Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive, file 09/23/23040 - 'USS APc-40' vessel page (W. Hechler / R. Reeves / G. P. Priolo compilation) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource Service Ship Photo Archive, APc-40 page (milestones list, specifications block, commanding-officers table, awards line)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Per-hull record: 'Originally planned as Coastal Minesweeper AMc-195. Laid down, 19 September 1942, at Anderson & Crhistofani [sic], San Francisco, CA. Launched, 8 March 1943. Commissioned USS APc-40, 8 March 1943, LTjg. Albert H. Heitzler Jr. USNR in command. During World War II USS APc-40 was assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater: APc Flotilla Five, LT. D. V. Horsburgh USNR; APc Group Fourteen, LTjg. J. C. Dean USNR; APc Division Twenty-Eight. Decommissioned, 16 January 1946, at San Francisco, CA. Struck from the Naval Register, 7 February 1946. Sold, 7 February 1948, to Lawrence W. Koerner, Sans [sic] Francisco, CA., removed 9 March 1948. Final Disposition, fate unknown.' Specifications: displacement 100 t (lt) / 258 t (fl); length 103'3"; beam 21'3"; draft 9'3"; speed 10 kts; complement 3 officers / 22 enlisted; troop capacity 66; armament four single 20mm AA mounts; fuel 145 Bbls diesel; propulsion one General Motors 8-268A diesel, single main reduction gears, two diesel-drive 30 kW 120V D.C. ship's service generators, one propeller, 400 shp. Awards: American Campaign Medal, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal, World War II Victory Medal. Call sign NCXB. Five commanding officers listed (Heitzler 8-31 Mar 1943; LT. Nelson A. Berens Mar 1943-Aug 1944; LTjg. William J. Ashe Aug 1944-Mar 1945; LTjg. James T. Brown Mar-Jul 1945; LTjg. Cletus A. Ratterman Jul 1945-16 Jan 1946). Page flags 'There is no DANFS history available for USS APc-40.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Ship's company ~21-25 (1943-1946); embarked troops up to 66 per voyage (design capacity)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation (the standard per-hull reference for small Navy auxiliaries), not a primary document - corroborated on all milestones by shipscribe and the builder's-yard delivery table. The 'Launched, 8 March 1943' line conflates the launch with the same-day commissioning; shipscribe gives launch 12 December 1942 and the yard table gives delivery 10 February 1943 (carried in the correction row). Organizational assignment is the only service detail given - no stations, operations, or itineraries. Displacement '100 t (lt)' conflicts with shipscribe's 161 t light. No materials or asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amc-195-amc195-01
-
[2]Shipscribe (S. Silverstone-compiled U.S. Navy auxiliary records): 'USS APc-1 Class' - construction table, disposal table, ship notes, and class notes (from official U.S. Navy records) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipscribe.com/usnaux/APC/APC01.html - construction table row '40 | APc-40 | 29 Apr 42 | Anderson & Cristofani | 19 Sep 42 | 12 Dec 42 | 8 Mar 43'; disposal table row '40 | APc-40 | 16 Jan 46 | 7 Feb 46 | 9 Mar 48 | MC/D | 27 Feb 48'; ship note row 40; Class Notes paragraphs 1-3
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Per-hull rows for APc-40: construction - ordered 29 Apr 42, Anderson & Cristofani, keel 19 Sep 42, launched 12 Dec 42, commissioned 8 Mar 43; disposal - decommissioned 16 Jan 46, struck 7 Feb 46, sold/delivered 9 Mar 48, Maritime Commission disposition (MC/D) 27 Feb 48; ship note - 'Ex AMc-195. Sold (awarded) by MC to Lawrence W. Koerner, San Francisco, Cal.' Class notes document the designation lineage behind the correction in this record: CNO directed construction of coastal-minesweeper batch AMc-150-199 on 19 Jan 1942; BuShips issued specs for a modified 103-ft design Feb 1942; on 13 Apr 42 CNO requested the 50 vessels be built as 'raider transports, AP'; the District Craft Development Board recommended the change 20 Apr 42 and the category 'Coastal transport (small), APc' was created 22 April - 'AMc 150-199 thus became APc 1-50, though not respectively.' Class design: wood hull, 103.25 ft oa, diesel 1 screw 400 hp, 10 kts; intended roles per the DCDB - 2 officers + 74 men for a 24-hour voyage, or 2 officers + 50 men + 1,500 cu.ft. cargo, or 4,000 cu.ft. (17 t) cargo unaccompanied over 2,500 miles.