Evidence
6 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-6).
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[1]DANFS entry, USS Independence (CV-22/CVL-22), Vol. III (hazegray transcription; live NHHC page 404) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS CVL-22 entry + SDB1945v1.pdf CVL construction/machinery tables (keel 1 May 1941)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: 'The fourth Independence (CV-22), begun as Amsterdam (CL-59), was launched as CV-22 on 22 August 1942 by New York Shipbuilding Corp., Camden, N.J.; sponsored by Mrs. Rawleigh Warner; and commissioned 14 January 1943, Captain G. R. Fairlamb, Jr., in command.' BuShips Ships' Data 1945 CVL table gives the keel date: 1 May 1941 (contract 1 July 1940). 'The first of a new class of carriers converted from cruiser hulls'; shakedown Caribbean; Pacific Fleet via Panama, arriving San Francisco 3 July 1943; reclassified CVL-22 15 July 1943; Marcus Island raid; torpedoed off Tarawa 20 November 1943 (starboard-quarter hit), Funafuti repairs, then San Francisco January-July 1944; TF 38 strikes Okinawa/Formosa/Philippines; Leyte Gulf (planes helped sink MUSASHI); strikes on Formosa and Indo-China coast; Pearl Harbor repairs January-February 1945; Okinawa and home-island strikes to war's end. Bikini atomic-test target (within one-half mile of ground zero for the 1 July 1946 explosion; second test 25 July); decommissioned Kwajalein 28 August 1946; 'highly radioactive hulk' taken to Pearl Harbor and San Francisco for further tests; sunk in weapons tests off the coast of California 29 January 1951.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1941-1951
- Population
- Construction trades 1941-1943 (Camden); crew 1943-1946; test-custody personnel 1946-1951
- Limitations
- DANFS documents construction, conversion, service history, and disposal - not materials or asbestos content. Mirror transcription cited because the live NHHC page returns 404; transcription is verbatim DANFS text. DANFS gives no precise reclassification date for CL-59->CV-22 (early 1942 reorder program; sister hulls' documented reclass dates run 16 February-2 June 1942).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amsterdam-cl59-01
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[2]NHHC Online Library of Selected Images, USS Independence (CVL-22) page (official Naval Historical Center narrative + photo catalog) [other_primary]
- Locator
- https://ibiblio.org/hyperwar/OnlineLibrary/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-i/cvl22.htm
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC Online Library narrative for this hull: an 11,000-ton Independence-class small aircraft carrier built at Camden, New Jersey; 'converted to a carrier before launching and commissioned in January 1943 with the hull number CV-22'; reclassified CVL-22 July 1943; torpedoed off Tarawa November 1943; Leyte Gulf; Bikini atomic tests 1946; decommissioned August 1946; radioactive-hulk test program; sunk off California January 1951.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1943-1951
- Population
- Crew and custody personnel 1943-1951
- Limitations
- Official NHHC narrative page corroborating DANFS at summary level; contains no asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amsterdam-cl59-02
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[3]DANFS entry, USS Amsterdam (CL-101), Vol. A - name-successor note (hazegray transcription) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS CL-101 entry; batch-50 record uss-amsterdam-cl101.atlas.json
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Name-reuse documentation: after the first Amsterdam (CL-59) was reordered on the ways as carrier Independence (CVL-22), the name was reassigned to a second Amsterdam (CL-101) - a Newport News-built Cleveland-class light cruiser launched 25 April 1944 and commissioned 8 January 1945 (covered by its own Atlas record, uss-amsterdam-cl101). 'USS Amsterdam' appearing in 1945-era operational or litigation contexts without a hull number is more likely CL-101 than the CL-59 hull (which was already the carrier Independence).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1941-1945
- Limitations
- Attribution aid only - prevents confusing this record's hull with the commissioned name-successor cruiser; carries no exposure weight for either hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amsterdam-cl59-03
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[4]BuShips Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 1 (1 January 1945), CVL construction/machinery tables (INDEPENDENCE Ex-CL-59: keel 1 May 1941; 4 shafts, 100,000 shp, 4 B&W boilers, 565 psi/850 deg F, GE turbines) + BuShips Technical Manual NAVSHIPS 250-000 ch. 39 'Thermal Insulation' (1960) + Atlas shipyard dataset [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v1.pdf CVL-22 construction/machinery rows; NAVSHIPS 250-000 ch. 39 (scan via Garlock bankruptcy repository); DANFS entry; shipyards.json records; cleveland-class.class.json
