Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]Shipscribe U.S. Navy auxiliary ships data sheets, 'USS APc-1 Class' page (Stephen S. Roberts compilation from Navy vessel registers, BuShips records, and Maritime Commission files): construction table, disposition table, ship note for APc-12 [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipscribe APC01.html - construction table row 12, disposition table row 12, ship notes row 12
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- APc-12 construction/disposition rows: ordered 2 Mar 1942; builder Warren Boat, Warren RI; keel 13 Apr 1942; launched 1 Aug 1942; commissioned 1 Feb 1943; decommissioned 6 May 1946; struck 21 May 1946; disposal action Apr 1947 'FLC' (Foreign Liquidation Commission). Ship note: 'Ex AMc-181. Sold in Philippines to Korea.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Limitations
- Compiled secondary transcription of official Navy register and MC records, not the registers themselves; consistent with NavSource on builder and shared dates except launch (1 Aug 42 shipscribe vs 1 Jul 42 NavSource) and strike year (21 May 1946 shipscribe vs '21 may 1947' NavSource) - both conflicts flagged in gaps. Contains no asbestos or materials information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amc-181-amc181-01
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[2]NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive - USS APc-12, file 09/23/23012 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 23012.htm - description block, spec block, CO table, call-sign line, ribbons
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource record for this hull: 'Originally planned as Coastal Minesweeper AMc-181'; laid down 13 Apr 1942 at Warren Boat Yard, Warren RI; launched 1 Jul 1942; commissioned USS APc-12 1 Feb 1943, LTjg. William O. Gay Jr. USNR in command; assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater; decommissioned 6 May 1946 at Naval Station Subic Bay, Philippines; 'Struck from the Naval Register, 21 may 1947'; 'Sold to South Korea, 24 April 1947'; final disposition 'fate unknown'. Spec block: 100 t lt / 234 t fl / 258 t lim; 103'3" x 21'3" x 9'3"; 10 kts; complement 3 officers + 22 enlisted; troop capacity 66; largest boom capacity 2 t; four single 20mm AA; diesel fuel 145 bbls; propulsion one General Motors 8-268A diesel, single Snow & Knobstedt main reduction gears, two diesel-driven 30 kW 120V DC ship's-service generators, single propeller, 300 shp. Call sign NCGT. Ribbons shown: American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal. CO table: Gay (Feb 43-Sep 44), Camp (Sep-Dec 44), Weiss (Dec 44-Jun 45), Wilson (Jun-Dec 45), Novotney (Dec 45-Mar 46), Murphy (Mar-6 May 46). NavSource states 'There is no DANFS history available for USS APc-12' and holds no image of the craft.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary compilation - detailed but non-official; consistent with shipscribe on shared dates except launch (1 Jul 42 here vs 1 Aug 42 shipscribe) and strike year (1947 here vs 1946 shipscribe) - both logged in gaps. The CO table conflicts with the Bruhn battle-star compilation for the Jan 1945 Lingayen period (Bruhn lists Gay; this table has Weiss in command Dec 44-Jun 45) - flagged in gaps. Contains no asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amc-181-amc181-02
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[3]Shipscribe 'USS APc-1 Class' class notes - procurement history of the AMc-150-199 / APc-1-50 program, compiled from CNO directives and District Craft Development Board records [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipscribe APC01.html - Class Notes paragraphs (CNO directive 19 Jan 42; BuShips specs Feb 42; CNO request 13 Apr 42; DCDB recommendation 20 Apr 42; APc category 22 Apr 42; AMc 150-199 -> APc 1-50)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Program history behind this hull's designation: AMc-150-199 were ordered under a 19 Jan 1942 CNO directive as wood-hulled coastal minesweepers (103 ft modified design, BuShips specs Feb 1942); on 13 Apr 1942 the CNO requested the 50 vessels instead as 'raider transports, AP,' probably for use in the South Pacific; the District Craft Development Board recommended the change 20 Apr 1942 and the 'Coastal transport (small), APc' category was created 22 Apr 1942 with three intended uses (74-man raiding party on a 24-hour voyage; 52 troops plus 1,500 cu.ft. cargo; or 4,000 cu.ft./17-ton cargo on a 2,500-mile voyage). AMc-150-199 became APc-1-50, 'though not respectively.' The design derived from commercial fishing boats - wood hulls, diesel machinery, about 10-12 knots. Class data: 161 t light / 258 t limiting; 103.25' oa; 400 HP diesel, one screw; complement 21 (1944); 'some units had a 500 HP diesel.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1940-1942
- Limitations
- Class/program-level procurement history, not a hull record; establishes why the AMc-181 designation exists only as a plan and why this hull commissioned as APc-12. The 400 HP class figure conflicts with NavSource's per-hull 300 shp GM 8-268A spec - the per-hull figure is carried, the class figure logged. Contains no asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amc-181-amc181-03
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[4]David D. Bruhn (CDR, USN Ret.), '"Pacific Island Hoppers" Hall of Valor' - compiled Navy battle-star and award data for APc coastal transports and Army freight vessels (Wayback capture 2021-10-19; live URL 404s) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Wayback PDF pp. ~7-9, 'Summary of Battle Stars Earned During World War II' - Cape Gloucester and Lingayen Gulf rows for USS APc-12