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Construction trades at Anderson & Cristofani, San Francisco, 1942-1943 (build crew for this hull); ship's company in service
- Limitations
- Compiled from official records but itself a secondary transcription (shipscribe, Stephen S. Roberts's register-derived auxiliary file). The class notes are program-level procurement history - they document that the AMc-150-199 block was reassigned wholesale to APc-1-50, establishing that 'AMc-195' was a directive-slot designation reassigned before contracting, not a commissioned identity. Does not identify which directive slot mapped to which APc hull (mapping is per-hull in the construction table). No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amc-195-amc195-02
-
[3]shipbuildinghistory.com (T. Colton) via Naval Marine Archive mirror: 'Anderson & Cristofani, San Francisco CA' yard delivery table + yard history; and 'US Navy Coastal Transports APc' table (shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/auxapc.htm) [other_primary]
- Locator
- navalmarinearchive.com/sbh/shipyards/small/anderson.html - 'Built by Anderson & Cristofani' table, 'AMc 195/APc 40' row and yard-history header; shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/auxapc.htm - 'APc 40' row
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Builder's-yard delivery row: 'AMc 195/APc 40 | US Navy | Transport | 100d | 103 | 10-Feb-43 | Sold 1946' - confirming the dual designation, customer, type, 100-ft design length, 103 gross tons, and a 10 February 1943 delivery date (pre-commissioning). The APc summary table reads 'APc 40 | Anderson & Cristofani | San Francisco CA | 100 | 103 | 1942 | To MARAD 1947'. Yard history: Anderson & Cristofani was the survivor of the India Basin scow-schooner builders on Innes Avenue at Hunter's Point (H. P. Anderson arrived from Denmark 1893, bought Dircks' yard, joined by Alf Cristofani 1926); the yard built the AMc-150-154/APc-33-37 block, the AMc-193-195/APc-38-40 block (this hull), and APc-108-111 for the Navy, alongside six Accentor-class minesweepers (AMc-97-102); yard sold to speculators in the 1980s and acquired by the City in 1989 for the India Basin Shoreline Park.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Anderson & Cristofani yard workforce, San Francisco, 1942-1943 (this hull's construction trades)
- Limitations
- Shipyard-history compilation, secondary but corroborating NavSource and shipscribe on builder and timeline independently. The '10-Feb-43' figure is yard delivery, not commissioning; 'Sold 1946' in the yard table conflicts with the documented Maritime Commission custody into early 1948 (MC/D 27 Feb 48, out of custody 9 Mar 48) and 'To MARAD 1947' in the APc table - custody-disposal bookkeeping conflicts carried in the correction row. No wartime stations, crew figures, or asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amc-195-amc195-03
-
[4]NARA, Special List #44 (by ship number), index to U.S. Navy deck logs 1801-1947 held in the National Archives - 'APC-40 5/1/1943 6/30/1945' entry [other_primary]
- Locator
