Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]DANFS, Anderson (DD-411) (builder, dates, full service narrative, Crossroads assignment, sinking, striking; verbatim transcription - live NHHC page serves 404) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry, specifications block + full service narrative
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: laid down 15 November 1937 at Kearny, N.J., by Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Co.; launched 4 February 1939 (sponsored by Mrs. Mertie Loraine Anderson, widow of Rear Adm. Edwin A. Anderson, Jr., MoH, Veracruz 1914); delivered at New York Navy Yard 18 May 1939; commissioned 19 May 1939 - first Sims-class ship in commission; Lt. Comdr. William M. Hobby, Jr., in command. Spec block: dp. 1,620; l. 347'11"; b. 36'1"; dr. 13'4"; s. 38.7 k.; cpl. 251; a. 5 5", 4 .50-cal. mg., 8 21" tt., 2 dct. Prewar: shakedown incl. Montreal at outbreak of European war; neutrality patrol; DesDiv 3 flagship (1940-41); Los Angeles Shipbuilding overhaul (Dec 1940-Jan 1941); Mare Island availability (Apr 1941); Atlantic transfer Jun 1941; Boston Navy Yard refit Jul-Aug 1941 (No. 3 5-inch mount removed, .50-cal/Y-gun/depth-charge additions); Iceland convoy escort; Charleston Navy Yard Dec 1941 (.50-cal replaced by 20mm). Pacific war: TF 17 Yorktown screen - Lae-Salamaua, Coral Sea (Lexington screen, rescued 377), Midway (claimed two planes downed; rescued 204 Yorktown survivors), Eastern Solomons/Santa Cruz (Hornet screen, rescued 246), Guadalcanal ops; Aleutians (Kiska bombardments Aug 1943); Tarawa fire support Nov 1943; Wotje bombardment 30 Jan 1944 - shell hit CIC killing CO Lt. Comdr. John G. Tennent III, two ensigns, three enlisted (14 wounded); uncharted-pinnacle grounding 1 Feb 1944; Pearl Harbor repairs to 15 Jun 1944; Cape Sansapor, Morotai, Leyte (kamikaze hit 1 Nov 1944 - 14 dead, 22 wounded, two later died); San Francisco repairs from 9 Dec 1944; TG 92.2 Aleutians/Kurils 1945; occupation northern Honshu (Ominato) to 30 Oct 1945; San Diego 1 Dec 1945; Pearl Harbor 3 Jan 1946; assigned JTF-1 15 May 1946; Bikini 30 May 1946; sunk by Test Able 1 July (DANFS prints '1945' - a typographical error for 1946); struck from Naval Vessel Register 25 September 1946; ten battle stars.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1937-1946
- Population
- Federal Shipbuilding construction trades 1937-39; wartime crew (design complement ~192; wartime complement higher); Crossroads-assigned crew 105 (DNA 6032F)
- Limitations
- DANFS documents service history and specifications, not materials or asbestos content. Its 'On 1 July 1945' printing for the Able sinking is a typographical error - Test Able was 1 July 1946 (DNA 6032F, NPS SCRU-37, USNI all read 1946). Live NHHC DANFS page returns 404; verbatim HyperWar/ibiblio transcription cited. Yard availabilities are documented as events; any asbestos scope within them is inference.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-anderson-dd411-01
-
[2]NPS Submerged Cultural Resources Unit, Delgado, Lenihan & Murphy, 'The Archeology of the Atomic Bomb: A Submerged Cultural Resources Assessment of the Sunken Fleet of Operation Crossroads' (SCRU Professional Papers No. 37, 1991), ch. 3 'Ship's Histories - USS Anderson (DD-411)' and ch. 2 target array [nps]
- Locator
- NPS SCRU-37 ch. 3, 'USS Anderson (DD-411)' section (Characteristics + History); ch. 2 'The Able Test' (Anderson listed first in sunk-by-Able roster)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NPS government wreck assessment names this hull: welded-steel Sims-class destroyer (third of twelve; 'last of the single stackers'), 348.3 ft oa, 36.1 ft beam, 1,720 tons standard; twin screws driven by Westinghouse steam turbines and THREE oil-fired Babcock & Wilcox boilers, 50,000 shp at 35 kt. Stripped at Pearl Harbor January-May 1946 in preparation for target duty; steamed to Bikini with Saratoga, arriving 30 May 1946; moored close to the Able zeropoint. Post-Able: superstructure badly damaged, stack toppled, fire abaft the bridge reflashed as munitions detonated - the only shipboard-munitions detonation of the tests; capsized to port and sank by the stern. Navy divers found her in 176 ft on her port side, bow embedded, stern 15 ft off bottom; starboard hull wrinkled with leaking seams; BuShips determined blast damage plus post-blast fire/explosion sank her. Post-kamikaze repairs at Hunters Point (San Francisco) December 1944-May 1945 per the ship-history narrative. Postwar San Diego arrival dated 8 November 1945 (vs. DANFS 1 December) and November 14 retention order quoted from ship's service record; stricken 25 September 1946; bell and nameplate presented to Anderson, S.C.