Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
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[1]research packet 372-packet.md (4 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-america-ix41-pkt-372-packet-md
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[2]NHHC, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, America I (Schooner) (James L. Mooney; updated Robert J. Cressman, 2022-09-14) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry 'America I (Schooner)', complete narrative and specifications block (tonnage 100; length 111'0"; beam 25'0"; draft 12'0"; armament 1 12-pounder rifle, 2 24-pounder smoothbores)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Racing schooner designed by George Steers and built at New York City in the shipyard of William H. Brown for a syndicate headed by New York Yacht Club commodore John Cox Stevens; launched 3 May 1851; won the Royal Yacht Squadron regatta around the Isle of Wight 22 August 1851 (the race for which the America's Cup is named); sold to British owners 1 September 1851 and renamed Camilla; carried Southern purchasing agents under British owner Henry Edward Decie, allegedly sold to the Confederacy and renamed Memphis (DANFS: documents substantiating this have not been found); scuttled in Dunn's Creek, Fla., March 1862, found 18 March 1862 by a Union expedition, raised and repaired at Port Royal, S.C.; served the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron (capture of schooner David Crockett, 13 October 1862; actions against Princess Royal 29 January 1863, Georgiana 18-19 March 1863, Antelope 31 March 1863); ordered to the Naval Academy at wartime Newport, R.I., arriving May 1863; Academy practice-squadron service 1863-1866 including the June 1863 hunt for CSS Tacony; overhauled Washington Navy Yard 1869-70 and New York Navy Yard 1870; finished fourth of 19 in the first America's Cup race 8 August 1870 under Commander Richard W. Mead Jr.; sold to Maj. Gen. Benjamin F. Butler 1873; Butler family ownership to 1917; purchased and overhauled by Charles H. W. Foster interests; presented to the Naval Academy 1921; overhaul begun 1941 and halted after Pearl Harbor; stored under a shed at the Annapolis Yacht Yard which collapsed under deep snow in the surprise blizzard of 29 March 1942, crushing the hull; stricken from the Navy list 11 October 1945; remains scrapped.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1851-1945
- Population
- Civil War-era crew; USNA midshipmen (1863-1866 training cruises)
- Limitations
- Official Navy ship history; contains no asbestos, insulation-material, survey, or abatement information. Supports hull identity and chronology only; does not establish any material aboard, any individual exposure, or any legal eligibility. DANFS does not mention the IX-41 designation (see ev-uss-america-ix41-02).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-america-ix41-01
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[3]NHHC Photograph NH 84192, 'USS AMERICA (IX-41)', at the U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, 1930 (courtesy D. M. McPherson, 1976) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NH 84192 catalog page, Title/Caption fields
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official NHHC photo catalog titles this hull 'USS AMERICA (IX-41)' and places her at the U.S. Naval Academy in 1930 - official confirmation of the IX-41 unclassified-miscellaneous designation that the DANFS narrative does not state.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1930
- Limitations
- Confirms designation, location, and date only. Does not state when the IX-41 designation was assigned, and contains no asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-america-ix41-02
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[4]U.S. Naval Academy, Nimitz Library Special Collections & Archives, 'To Annapolis and Back Again: The Yacht America at the Naval Academy' (posted 2022-01-21) [museum_official]
- Locator
- USNA SCA blog post, body text and image captions; cited sources include RG 405 Superintendent correspondence and material-inspection report cover memo
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- USNA archival history (sourced to RG 405 holdings at Nimitz Library) documents: Navy acceptance of the yacht 1 October 1921 by Superintendent RADM Henry B. Wilson for $1; spring 1922 tow to Washington Navy Yard for restoration including coppered bottom and removed cabin fixtures, then permanent berth in Dewey Basin; December 1940 haul-out at the Annapolis Yacht Yard where hull inspection revealed need for extensive repairs; summer 1941 congressional appropriation of $100,000 for restoration at President Roosevelt's behest; work halted after Pearl Harbor; 29 March 1942 shed collapse during a snowstorm further damaging the already-frail hull; postwar decision that she could not be restored; Navy contract with the Annapolis Yacht Yard to dismantle the remains in winter 1945-1946; salvaged timber used in a model presented to the Naval Academy Museum in 1948.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1921-1948
- Population
- Annapolis Yacht Yard work crews (1940-41; 1945-46 dismantling); USNA midshipmen and sailing crews (1921-1940)