- sl-44-ship-number.pdf (pdftotext -layout verified), 'APC-40 5/1/1943 6/30/1945' row; digitized-logs listing at archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy-online (no APc-class entries)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Special List #44 indexes this hull's deck logs in the National Archives deck-log collection (RG 24) under her commissioned designation: 'APC-40, 5/1/1943 - 6/30/1945' - one file unit covering ~26 months of commissioned service. There is NO 'AMC-195'/'AMc-195' entry in the index (consistent with the designation never being carried in service). Coverage is partial: the commissioning-to-April-1943 window (8 Mar - 30 Apr 1943) is unindexed, and the final months (Jul 1945 - 16 Jan 1946 decommissioning) are likewise unindexed. The NARA 'Navy Deck Logs Available in the National Archives Catalog' page lists no APc-class craft among digitized logs - the logs exist as physical holdings, undigitized.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1943-1945 (indexed coverage)
- Limitations
- Index-level finding only - the logs were not retrieved (no paid reproduction authorized) and their contents, including stations, operations, repairs, and any material events, are unknown. SL-44 indexes physical holdings, not digitization status. Establishes the log series' existence under APC-40 for May 1943-Jun 1945, nothing more. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amc-195-amc195-04
-
[5]HyperWar 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945' (ibiblio transcription), Minecraft - AMc Coastal Minesweepers tables (Converted Vessel Class and Accentor/Acme Class blocks); AMc-195 absent from both [other_primary]
- Locator
- ships-dm.html, 'AMc -- Coastal Minesweepers' section - Converted Vessel Class and Accentor/Acme Class spec blocks and unit tables (no AMc-150-199 rows present)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Navy register-derived AMc tables carry no AMc-195 row - the unnamed AMc-150-199 block is not itemized (named converted vessels and the standardized Accentor/Acme family are listed hull by hull). This is consistent with the shipscribe procurement history: the AMc-150-199 slots were reassigned wholesale to APc-1-50 before contracting, so 'AMc-195' never became a register-worthy minesweeper hull. The table's Accentor/Acme class block (185-205 t, 97'1"-98'5", wood hull, diesel 400 hp, 10 kts, complement 17) documents the design lineage the modified AMc-150-199/APc design grew from.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1941-1945
- Population
- Crews of the coastal-minesweeper type the design derived from (class context)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation of official Navy register data; documents the absence of this hull from the minesweeper register table - corroborating, not establishing, the designation bookkeeping. The Accentor/Acme spec block is class context for the design family, not this hull's specification. No asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amc-195-amc195-05
-
[6]Design-bounded assessment compiled from NavSource and shipscribe/shipbuildinghistory specifications for this hull (ev-01, ev-02, ev-03) and the documented AMc/APc program pattern (ev-02, ev-05) [other_primary]
- Locator
- navsource.net/archives/09/23/23040.htm specifications block; shipscribe.com/usnaux/APC/APC01.html class header and class notes; navalmarinearchive.com/sbh/shipyards/small/anderson.html delivery table
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Design-level assessment of the asbestos-relevant profile: this hull was a wood-hulled 103-ft transport with a single General Motors 8-268A diesel on one shaft (400 shp) and two diesel-drive 30 kW ship's-service generators - no boilers, no steam distribution system, no turbines. The principal asbestos vectors documented aboard steam-era naval vessels - boiler and steam-drum lagging, steam-line insulation, turbine and condenser insulation - are absent by design in this type. Residual era-typical applications remain plausible but are undocumented for this hull: diesel exhaust and muffler insulation, engine gaskets and packing, electrical insulation, joiner materials, and brake linings on winch/windlass gear (she carried a 2-3 ton cargo boom). Exposure-relevant population is bounded by design: ~21-25 crew plus troops embarked for voyages of 24 hours by design intent (up to 2,500 miles cargo-only).