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1937-1946 (history); 1989-1991 (NPS assessment)
- Population
- 1946 Navy diving/inspection personnel; Bikini wreck dive operations
- Limitations
- Ship-specific hull documentation (construction, damage survey, disposition) - but the damage record is blast/structural, not a hazardous-materials survey; the NPS wreck work addressed archeology/radiological context, not asbestos. Minor conflicts with DANFS (San Diego arrival 8 Nov vs 1 Dec 1945; casualty counts) carried in gaps. Live npshistory.com serves 403 to automated fetch; Wayback capture used.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-anderson-dd411-02
-
[3]Defense Nuclear Agency, 'Operation CROSSROADS-1946' (DNA 6032F, Nuclear Test Personnel Review series, KT-83-006(R)), ship-history appendix entry 'USS ANDERSON (DD-411)' and target-ship-sunk table [other_primary]
- Locator
- DNA 6032F ship appendix 'USS ANDERSON (DD-411)' block (crew 105, berth 186, sunk 1 July 1946, crew never returned); Table 11 'Target ships sunk at CROSSROADS' (ABLE column); crew-dose table row for USS Anderson
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official DoD test-series report names this hull: Anderson was a target vessel in Destroyer Division 1, TU 1.2.3 (Destroyer Unit), instrumented with deck microphones; crew size 105, transferred to support ships (USS Rockbridge APA-33 / USS Bayfield APA-228 for Able; USS Ajax AR-6 for Baker) before the shot and never returned aboard; Shot Able position berth 186, Bikini anchorage, 750 yards (695 m) south of surface zero; 'Shot ABLE sank Anderson'; sunk 1 July 1946, Bikini Atoll; diving operations were conducted later to examine the ship. Personnel-dose table records the hull's crew of 105 with a support-ship dose of 0.192 rem gamma and 'Sank at ABLE' (no post-Baker boarding). Target-ships-sunk table (Table 11) lists USS Anderson (DD-411) among the five vessels sunk by Able.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1946 (tests); report published 1984
- Population
- 105-man crew assigned to the target vessel at Crossroads (evacuated pre-Able; measured support-ship gamma dose 0.192 rem); 42,000-man JTF-1 population context
- Limitations
- Radiological-safety and test-effects documentation, not a materials or asbestos record - it documents the hull's role, crew disposition, and sinking, and records the crew's radiological exposure context. Report emphasis is personnel gamma dose; nothing in it addresses asbestos.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-anderson-dd411-03
-
[4]U.S. Naval Institute, Naval History magazine, 'Bombshell at Bikini' (August 1996) [reputable_press]
- Locator
- USNI Naval History Aug. 1996, 'Bombshell at Bikini,' Able-test damage narrative
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Professional-institution press account corroborates this hull's loss sequence: the Able blast 'tore and twisted the superstructure and collapsed the stack of the destroyer Anderson (DD-411)'; fire aft of the bridge reflashed nine seconds post-detonation as ammunition exploded in two blasts; burning fiercely, Anderson 'capsized to port and sank by the stem within seven minutes.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1946
- Limitations
- Secondary corroboration of the sinking mechanics already documented by DNA 6032F and NPS - adds no materials or asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-anderson-dd411-04
-
