Evidence
15 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-15).
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[1]Bureau of Ships, 'Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, 1945,' NAVSHIPS 250-011, Vol. II (Mine Vessels, Patrol Vessels, Landing Ships and Craft), declassified (shipscribe.com mirror of the official publication) [other_primary]
- Locator
- AMC(U) (Underwater Locator Minesweepers) section: characteristics row 'AMC(U) 7 (ex-LCI(L)589)' and builder-table row 'New Jersey S. B. Co. / 11 Mar 44 / 5 Apr 44 / 11 Apr 44 / AMC(U)7' (approx. pp. 58-59 of the section)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NAVSHIPS 250-011 ('Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels,' 1945, Vol. II - the official Bureau of Ships register) lists AMC(U)-7 (ex-LCI(L)-589): built by New Jersey S.B. Co., keel laid 11 Mar 1944, launched 5 Apr 1944, first commission 11 Apr 1944. Executed characteristics: length 159'0" o.a., 153'0" w.l.; beam 23'8"; full-load displacement 387 t; designed trial speed 14.4 knots; accommodations 5 officers and 36 enlisted; propulsion two sets of General Motors model 6051 series-71 diesels totaling 1,800 shp through GM single reduction gears to two shafts, plus three diesel-driven 20 kW 120 V DC ship's-service generators.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Limitations
- Official contemporary register entry for this specific hull - establishes identity chain, builder, construction dates, and as-converted machinery/accommodation figures. Contains no asbestos, materials, or insulation information; a 1945 register would not record hazmat content. PDF OCR is noisy; values cross-checked against NavSource's AMCU-7-class specification block (387 t, 159 ft, complement 41) with agreement.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amcu-7-amcu7-01
-
[2]Naval History Division / NHHC, 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945' - Landing Ships and Craft table (LCI(L)-589 row) and Minecraft table (AMc(U)-7 row), HyperWar/ibiblio transcription [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- ships-lc.html LCI(L)-351-class table row 'LCI(L)-589'; ships-dm.html 'AMc(U) -- Underwater Locator Minesweepers' table row 'AMc(U)-7 ... 1945 ... Converted from Landing Craft, Infantry (Large)'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The NHHC-derived 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945' tables (HyperWar transcription of the Naval History Division ship lists) record LCI(L)-589 'Converted to Underwater Locator Minesweeper AMc(U)' in the landing-craft table, and AMc(U)-7 'Converted from Landing Craft, Infantry (Large), 1945' in the minecraft table - where the type is headed 'AMc(U) -- Underwater Locator Minesweepers.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1945
- Limitations
- Official Navy-historical-office table data (transcribed mirror; the live NHHC equivalents are subject to the link-rot pattern flagged in BATCH-01). Establishes the designation change and type only - no dates, no conversion site, no materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amcu-7-amcu7-02
-
[3]uboat.net, USS LCI(L)-589 warship page and convoy UGS-42 record (secondary database compiled from official convoy sailing records, Arnold Hague-derived) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Ship page data block (builder, laid down 11 Mar 1944, launched 5 Apr 1944, commissioned 11 Apr 1944, reclassified AMCU-7 on 10 Mar 1945) and 'Notable events' entry: 1 Jun 1944 arrival at Bizerta from convoy UGS 42
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- uboat.net's Allied Warships/convoy database records USS LCI(L)-589 (Lt.(jg) J.J. McCarthy, USNR) sailing with convoy UGS-42, which departed Hampton Roads 13 May 1944, and arriving at Bizerta on 1 June 1944 together with seven sister LCI(L)s (-672, -673, -943, -945, -946, -948, -949, -950) under the American escort group - establishing her Atlantic-to-Mediterranean transit in spring 1944.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- May-June 1944
- Population
- Ship's crew and embarked troops, spring 1944 Atlantic crossing
- Limitations
- uboat.net is a respected secondary compilation of official convoy records, not an official source; the convoy membership and arrival are consistent with the ship's documented Mediterranean operations (see ev-04, ev-05) but the underlying sailing documents were not independently retrieved. Establishes transit and commanding officer only; no materials or asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amcu-7-amcu7-03
-
[4]Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual, NAVPERS 15,790 (Rev. 1953), LCI(L) 539-664 battle-star table (official manual; ship-level table consulted via verbatim third-party transcription) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAVPERS 15,790-derived table, row 'LCI(L) 589: 15 Aug 44 - 25 Sep 44 | E7 | Invasion of Southern France'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official Navy awards record (Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual, NAVPERS 15,790, Rev. 1953, ship-level battle-star tables) credits LCI(L)-589 with one World War II engagement: code E7, 'Invasion of Southern France,' 15 August-25 September 1944 - one battle star.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- August-September 1944
- Population
- Ship's crew and embarked 3rd Infantry Division troops, August-September 1944
- Limitations