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Ship's company (documented 3 officers / 22 enlisted by class spec; shipscribe class table reads 21 in 1944); embarked troops (66 capacity); Anderson & Cristofani construction trades 1942-43
- Limitations
- Class/design inference, not a ship-specific finding: the absence of a steam plant removes the dominant asbestos vectors but does not prove the absence of asbestos aboard - WWII-era gaskets, packing, electrical components, and interior materials could still contain asbestos, and the February 1942 BuShips design specification's materials content is unretrieved. Nothing in the cited sources names an asbestos product installed on this hull. Does not establish presence, absence, exposure, or causation for any individual.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amc-195-amc195-06
-
[7]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and program under which this wood-hulled diesel transport was built at a San Francisco yard in 1942-1943 - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in ship construction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (era context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel, its class, or the Anderson & Cristofani yard and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation. Its ship-construction framing applies most strongly to construction trades at the builder's yard; the hull's small diesel design narrows the afloat vector set (ev-06).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amc-195-amc195-07
-
[8]San Francisco Recreation and Park Department / Page & Turnbull, 900 Innes Avenue Parcel 3A (Shipwright's Cottage) historic-resource evaluation and cleanup documentation (2016); SF Planning 'India Basin Survey' historic context statement (2008) - the India Basin Scow Schooner Boatyard, expanded as the Anderson & Cristofani Boatyard [other_primary]
- Locator
- sfrecpark.org DocumentCenter 900 Innes Parcel 3-A Shipwright's Cottage documents (View/1891, View/1893); archives.sfplanning.org India Basin Survey (May 2008), Anderson & Cristofani boatyard references
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- The builder's-yard site is a documented contaminated site: San Francisco environmental documentation for 900 Innes Avenue (the former Anderson & Cristofani / India Basin Scow Schooner Boatyard parcel) records that the Shipwright's Cottage building materials 'are contaminated with asbestos, lead-based paint, and universal waste' and that the site is a brownfield with soils contaminated by heavy metals, VOCs, biocides, and petroleum hydrocarbons, 'located just east of the Hunters Point Shipyard' - the Navy yard placed on the National Priorities List as a Superfund site in 1989. The historic context documentation identifies the yard as the longest consecutively operating India Basin boatyard (1875-1936 significance period), acquired by Henry P. Anderson and expanded as the Anderson & Cristofani Boatyard.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- Site documentation 2008-2016; boatyard operation 1870s-1980s
- Population
- India Basin boatyard workers and residents (site context); present-day remediation/public park users
- Limitations
- Site-level environmental documentation for the builder's premises - the asbestos finding concerns the ~1875 Shipwright's Cottage building fabric and brownfield soils, not vessel-construction materials aboard this hull, and the documented contamination is not tied to the 1942-43 construction window or to any worker-exposure finding. The adjacent Hunters Point Shipyard Superfund site is a different, larger facility (the Navy yard, not this private yard) - the two must not be conflated. Does not establish that asbestos was installed on this hull, nor exposure or causation for any individual.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amc-195-amc195-08
-
[9]Source-conflict and coverage reconciliation across NavSource, shipscribe, shipbuildinghistory yard/APc tables, HyperWar register tables, NARA SL-44, and NHHC/DANFS availability checks [other_primary]
- Locator
- navsource.net/archives/09/23/23040.htm; shipscribe.com/usnaux/APC/APC01.html construction/disposal/ship-note/class-notes; navalmarinearchive.com/sbh/shipyards/small/anderson.html; shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/auxapc.htm; ibiblio.org/hyperwar ships-dm.html; sl-44-ship-number.pdf; history.navy.mil candidate URLs (404)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Publication-level discrepancies reconciled or logged: (a) Designation - 'AMc-195' was a planned coastal-minesweeper hull slot under the 19 Jan 1942 CNO directive for AMc-150-199; the whole block was reassigned to APc-1-50 after the 'Coastal transport (small), APc' category was created 22 Apr 1942, and this hull was contracted (29 Apr 42), laid down, launched, and commissioned as APc-40 - the minesweeper designation never rode the hull. Compiled sources' 'ex-AMc-195' phrasing is procurement bookkeeping, not a former commissioned identity; this record consolidates the two designations onto one hull and corrects the type to small coastal transport. (b) Launch