[5]NavSource Naval History, USS Anderson (DD-411) page - spec block, operational/building data, fate line (Wayback capture 2025-01-23; live host blocks automated fetch) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource DD-411 page header block (specs, building data, fate)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource compiled record for this hull: Class Sims as built; displacement 2,313 tons full; dimensions 348'4" oa x 36' x 12'10" max; armament 5 x 5"/38AA, 4 x .50 MG, 8 x 21" tt (2x4); machinery 50,000 shp, Westinghouse turbines, 2 screws; speed 35 kt; range 6,500 nm at 12 kt; crew 192. Building data: laid down Federal Shipbuilding, Kearny NJ, 15 Nov 1937; launched 4 Feb 1939; commissioned 19 May 1939. Fate: 'Sunk in Atomic Bomb Test at Bikini Atoll July 1 1946. Stricken September 24 1946.' Radio call sign NECB.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1937-1946
- Population
- Design complement 192; Crossroads-assigned crew 105
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation used for cross-check only; 'Stricken September 24 1946' conflicts with DANFS/NPS 25 September (carried in gaps); 'crew 192' reflects design complement vs. DANFS spec block 251. NavSource is a volunteer-compiled photo archive - supportive corroboration, not a primary source.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-anderson-dd411-05
-
[6]Atlas shipyard dataset record 'federal-shipbuilding-kearny' (tier 2): Owens-Illinois Industrial Health Survey of Federal Shipbuilding & Drydock Co., Kearny NJ, 30 Aug-2 Sep 1944 (J-M Superex pipe covering; asbestos insulation work documented); Sims-class machinery plant per class GIB and NPS SCRU-37 [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipyards.json record 'federal-shipbuilding-kearny' (Owens-Illinois IHS exhibit, toxicdocs.org); NPS SCRU-37 characteristics block; class GIB machinery tables
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/yard inference: a Sims-class destroyer built 1937-39 with three 665-psi oil-fired Babcock & Wilcox boilers and Westinghouse geared turbines (50,000 shp, 2 shafts) would have carried period-standard asbestos insulation, steam-line lagging, gaskets, packing, fireproofing, and deck coverings. Builder Federal Shipbuilding & Drydock (Kearny) is documented at yard level in the Atlas dataset (evidence_tier 2): an August-September 1944 Owens-Illinois industrial health survey recorded insulators cutting and fitting Johns-Manville Superex asbestos pipe covering and boiler insulation in confined spaces at that yard.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1937-1946 (construction/service window); 1944 (yard survey)
- Population
- Federal Shipbuilding construction trades 1937-39; Navy crew 1939-46
- Limitations
- Class/era and builder-yard inference only - no source located names asbestos aboard DD-411 itself. The Kearny survey (Aug-Sep 1944) postdates this hull's construction (Nov 1937-May 1939) by five-plus years; it documents the yard's wartime asbestos products, not this ship's construction bill of materials. No materials schedule for this hull was located.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-anderson-dd411-06
-
[7]General Information Book, USS Sims (DD-409) and USS Hughes (DD-410), Bureau of Ships, Navy Department - class construction/equipment document (scan hosted by the Destroyer History Foundation) [other_primary]
- Locator
- 409sims_GIBook.pdf (14 pp. excerpt): Section A-1 hull data; Propelling Machinery boiler serials and turbine tables (local OCR; image-only scan)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Class primary document (sister hulls only): the Sims/Hughes General Information Book (Bureau of Ships, 1940) documents the class machinery plant to which era inference attaches - three Babcock & Wilcox oil-fired Express boilers at 665 psi working pressure (serial items listed per hull) feeding Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. cross-compound impulse-reaction turbines, two shafts - but the 14-page published excerpt (hull data, propelling machinery tables) contains no insulation, lagging, packing, gasket, or material-schedule section (verified by local OCR of the image-only scan).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1940
- Population
- Sims-class design/construction reference population (class context)
