling variants reported. (i) commissioning dates - DANFS 18 May 1918 at Quebec; NavSource agrees; the NARA log run begins 16 May 1918 (two days earlier - log start predates formal commissioning, no conflict). (j) class naming - 'Allegheny class' (DANFS stats line for this hull; NavSource; shipscribe) vs 'Bagaduce class' (DANFS stats line for AT-21 and most secondary coverage of the production block) - one design, two names. (k) place name 'Cateau Landing, Quebec' in the official DANFS text - unusual as printed; retained verbatim.
- Verification
- disputed
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1917-1947
- Limitations
- Resolves nothing - documents a genuine multi-source conflict so a future pass does not silently pick one figure. NavSource's 36'6" beam is the outlier against two 30-ft prints and may reflect the post-blister molded beam, but that is unverified inference. No asbestos content in any of these sources.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-allegheny-at19-07
-
[9]CourtListener API v4 search (authenticated via cl-auth-search.py, fleet-paced): opinion queries 'USS Allegheny', 'USS Allegheny' asbestos, 'ATO-19', '"Allegheny" "AT-19"', '"Allegheny" tug asbestos', 'AT-19'; docket queries 'USS Allegheny', 'USS Allegheny' asbestos, 'ATO-19', '"Allegheny" "AT-19"', '"Allegheny" tug asbestos', 'AT-19' [court_record]
- Locator
- CourtListener search result sets; ATO Enterprises opinion cluster 6622983 (the sole 'ATO-19' opinion hit)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener authenticated search (2026-09-26, fleet-paced): opinions - 'USS Allegheny' 0 hits; 'USS Allegheny' + asbestos 0; 'ATO-19' 1 hit (ATO Enterprises of Delaware LLC v. Cabrera, Del. Ch. 2022-07-12 - corporate name collision, not the hull, not asbestos); '"Allegheny" "AT-19"' 2,191 loose-AND hits, top-ranked sets entirely Allegheny County / Allegheny Reproductive Health / PA-region cases, zero vessel hits; '"Allegheny" tug asbestos' 8 hits, all non-ship collisions verified by snippet (Culbreth v. Amosa, 3d Cir. 1990 - Cape Asbestos defendant; Westerby v. Johns-Manville, Pa. C.P. Phila. 1982 - asbestos PI; Earl v. Bouchard Transportation, E.D.N.Y. 1990 - maritime defendant; five others unrelated); bare 'AT-19' 81,975 unqualified noise hits (address/statute fragments). Dockets - 'USS Allegheny' 0; 'USS Allegheny' + asbestos 0; 'ATO-19' 17 (document/exhibit-string collisions); '"Allegheny" "AT-19"' 6,486 loose-AND hits, top-ranked sets entirely Allegheny County / Allegheny Ludlum / Allegheny Technologies W.D. Pa. dockets; '"Allegheny" tug asbestos' 48 hits (incl. In re Asbestos Products Liability Litigation (No. VI) MDL transfer order and maritime/tug-company dockets - none names this vessel); bare 'AT-19' 251,863 unqualified noise. No qualifying asbestos litigation names this hull in any form.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- Search covers CourtListener's indexed corpus only; state courts and non-digitized federal dockets are outside coverage, and RECAP indexing is incomplete for older dockets - an unindexed complaint naming the hull cannot be ruled out. 'Allegheny' is a heavy collision term (Allegheny County, Allegheny Ludlum Steel - itself a frequent asbestos defendant - Allegheny Airlines, Allegheny Technologies); the loose-AND qualified queries demonstrate that surface but cannot be fully enumerated, so 'no qualifying case' rests on the zero-count exact-name searches ('USS Allegheny' 0/0, 'USS Allegheny' asbestos 0/0) plus collision classification of every returned hit. A name match is not a case.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-allegheny-at19-08
-
[10]Batch-2787 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS via Wayback capture; NavSource; shipscribe class file; shipbuildinghistory (Colton) AmShip Buffalo table; NARA SL-44 named index + digitized-log list; 1941 Navy Filing Manual (HyperWar); CourtListener API v4 (authenticated, fleet-paced); NVR; MARAD ShipHistory; master-hull-list.json; shipyards.json [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-allegheny-at19-01 through sl-uss-allegheny-at19-17
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, court finding, or docketed case naming USS Allegheny (Fleet Tug No. 19 / AT-19 / ATO-19) was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The hull was scrapped in 1947 - decades before asbestos surveying existed - so no surveyable structure exists and no museum- or disposal-era hazmat record can arise.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1917-built reciprocating-steam tug's insulation regime is era-consistent with asbestos use, and the documented 1922 salvage/repair, 1941 blister-era work, and 1943 firefighting-gear refit are undocumented at materials level. Does not establish that asbestos was or was not present, and establishes or defeats no claim of exposure or legal eligibility. CourtListener sweep limitations are stated in ev-uss-allegheny-at19-08.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-allegheny-at19-09