date - NavSource 'Launched, 8 March 1943' equals the commissioning date (conflation); shipscribe gives launch 12 Dec 1942 and the yard table gives delivery 10 Feb 1943; shipscribe carried. (c) Displacement - NavSource 100 t (lt) / 258 t (fl) vs shipscribe 161 light / 258 limiting; the 258 full-load figure agrees, light figure unresolved. (d) Complement - NavSource 3 officers + 22 enlisted vs shipscribe class '21 (1944)'; unresolved. (e) Sale/custody - NavSource 'Sold, 7 February 1948 ... removed 9 March 1948' vs shipscribe 'sold/delivered 9 Mar 48, MC/D 27 Feb 48' vs yard table 'Sold 1946' and APc table 'To MARAD 1947'; Maritime Commission award to Lawrence W. Koerner consistent across sources, exact bookkeeping dates unresolved. (f) Name status - the craft was never named: 'AMc-195' and 'APc-40' are hull designations; consistent with this, NavSource flags 'no DANFS history currently available,' candidate NHHC URLs 404. (g) Register coverage - AMc-195 absent from the Navy register-derived AMc table (unnamed block not itemized). (h) Deck-log indexing - SL-44 indexes logs only under 'APC-40' (May 1943-Jun 1945); no AMC-195 entry exists, and Mar-Apr 1943 plus Jul 1945-Jan 1946 are unindexed.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1942-1948 records
- Limitations
- Documents publication-level discrepancies so the record is auditable; does not alter identity or the service timeline. None of the conflicting figures bear on asbestos documentation. The designation correction is the substantive item: any 'AMc-195' minesweeper framing is a phantom - the hull was always the APc-40 transport in service.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amc-195-amc195-09
-
[10]Batch-1546 search ledger (this record): NavSource 09/23/23040; shipscribe APC-1 class file; shipbuildinghistory Anderson & Cristofani + APc tables; HyperWar Navy register tables; NARA SL-44 + digitized-logs page; NHHC DANFS candidate URLs; NVR coverage policy; CourtListener API v4 opinion and docket searches; Wikipedia compiled lists; SF environmental documents; general web asbestos queries [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-amc-195-amc195-01 through sl-uss-amc-195-amc195-15
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, disposal-environmental record for this hull, or docketed case naming APc-40 or AMc-195 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener opinion searches returned zero for 'APc-40'/'APC-40' and 'AMc-195'/'AMC-195'; the docket search returned 15 hits, all classified as name-collision noise - 'APC' matching 'A Professional Corporation' law-firm suffixes in unrelated civil and criminal filings, none vessel- or asbestos-related. The vessel does not appear in the Naval Vessel Register (NVR excludes vessels disposed of before 1987). As an unnamed hull the craft does not appear on law-firm/marketing asbestos ship lists - those lists key on ship names.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 2026-09-23
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - WWII-era construction practices leave residual uncertainty for gaskets, packing, electrical and engine-adjacent insulation even in a wood-hulled diesel transport. Does not establish presence, absence, exposure, causation, or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amc-195-amc195-10
-
[11]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 24 (Bureau of Naval Personnel - deck logs), RG 38 (Chief of Naval Operations - WWII war diaries), RG 19 (Bureau of Ships), RG 178 (U.S. Maritime Commission); NARA SL-44 deck-log index for this hull [other_primary]
- Locator
- https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/024.html ; /groups/038.html ; /groups/019.html ; /groups/178.html ; sl-44-ship-number.pdf 'APC-40' row
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - requires research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): Navy deck logs for APC-40 covering 5/1/1943-6/30/1945 (SL-44 indexed, RG 24 - the likeliest primary for stations, operations, repairs, and material events during Pacific service); WWII war diaries of the relevant Pacific command structure (RG 38 - APc Group Fourteen operated in the Solomons theater per the documented groundings of sister ships APc-34 and APc-35 off New Georgia in Sep 1943, pointing to ComSoPac/CINCPOA series as candidates); BuShips design and contract records for the AMc-150-199/APc-1-50 block including the February 1942 modified-design specifications (RG 19 - could hold the materials/insulation specs that bound the asbestos question); the Maritime Commission disposal file for the Koerner award (RG 178 - the likeliest custody document and the best lead for post-Navy ownership); and U.S. Coast Guard merchant-vessel documentation files for any post-1948 commercial identity (official number unlocated - several sisters surfaced merchant names; this hull did not).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1942-1948 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. The Solomons-area command assignment is inferred from sibling losses, not this hull's own record. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amc-195-amc195-11