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Two battle-star credits for USS APc-12 under the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (units could receive a single star per operation; multiple period entries denote separate qualifying actions): 'Bismarck Archipelago operation: Cape Gloucester, New Britain (26 December 1943-1 March 1944) - USS APc-12, 3-4 Feb 44, Lt. (jg) W. O. Gay, Jr. USNR'; and 'Luzon operation: Lingayen Gulf landing (4-18 January 1945) - USS APc-12, 4-18 Jan 45, Lt. (jg) W. O. Gay, Jr., USNR.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1943-1945 awards; compilation accessed 2026-09-22
- Limitations
- Historian's compilation of Navy award records (21-page PDF, cited authority: Navy Department Board of Decorations and Medals) - secondary but specialized and specific to these small craft; the live davidbruhn.com URL 404s (fetched via Wayback 2021-10-19 capture). CO attribution for the Jan 1945 Lingayen period names Gay while NavSource's CO table has Weiss commanding Dec 44-Jun 45 - discrepancy flagged in gaps. Contains no asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amc-181-amc181-04
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[5]Consolidated era/design inference - NavSource spec block for this hull (GM 8-268A diesel, 300 shp, single screw; two diesel-driven 30 kW generators) + shipscribe class design data (wood hull, diesel, one screw) + shipbuildinghistory Warren-yard table (147 LDT, 103 ft, 1942) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 23012.htm spec block; shipscribe APC01.html class data; navalmarinearchive.com/sbh/shipyards/emergencysmall/warren.html APc-12 row
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Bounded era/design inference: this hull was a wooden-hulled small craft with a diesel-only plant (one General Motors 8-268A, 300 shp, single screw; two diesel-driven 30 kW 120V DC generators) - no boilers, no steam system, and no steam-line insulation scope. Any asbestos aboard would have been confined to era-typical small diesel craft items: engine exhaust/muffler lagging, machinery gaskets and packing, and electrical/cable insulation. Documented disturbance phases for this hull: wartime Pacific transport service including two battle-star operations (Cape Gloucester Feb 1944, Lingayen Gulf Jan 1945), May 1946 decommissioning at Subic Bay, and April 1947 FLC sale to South Korea - after which the hull passed out of documented custody; there is no surviving hull to survey.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- Construction workforce at Warren Boat Yard, Warren RI (1942); wartime crew (~25) and embarked troops (capacity 66); post-1947 foreign operators (unidentified)
- Limitations
- Inference from the documented design and era - NOT a hull record. No survey, specification, or material schedule naming APc-12 or AMc-181 was located; establishes no asbestos content, quantity, location, individual exposure, or causation. The wooden hull and diesel plant bound the plausible scope materially below that of steam vessels of the same era.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amc-181-amc181-05
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[6]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and emergency construction program under which this hull was built (Warren Boat Yard was a 1939-established emergency yard whose entire wartime output was eight small craft) - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in shipbuilding.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (era context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel, class, or builder yard and does not establish that asbestos was aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation. The documented wooden hull and diesel-only plant mean the era-typical asbestos scope for this craft was far smaller than for steam vessels.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amc-181-amc181-06
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[7]NavSource Coastal Minesweeper (AMc) index - 'AMc-181 Reclassified APc-12' row; corroborated by NavSource APc index 'APc-12 ex AMc-181' and shipscribe ship note 'Ex AMc-181' [other_primary]
- Locator
- navsource.net/archives/11/03idx.htm 'AMc-181' row; navsource.net/archives/09/23/23idx.htm 'APc-12' row; navsource.net/archives/09/23/23012.htm; shipscribe APC01.html ship notes row 12 + construction/disposition rows 12
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Designation-map correction and source-conflict log: (a) Consolidation - the NavSource minesweeper index maps 'AMc-181 Reclassified APc-12', the NavSource APc index lists 'APc-12 ex AMc-181', the APc-12 page reads 'Originally planned as Coastal Minesweeper AMc-181', and the shipscribe ship note reads 'Ex AMc-181' - four-way agreement, adopted; the vessel commissioned as USS APc-12 on 1 Feb 1943, never as a minesweeper. (b) Launch - NavSource '1 July 1942' vs shipscribe '1 Aug 1942', unresolved. (c) Strike - NavSource '21 may 1947' vs shipscribe '21 May 1946', unresolved (day/month agree, year conflicts). (d) CO attribution - Bruhn lists Gay as CO for the 4-18 Jan 1945 Lingayen award period while NavSource's CO table has Weiss commanding Dec 1944-Jun 1945, unresolved. (e) Complement - NavSource spec 3 officers + 22 enlisted vs shipscribe class '21 (1944)', logged. (f) Propulsion - NavSource per-hull GM 8-268A 300 shp vs shipscribe class '400 HP' ('some units had a 500 HP diesel'), per-hull figure carried. (g) Register coverage - no DANFS entry exists for this numbered small craft (NavSource flag; candidate NHHC URL 404).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1942-1947 records; sources reviewed 2026-09-22
- Limitations