- The ship-level star table is read here through a third-party transcription site that explicitly sources NAVPERS 15,790; the transcription is corroborated for this hull by independent placement evidence (NARA combat film NAID 24198 identifies LCI(L)-589 landing troops on Red Beach, 15 Aug 1944 - see ev-05). Establishes campaign participation credit only; no asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amcu-7-amcu7-04
-
[5]U.S. National Archives, NAID 24198 (Local ID 111-ADC-10436), 'Invasion of Southern France' (US Army Signal Corps film), frame identification via NavSource contributor caption on the LCI(L)-592 archive page [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource LCI(L)-592 page, image-caption block quoting NARA identifiers and naming LCI(L)-589 on Red Beach, 15 August 1944
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- A U.S. National Archives combat film of the southern France landings (NAID 24198; Local ID 111-ADC-10436, 'Invasion of Southern France') contains footage identifying USS LCI(L)-592 and USS LCI(L)-589 disembarking U.S. Army Third Division troops onto Red Beach (the Cavalaire-sur-Mer beaches) during the initial landings of 15 August 1944.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 15 August 1944
- Population
- Ship's crew and embarked 3rd Infantry Division troops
- Limitations
- The underlying film is an official NARA-held Army Signal Corps record; the frame-level hull identification is a NavSource volunteer contributor's transcription, hence 'partial' - the NARA asset itself was not independently reviewed frame-by-frame this session. Establishes the hull's presence in the assault waves on 15 August 1944; no materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amcu-7-amcu7-05
-
[6]NavSource Naval History, Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive, 'AMCU-7 ex-LCI(L)-589' page (datasheet + dated photo captions); context: NHHC/HyperWar-hosted Navy press release on the Kobe Harbor mine clearance (TG 52.6, Capt. T.F. Donohue) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 11/0407 chronology block and photo captions (c. March 1945 New London trials; 1 April 1946 San Francisco arrival); Kobe context at ibiblio.net/hyperwar/USN/ships/dafs/AMc/amc203-Kobe.html
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource's AMCU-7 archive page records: reclassified Coastal Minesweeper (Underwater Locator) AMCU-7 on 10 March 1945; a dated photo caption places her passing under the railroad bridge south of New London on sea trials 'c. March 1945' after conversion; a second dated caption records her entering San Francisco Bay on 1 April 1946 flying her homeward-bound pennant after a 45-day passage from Kobe, Japan in convoy with six to eight YMS-type minesweepers and two AMs, via Saipan, Eniwetok, and Pearl Harbor; and transfer to the War Shipping Administration in November 1947, with fate unknown. The shipbuildinghistory.com builder-yard table independently records the disposal as 'to US Maritime Commission 1948' - the WSA-to-USMC disposal-agency transition straddles the 1946-47 handoff, and the two renderings are carried side by side rather than reconciled. The Kobe departure is consistent with the documented Task Group 52.6 clearance of the Kobe-Osaka minefields (NHHC-hosted period press release), though AMCU-7's specific operational assignment in Japan is not itself documented.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- March 1945-April 1946; November 1947
- Population
- AMCU-7 conversion-yard workforce and crew (1945); postwar mine-clearance crews in Japanese waters (1945-1946)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer-compiled archive, not an official Navy source; photo captions are contributor-supplied and are used here as the best located record of the conversion trials and the Kobe-to-San-Francisco passage (which the uboat.net/NavSource chronology corroborates at the endpoints). The conversion yard is not named in any source reviewed. No asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amcu-7-amcu7-06
-
[7]NavSource LCI/LSIL index note (28 Feb 1949 reclassification scope) + NavSource AMCU-7 page (November 1947 WSA transfer) + DANFS entries for sister-hull LSI(L) designations (Accentor AMCU-15, Killdeer AMCU-27) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource index preamble ('All LCI's in th U.S. inventory were reclassified ... on 28 February 1949'); index row 'LCI(L)-589' resolves to archives/11/0407.htm; NavSource 11/0415d.htm and 11/0427.htm (sister-hull LSIL precedents)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Consolidation-alias correction: 'LSIL-589' appears in the batch's verification list, but no authoritative source shows this hull ever carrying the LSIL designation. NavSource's LCI/LSIL index states that 'all LCIs in the U.S. inventory were reclassified Landing Ship Infantry LSI on 28 February 1949' - a mass reclassification that demonstrably applied only to hulls still in Navy custody (cf. DANFS' Accentor/LSIL-652 and Killdeer/LSIL-883 entries, both of which reverted or carried LSI(L) designations while retained in the reserve fleet). AMCU-7 was transferred to the War Shipping Administration in November 1947, fifteen months earlier, and NavSource's index links 'LCI(L)-589' directly to the AMCU-7 page with no LSIL-589 entry existing.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1947-1949
- Limitations
- The 1949 reclassification could in principle have been applied administratively to a disposed hull, but no document located shows it; custody ended November 1947. 'LSIL-589' is retained in aliases solely to consolidate searches; asserting it as a carried designation would be unsupported. If a Navy-list document later surfaces showing the designation applied post-disposal, this row should be revisited.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amcu-7-amcu7-07