- Limitations
- Documents yard periods, the 1940 hull inspection, the appropriation, and final disposition; contains no asbestos or materials specification. The only Navy-yard refit periods that could conceivably have added era-typical insulating materials (1922; halted 1940-41) are documented as events, not material records.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-america-ix41-03
-
[5]'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945 - IX Unclassified Vessels' register table (HyperWar/ibiblio mirror of U.S. Navy register data): row 'IX-41 | America | 1921 | 146 | Converted Yacht' [other_primary]
- Locator
- ships-ix.html table, row IX-41
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The unclassified-miscellaneous (IX) register table lists IX-41 as America, in commission 1921, displacement 146 tons, 'Converted Yacht' - corroborating the IX-41 designation and Navy custody during the 1940-45 register window.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1940-1945
- Limitations
- Compiled mirror table of official register data, not a hull file; the 146-ton displacement differs in basis from DANFS's 100-ton figure (not reconciled). Does not date the IX-41 assignment and contains no materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-america-ix41-04
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[6]National Archives Ship Plan Index: entries for AMERICA / IX-41, RG 19 - Aperture Cards (NAID 175660954) and Microfilm (NAID 175668087); see also RG 405 Superintendent correspondence and material-inspection records at USNA Nimitz Library cited by ev-uss-america-ix41-03 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA Ship Plan Index, rows AMERICA / IX-41 (NAIDs 175660954, 175668087)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA's Cartographic Ship Plan Index carries RG 19 (Bureau of Ships and predecessors) plan series for AMERICA, hull number IX-41, on aperture cards (NAID 175660954) and microfilm (NAID 175668087) - a documented archival path to hull-specific construction and repair records, including whatever the 1940-41 overhaul surveys specified.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1851-1946 records
- Limitations
- Index-level identification only; plan contents were not retrieved or examined. Existence of plan records is not evidence of any material aboard. The live index table renders in JavaScript; entries were located via the indexed page content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-america-ix41-05
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[7]CourtListener API v4 authenticated sweep (fleet helper): opinion search q="IX-41" returned 12 results, all string-fragment collisions (docket/exhibit identifiers in unrelated cases, e.g. Texas HHSC, Bimbo Bakeries, Lotus Dev. Corp. v. Borland); opinion search q="USS America" asbestos returned count 0; docket search q="USS America" blocked by fleet pacing at research time [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger sl-uss-america-ix41-07 through sl-uss-america-ix41-09
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No qualifying asbestos (or any) litigation naming this hull was located. Every 'IX-41' opinion hit was a non-vessel identifier collision; no opinion pairs 'USS America' with asbestos. 'USS America' is a high-collision vessel name (carrier CV-66; amphibious ship LHA-6; WWI transport ID-3006) - none of the located hits involved this schooner.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Bounded sweep of CourtListener's opinion index plus one blocked docket query; RECAP dockets were not fully swept (fleet pacing block is logged, not counted as a no-result). Ship names often appear in complaints rather than opinions, so a clean opinion sweep does not prove the hull was never named in a pleading. Not a merits finding on exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-america-ix41-06
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[8]Batch 4808 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS America I; NHHC photo NH 84192; USNA Nimitz Library SCA (RG 405-sourced); Naval Vessel Register IX-41 detail page; HyperWar IX register mirror; NARA Ship Plan Index; authenticated CourtListener opinion/docket searches [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-america-ix41-01 through sl-uss-america-ix41-09
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No ship-specific asbestos documentation located: no asbestos-containing-material survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming this hull appears in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The hull is an 1851 wooden sailing yacht with no documented propulsion machinery, built decades before marine asbestos insulation came into use, and was dismantled in 1945-46 - before both the asbestos-litigation era and ACM-survey practice.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Bounded negative result, not proof of absence: minor era materials (e.g., galley or heating insulation) during the 1922 restoration or halted 1940-41 overhaul cannot be excluded on the record available, and the vessel no longer exists to survey. Establishes nothing about individual exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-america-ix41-07