- Limitations
- Class/sister-ship document, not this hull's book - Anderson (DD-411) was built at Federal Shipbuilding, Kearny, and would have its own hull GIB (not located online; NARA RG 19 is the lead). The excerpt's silence on insulation neither supports nor denies asbestos content; it only documents the class machinery type.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-anderson-dd411-07
-
[8]UNESCO World Heritage List, 'Bikini Atoll Nuclear Test Site' (property 1339, inscribed 2010; via Wayback capture 2025-12-19 - live unesco.org serves 403 to automated fetch) [other_primary]
- Locator
- UNESCO WHL property 1339 description ('sunken ships sent to the bottom of the lagoon by the tests in 1946')
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- The wreck's resting place is inside an inscribed World Heritage property: UNESCO listing 1339 identifies 'the sunken ships sent to the bottom of the lagoon by the tests in 1946' as the site's direct tangible evidence of the nuclear age. Anderson lies among those sunken hulls, on her port side in ~176 ft of lagoon water (NPS SCRU-37); the wreck is a diveable site under Bikini Atoll local-government jurisdiction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1946-present (inscription 2010)
- Population
- Bikini lagoon wreck divers/researchers (present-day access under Kili/Bikini/Ejit local government)
- Limitations
- Jurisdictional/context row only - explains why no modern hazmat/abatement record exists for the hull (intact sunken-war-era wreck inside a protected test site). Nothing in the listing documents asbestos aboard the wreck or its absence.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-anderson-dd411-08
-
[9]NARA record groups: RG 24 deck logs 1939-46 (incl. pre-sinking entries); RG 374 - Director of Ship Material, Joint Task Force One, 'Bureau of Ships Report, Technical Inspection Report, USS Anderson (DD411), Test Able' (cited in NPS SCRU-37 footnotes 84-85, 94); RG 19 BuShips construction records incl. any DD-411 General Information Book; NHHC Ships' History Branch ship jacket (incl. Bruton-Carpenter memo of 17 Jun 1946 on bell/nameplate disposition) [other_primary]
- Locator
- https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/024.html (RG 24 ship logs); NPS SCRU-37 ch.3 footnotes 84-85, 94 (RG 374 BuShips Technical Inspection Report, USS Anderson DD411, Test Able); https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/019.html (RG 19)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): (a) NARA RG 24 'Logbooks of U.S. Navy ships and stations' - DD-411 deck logs 1939-1946; (b) the BuShips post-Able technical inspection report on this specific hull (RG 374, JTF-1 records, pp. 5-9 cited verbatim in the NPS report) - a hull-specific condition document that may carry material descriptions; (c) NARA RG 19 BuShips/BuC&R construction records and the DD-411 GIB if extant (the DD-409/410 class GIB excerpt is the located surrogate); (d) NARA still-picture holdings and the NHHC Ships' History Branch jacket for this hull (ship's service record used by NPS).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1937-1946 records
- Limitations
- Record-group/collection mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for DD-411 is unknown until surveyed. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-anderson-dd411-09
-
[10]CourtListener API v4 authenticated sweep: 'USS Anderson' type=o (0 hits); 'U.S.S. Anderson' type=o (0 hits); 'DD-411' type=o (0 hits); 'aboard the Anderson' type=o (1 hit, name collision - Vandekreeke v. USS Great Lakes Fleet, E.D. Mich. 2001, 'the Anderson' a vessel of defendant United States Steel's commercial Great Lakes fleet, not a Navy hull); 'USS Anderson' type=r (1 docket: McCue v. General Electric Co., N.D. Cal. 3:08-cv-03181, asbestos PI); 'DD-411' type=r (6 dockets, all non-ship token collisions) [court_record]
- Locator
- CL docket 4174531 (McCue v. General Electric, N.D. Cal. 3:08-cv-03181), ECF No. 1 complaint (82 pp.); 'DD-411' type=r hits: Andrews v. D'Souza (gand, DD_000411 exhibit label), B. Braun v. Terumo (ded), U.S. v. Avery (mdd), U.S. v. Property (nysd), Gambers v. Crown Paradise (nysd), NYT v. Microsoft (nysd) - all non-vessel tokens