-
[8]Hedley-Whyte, John, and Debra R. Milamed, 'Asbestos and Ship-Building: Fatal Consequences,' Ulster Medical Journal 77(3):191-200 (2008), PMCID PMC2604477 / PMID 18956802 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Article sections on U.S. Navy asbestos specification history (1922 submarine specification; 1939 critical-material classification; WWII asbestos-board standard)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical scholarship documents that the U.S. Navy specified asbestos materials well before WWII - in 1922 the Navy specified South African chrysotile asbestos for gaskets, insulation, packing, and tape and Transvaal amosite for light-weight high-insulation applications in new submarines; the U.S. classified asbestos as a critical material in 1939; and by WWII asbestos board had become the standard noncombustible fire-protection material. This hull was built in early 1944 under those standing Navy specifications.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1922-1945 era documented; article published 2008
- Population
- U.S. Navy shipboard and shipyard population, WWII era (class/fleet context)
- Limitations
- Navy-wide policy scholarship; the article does not name this vessel, the LCI(L) type, or the AMCU program, and does not distinguish diesel small craft from steam-powered vessels. Does not establish that asbestos was installed on, or remained aboard, this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amcu-7-amcu7-08
-
[9]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987), DOI 10.1002/ajim.4700110311 / PMID 3555021 [other_primary]
- Locator
- DOI landing page and PubMed record (PMID 3555021)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during World War II - the era and program under which this 1944 hull was mass-produced - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization, with disease manifesting among shipyard workers and ship crews of the period.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article published 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class/era context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level documentation only; does not name this vessel or class, does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation. Note: a sibling record (uss-amcu-8-amcu8, ev-08) cites this same article under a different volume/DOI (12(4), 10.1002/ajim.4700120402); the PubMed-verified citation is 11(3):359-373, PMID 3555021 - flagged for cross-record consistency review.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amcu-7-amcu7-09
-
[10]Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) No. AK-52, 'M/V Husky II' (ex-USS LCI(L)-653 / USS Avocet AMCU-16/MHC-16), Library of Congress [haer]
- Locator
- HAER AK-52 data pages, Historical Context and construction-description sections
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Historic American Engineering Record documentation for a sister LCI(L) hull (M/V Husky II, ex-USS LCI(L)-653 / Avocet AMCU-16) - the closest authoritative construction record for the type - describes the class's welded-steel 159-foot hull, eight six-cylinder General Motors Series 71 diesel truck engines four per shaft with variable-pitch propellers, and 2-inch splinter protection composed of crushed granite pebbles embedded in bitumen. The word 'asbestos' does not appear anywhere in the report.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1943-1944 construction era; HAER documentation 1990s-2000s
- Population
- LCI(L)-class construction workforces and crews
- Limitations
- Documents a sister hull (LCI(L)-653), not this hull - class/type-level evidence only. The report's silence on asbestos is a negative data point for the class's documented construction materials, not proof of absence aboard this or any hull; it likewise does not enumerate gasket, packing, cable, or exhaust-lagging materials.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amcu-7-amcu7-10
-
[11]U.S. General Accounting Office, 'Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure,' HRD-80-2 (18 October 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text returned HTTP 403 to automated fetch - standing Batch-01 access defect; product-page description used)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO's 1979 report on Navy asbestos worker-protection efforts documents when the Navy's formal asbestos-management apparatus took shape - three decades after this hull left Navy custody (November 1947). It establishes that the documentation practices which generate ship-specific asbestos records postdate this vessel's service entirely.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- Report covers ~1940s-1979 Navy-wide practices
- Limitations
- Program-level report on Navy shipyard worker protection, published 32 years after this hull's disposal; it names no vessel and governed no period of this hull's service. Included only to frame why ship-specific asbestos documentation for a 1947-disposed small craft is not expected to exist.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amcu-7-amcu7-11
-
[12]CourtListener API v4 (courtlistener.com), opinion (type=o) and RECAP docket (type=r) searches via authenticated fleet-paced helper cl-auth-search.py [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-amcu-7-amcu7-09 through sl-uss-amcu-7-amcu7-15 for individual query strings and result counts; Serio docket /docket/4343339/