- Documents the designation consolidation and publication-level discrepancies so the record is auditable; does not alter identity or the service timeline. None of the conflicting figures bear on asbestos documentation. Wikipedia/liquisearch are non-citable downstream mirrors - noted only for name-collision awareness on future sweeps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amc-181-amc181-07
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[8]Batch-1531 search ledger (this record): NavSource 23012 + APc index + AMc index; shipscribe APC01 class compilation; Bruhn Hall-of-Valor compilation (Wayback); shipbuildinghistory/navalmarinearchive Warren-yard and APc tables; NARA Special List #44 + digitized-logs listing; NHHC DANFS coverage check; NVR; indexed-web litigation checks; CourtListener API v4 (quota-limited) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-amc-181-amc181-01 through sl-uss-amc-181-amc181-13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, court finding, or docketed asbestos case naming AMc-181, APc-12, or any post-Navy identity was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). No DANFS/NHHC ship-history entry exists for this numbered small craft. The vessel does not appear in the Naval Vessel Register (NVR excludes vessels disposed of before 1987; the NVR site is additionally login-gated as of research date). As an unnamed hull, the craft does not appear on law-firm/marketing asbestos ship lists - those lists key on ship names. The CourtListener API check could not be executed - authenticated daily quota (2800/day) exhausted at research time - so the litigation surface is incompletely searched.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 2026-09-22
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - WWII-era construction practices leave residual uncertainty for gaskets, packing, electrical and engine-adjacent insulation even in a small wooden diesel craft. The litigation check is incomplete because CourtListener was throttled (2800/day shared quota exhausted); re-run is a documented gap. Does not establish presence, absence, exposure, causation, or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amc-181-amc181-08
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[9]NARA, 'Special List #44, by Ship Numbers' - index to U.S. Navy deck logs held by the National Archives (RG 24); 'Navy Deck Logs Available in the National Archives Catalog' digitization listing; record-group guides [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf 'APC-12 8/1/1944 1/31/1946' row (pdftotext -layout verified); archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy-online (no APC-series entries); RG guides at archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records (024, 019, 178, 248)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - requires research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): NARA Special List #44 lists deck logs for APC-12 covering 8/1/1944 - 1/31/1946 only (RG 24, NARA College Park) - the commissioning-through-July-1944 period and the February-May 1946 terminal months are unindexed. The NARA digitized deck-log listing contains no APC-series craft - the logs exist as physical holdings only. BuShips design and construction-contract records for the AMc-150-199 / APc-1-50 program would sit in RG 19 (Bureau of Ships) and RG 178 (U.S. Maritime Commission); no digitized booklet of general plans for the Warren-built units was located. The Foreign Liquidation Commission disposal file for the April 1947 Subic Bay-area sale (RG 248-era foreign-disposal records) is the likeliest primary for the Korea transfer instrument and buyer identity.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1944-1946 indexed records
- Limitations
- Index-level verification only - the logs exist in NARA custody per Special List #44 but were not retrieved or reviewed; deck logs record operational events, not materials content. The digitized-logs listing was checked and carries no APC entries - digitization status confirmed negative for this hull. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amc-181-amc181-09
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[10]shipbuildinghistory.com / Naval Marine Archive, 'Warren Boat Yard, Warren RI' page (Colton compilation): yard history and complete wartime delivery table; 'US Navy Coastal Transports APc' table, APc-12 row [other_primary]
- Locator
- navalmarinearchive.com/sbh/shipyards/emergencysmall/warren.html - history paragraph + delivery table 'APc 12' row; navalmarinearchive.com/sbh/smallships/auxapc.html 'APc 12' row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Builder record for this hull: Warren Boat Yard was established in 1939 on the site of Alder Manufacturing at Warren, RI; co-founder Ernest E. Alder had earlier been Wood Superintendent at Herreshoff Manufacturing (the Bristol RI yard that built APc-1 through APc-10). The yard's entire wartime output was eight craft - Heroic (AMc-84), Ideal (AMc-85), APc-11, APc-12, APc-51, APc-52, APc-53, APc-54 - and it closed after the war. Delivery table row: 'APc 12 | US Navy | Coastal Transport | 147 LDT | 103 ft | 1942 | Transferred overseas.' The class APc table carries the same hull as 'Warren Boat, Warren RI, 100 LDT, 103 ft, 1942, Transferred foreign.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1939-1947
- Population
- Warren Boat Yard construction workforce (1939-c.1945)
- Limitations
- Shipyard-history compilation, secondary but independent of NavSource/shipscribe on the yard profile; documents the construction-trades population at the builder. Tonnage variance between the yard table (147 LDT) and the APc class table (100 LDT) is a basis difference, not resolved. Contains no asbestos or materials information; the yard closed postwar and no litigation naming it was located in indexed-web checking.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amc-181-amc181-10