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener sweep (authenticated API v4 via cl-auth-search.py, 2026-09-27). Opinion index: 'USS Anderson', 'U.S.S. Anderson', and 'DD-411' each returned ZERO hits - no published opinion names this hull in any context. 'aboard the Anderson' returned one hit that is a NAME COLLISION: Vandekreeke v. USS Great Lakes Fleet, Inc., 172 F. Supp. 2d 907 (E.D. Mich. 2001), a maritime personal-injury case in which 'the Anderson' is a vessel of defendant USS Great Lakes Fleet, Inc. (United States Steel's commercial lake fleet - USS here is a corporate abbreviation, not a Navy prefix) - not asbestos, not this vessel. Docket/RECAP index: 'USS Anderson' returned one docket - McCue v. General Electric Company, 3:08-cv-03181 (N.D. Cal., filed 2008-07-02, terminated 2016-06-13; Diversity-Asbestos; Brayton Purcell for plaintiffs; defendants incl. General Electric, United States Steel Corp., Kaiser Ventures, Newport News Shipbuilding) - in which the phrase 'USS Anderson' appears in indexed filing content (82-page complaint + exhibit, ECF No. 1). DD-411 is the only Navy hull ever named USS Anderson, so if the reference is to the vessel it is this hull - but whether it names the decedent's exposure vessel, a general ship list, or another context is unresolvable from returned payloads. 'DD-411' type=r returned 6 dockets / 64 documents, all token collisions (e.g., 'DD_000411' Bates/exhibit labels in unrelated voting-rights, patent, criminal, forfeiture, and copyright matters). Classification: NO qualifying asbestos litigation for DD-411 located; one unresolvable asbestos-docket mention (McCue) logged as archival lead, not elevated to a finding.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 2008-2016 (McCue litigation); sweep 2026-09-27
- Population
- McCue decedent (WWII-era Navy service per asbestos-PI posture; specific service window not readable from index); DD-411 crew window would be 1939-1946
- Limitations
- Sweep result, not a merits finding: opinion-index coverage supports 'no published opinion names USS Anderson', but pleadings naming the hull without a published opinion would not surface at type=o. The McCue filing's use of 'USS Anderson' could not be document-level verified this session (phrase sits inside indexed complaint text; RECAP full-text pull deferred - fleet pacing constraints). If McCue does name DD-411 as an exposure site, it would still be a pleading-stage allegation only - unadjudicated.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-anderson-dd411-10
-
[11]Batch-3397 search ledger (this record): DANFS via HyperWar/ibiblio + hazegray mirror; NPS SCRU-37 via Wayback; DNA 6032F via govinfo/archive.org OCR; NavSource via Wayback; USNI Naval History; Sims/Hughes class GIB (Destroyer History Foundation); UNESCO WHL 1339; CourtListener name/hull/docket sweeps; general-web asbestos-mention check; Atlas shipyards.json cross-check [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-anderson-dd411-01 through sl-uss-anderson-dd411-13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, materials schedule, court finding, or published asbestos opinion naming USS Anderson DD-411 was found in the sources searched (see search_ledger). The disposition record itself limits what could exist: the hull was stripped at Pearl Harbor in early 1946 and sunk as a target in Bikini lagoon on 1 July 1946 - there was no mothballing, postwar overhaul, scrapping, or museum program under which asbestos documentation would typically be generated for this hull, and the sunken wreck has never been hazardous-materials surveyed in any public record located.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 2026-09-27
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1937-39 steam destroyer is era-consistent with asbestos-containing insulation, lagging, gaskets, packing, and fireproofing, and the wreck is unsurveyed. This row records that no ship-specific documentation was located; it does not establish presence or absence, exposure, or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-anderson-dd411-11