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era inference: Cleveland-design cruiser-hull construction (4 Babcock & Wilcox boilers; 4 GE geared steam turbines; 100,000 shp; 4 shafts per Ships' Data CVL-22 row) at New York Shipbuilding Corp., Camden, 1941-1943 falls in the documented Navy asbestos-insulation era; the 1960 BuShips Technical Manual insulation chapter enumerates the era-standard suite - 85%-magnesia (~15% asbestos) and amosite-fiber pipe covering, asbestos felt, chrysotile cloth/tape lagging, asbestos millboard, finishing cement, and molded asbestos block. Documented disturbance periods for this hull: builder conversion period 1941-42 at Camden (cruiser hull reordered to carrier configuration - major structural/plant work); San Francisco repair period January-July 1944 after the Tarawa torpedo hit; Pearl Harbor repairs January-February 1945; Bikini/test-custody 1946-51. The completed hull's operational exposure profile belongs to the Independence-class CVL-22 record; this row characterizes construction-era context only.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1941-1951
- Population
- Construction trades 1941-1943; repair-yard workers 1944-1945; crew 1943-1946
- Limitations
- Class/era specification and yard-period inference only - no ship-specific asbestos record exists for this hull (ev-05); this row must not be read as establishing that asbestos products were or remain aboard. Does not quantify material; insulation disturbance at documented yard periods is inference from work scope, not a documented abatement record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amsterdam-cl59-04
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[5]Batch-58 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS + Online Library + BuShips Ships' Data; CourtListener ship-name and hull-number queries (API throttled - blocked); web-search litigation mitigation; NVR; museum/disclosure sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-amsterdam-cl59-01 through sl-uss-amsterdam-cl59-07
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located under either hull identity: CourtListener API queries ('USS Amsterdam'/'CL-59'; 'USS Independence'/'CVL-22' asbestos) could not be executed - the shared-IP daily rate cap (125/day) was already exhausted and returned HTTP 429 (see search_ledger sl-uss-amsterdam-cl59-04); web-search mitigation surfaced only law-firm and marketing ship-list pages (excluded as non-authoritative) and no qualifying court record naming either identity; and no hull ACM survey, abatement contract, sinking/test hazmat disclosure (Bikini radiological program documentation does not address asbestos), NVR entry, or museum record with asbestos data was found. Attribution caveat: 'USS Amsterdam' litigation hits would most plausibly attach to the commissioned CL-101 cruiser; 'USS Independence' hits attach to this completed hull (CVL-22) or collide with the Forrestal-class CVA-62.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 2026-09-18
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - it establishes only that no qualifying ship-specific documentation was found in the searched repositories. The CourtListener sweep is INCOMPLETE for this batch (API throttled); the ledger logs the block honestly rather than claiming a completed search. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amsterdam-cl59-05
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[6]National Archives and Records Administration, Record Group 19 (Bureau of Ships) - New York Shipbuilding Camden contract and conversion records (1941-42 CL->CVL reorder program); undigitized [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA RG 19 (Records of the Bureau of Ships); NY Shipbuilding Camden contract files; Operation Crossroads records
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival lead only: NARA RG 19 holds BuShips contract and conversion-design records for the early-1942 Cleveland-hull-to-carrier reorder program (nine CL-design hulls converted to Independence-class CVLs), plus Camden builder's specifications for this hull; Bikini/radiological test records sit in separate Operation Crossroads series. Not digitized; no asbestos-specific content is asserted.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1941-1951
- Limitations
- Lead only - not reviewed. No finding of asbestos content is made or implied; the existence of records does not establish that they contain materials data.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-amsterdam-cl59-06