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No qualifying asbestos litigation naming this hull was located. Authenticated CourtListener API v4 searches across opinions (type=o) and RECAP dockets (type=r) for 'AMCU-7', 'LCI(L)-589', 'LCI(L) 589', 'LCI-589', 'LSIL-589', and 'USS AMCU' returned zero qualifying results. The single docket hit on 'AMCU-7' - Serio v. Dwight Halvorson Insurance Services, Inc., S.D.N.Y. 1:04-cv-03361 (filed 2004, insurance-rehabilitation contract dispute brought by the NY Superintendent of Insurance as rehabilitator of Frontier Insurance Company) - is a string collision on an alphanumeric reference in a filing exhibit; it is not the vessel and is not asbestos litigation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- Search conducted 2026-09-23
- Limitations
- Absence of a located litigation record does not establish absence of exposure or of unfiled/settled claims; CourtListener's index is not a complete record of all filed cases (many settle or are unpublished at trial level). The Serio hit was classified by case-name, cause code (28:1332 diversity - contract), and filing-party review; exhibit-level text was not retrieved (PACER paywall). Does not establish or defeat any exposure claim, causation, or legal eligibility for any individual.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amcu-7-amcu7-12
-
[13]Batch-1677 search ledger (this record): NHHC/HyperWar ship tables; NAVSHIPS 250-011; NavSource AMCU/LCI archives and index; NARA Special List #44 and asbestos research guide; shipbuildinghistory.com yard tables; uboat.net; CourtListener API v4; MARAD/merchant-registry trace search [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-amcu-7-amcu7-01 through sl-uss-amcu-7-amcu7-19
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located under any of this hull's designations: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, GAO or Navy report naming the hull, museum disclosure, or docketed case was found in the public sources searched (NHHC-derived ship tables, NAVSHIPS 250-011, NavSource archives, NARA finding-aid inventories, CourtListener, and the other repositories listed in the search ledger). The hull was never preserved (fate unknown after 1947-48 disposal), so none of the museum-disclosure or hull-survey documentation seen for preserved vessels exists.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 2026-09-23
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard during 1944-1947 service - WWII-era small-craft construction is class/era-consistent with asbestos-containing gaskets, packing, and insulation (see ev-08, ev-09), and the March 1945 locator conversion of undocumented yard and scope may have added or disturbed material. Does not establish presence or absence aboard this specific hull, quantity, condition, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amcu-7-amcu7-13
-
[14]National Archives and Records Administration, 'Special List #44, by Ship Numbers' (deck-log inventory) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SL-44 PDF p. 26, LCI(L) section, row 'LCI(L)-589 4/11/1944 - 2/28/1945'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA Special List #44 (inventory of Navy deck logs by ship number) lists LCI(L)-589 deck logs covering 11 April 1944 through 28 February 1945 - the LCI(L) period ending days before the 10 March 1945 AMCU-7 reclassification. No 'AMCU-7' entry appears in that inventory, so the post-conversion log series (March 1945-1947), if extant, is not inventoried there.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1944-1945 log coverage; inventory current as of publication
- Population
- LCI(L)-589 crew, April 1944-February 1945
- Limitations
- An inventory record only - establishes that logs exist and their coverage window, not their contents. The underlying logs (the primary source that could document conversion work, casualties, and material events) were not reviewed. Whether a post-February-1945 log series for AMCU-7 exists under a different filing is unknown.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amcu-7-amcu7-14
-
[15]National Archives and Records Administration, 'Researching Asbestos aboard US Naval Vessel up through 1961' (Navy asbestos-records research guide) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Guide sections: Beginning Research; Bureau of Ships correspondence conventions; record-group list
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival lead (not retrieved - no in-person research or reproduction order performed, no spend authorized): NARA's published research guide 'Researching Asbestos aboard US Naval Vessel up through 1961' directs researchers first to Record Group 19 (Bureau of Ships General/Confidential/Secret Correspondence 1940-1961, filed by hull designation - this hull would be filed as 'LCI(L)-589' or 'AMCU-7' - plus class correspondence, shipyard correspondence, General Information Books, and Board of Inspection and Survey material-condition reports), and secondarily to RG 38, RG 143 (Bureau of Supplies and Accounts specification indices, including Navy Filing Manual code S39 for insulation/lagging), and RG 24 (deck logs/muster rolls). NARA's guide states it cannot perform this research and flags it as potentially 'layered and complex.'
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- Guide reflects current NARA finding aids; underlying records 1940-1961
- Limitations
- Record-group and finding-aid mapping only; no box-level or correspondence-level retrieval was performed for this hull. Whether any hull-specific asbestos-relevant correspondence exists for LCI(L)-589/AMCU-7 in RG 19 or the other named groups is unknown until an in-person or contracted archival search is conducted. Nothing in this row is itself an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amcu-7-amcu7-15