USS Anthedon (AS-24)

Evidence

10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).

1. [1]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 3 (NAVSHIPS 250-012, 1945), auxiliaries - submarine tenders (AS) section, per-hull rows for ANTHEDON AS24 (shipscribe.com scan of the official BuShips publication) [other_primary]

   Locator

   SDB1945v3 AS tables pp. 372-377 (dimensions p. 372; displacement/personnel p. 373; machinery pp. 374-375; armament p. 376; construction p. 377); front index 'AS24 ANTHEDON'; M.C. hull cross-index entry for hull 858 (pp. ~722-725)

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   Official BuShips Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 3 (NAVSHIPS 250-012, 1945) carries per-hull rows for ANTHEDON AS24 across the AUXILIARIES-SUBMARINE TENDERS (AS) tables: 492'0" overall / 465'0" pp; beam 69'6"; trial speed 18.4 knots on 11,760-ton trial displacement; limiting displacement 16,500 tons with 27'0" limiting draft; personnel 82 officers + 1,378 enlisted; boom capacity 30 tons; machinery 1 Westinghouse turbine, 8,500 hp, single screw, with 2 Foster-Wheeler 'D'-type boilers at 465 psi / 765 deg F; armament 1 x 5"/38 cal (D.P.) + 4 x 3"/50 cal (D.P.) + 2 twin 40mm AA; construction row - Ingalls S.B. Co., Pascagoula, Miss., acquired/first commission 17 Dec 43, launched 1943, full commission 15 Sept 44. Index lists 'AS24 ANTHEDON' under SUBMARINE TENDERS; M.C. hull cross-index maps 'M.C. Hull 858 (now Anthedon)' to AS24.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-26

   Study period

   1945

   Limitations

   Authoritative wartime BuShips publication naming this hull - confirms identity, machinery plant, manning, builder, and commissioning. OCR of the scanned table is columnar and partially garbled; values cross-verified against DANFS, NavSource, and shipscribe (the Westinghouse turbine reading agrees with NavSource's spec block and shipscribe's class machinery line; Wikipedia's infobox 'General Electric' claim conflicts and is not carried - logged in gaps). Contains no materials, insulation, or asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-anthedon-as24-01

2. [2]DANFS, 'Anthedon (AS-24)' entry, Naval History and Heritage Command (published 2020-04-02; live NHHC URL returns 404 - verbatim text retrieved via Internet Archive Wayback capture 20251209190034) [nhhc_danfs]

   Locator

   DANFS entry body text + spec block + photo caption (Wayback capture 20251209190034)

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   NHHC DANFS records: 'Anthedon (AS-24) was laid down on 6 May 1943 under a Maritime Commission contract (MC hull 858) at Pascagoula, Miss., by the Ingalls Shipbuilding Co.; launched on 15 October 1943; sponsored by Mrs. William M. Colmer; acquired by the Navy and commissioned on 17 December 1943; turned over to the Todd Shipbuilding Co. for conversion and decommissioned on 30 December 1943; and recommissioned on 15 September 1944, Comdr. Richard E. Hawes in command.' After commissioning she loaded provisions and ammunition at the New York Navy Yard and took on submarine spare parts at New London; departed New London 11 Oct 1944, transited the Panama Canal 17 Oct, arrived Fremantle, Australia 17 Nov 1944, and 'spent three months at that port carrying out refits and voyage repairs on submarines returning from war patrols.' Departed Fremantle 12 Feb 1945 via Brisbane and Hollandia; reached Subic Bay 13 Mar 1945 and remained through the rest of the war 'servicing numerous submarines as well as the destroyer escorts operating from Subic Bay.' Post-capitulation: returned to Fremantle 10 Sep 1945 to assist dismantling the submarine repair unit; back to Subic Bay 14 Oct; departed for home 1 Nov via Hawaii and the Panama Canal (transited 20 Nov); Norfolk 5 Dec; then New London; drydocked at Bayonne, N.J., 15 Dec 1945 'for the repair of a crack in her hull'; back at New London 22 Dec. Jan-Feb 1946 'assisted submarines preparing for deactivation'; commenced own deactivation 1 Mar 1946; 'placed out of commission, in reserve, at New London on 21 September 1946. Her name was struck from the Navy list sometime in late 1968 or early 1969. She was sold to Turkey on 7 February 1969 and served the Turkish Navy as Donatan (A-583).' Spec block: dp. 16,500; l. 492'; b. 69'6"; dr. 27'; s. 18.4 k.; cpl. 1,460; a. 1 5", 4 3", 4 40mm.; cl. Aegir; T. C3-S-A2. NHHC photo caption on the entry: 'Anthedon (AS-24), 24 September 1944, in Measure 32, design 12F camouflage: haze green, Navy green, and dull black... (80-G-282463).'

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-26

   Study period

   1943-1969

   Limitations

   Primary Navy historical entry - authoritative for identity, construction, service history, and custody chain. Contains no asbestos or materials information; supports no asbestos claim. Live NHHC page 404s (standing link rot, cf. BATCH-01); the Wayback capture is the verbatim NHHC text. The entry's stricken date is itself hedged ('sometime in late 1968 or early 1969') and conflicts with shipscribe's register-compiled 1 Sep 61 - discrepancy logged in gaps. Conversion-yard name as printed ('Todd Shipbuilding Co.') varies from NavSource 'Todd Ship Yards Corp.' and shipscribe 'Todd Shipyards (ex Tietjen & Lang), Hoboken' - same yard, naming variance only.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-anthedon-as24-02

3. [3]NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive - USS Anthedon (AS-24), file 09/36/3624, plus companion awards PDF 3624a.pdf [other_primary]

   Locator

   NavSource 3624.htm - timeline, specifications block, commanding-officer table, photo captions (80-G-282464 / 80-G-282463 / 80-G-0863), TCG Donathan photo block; https://www.navsource.net/archives/09/36/pdf/3624a.pdf - awards list

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   NavSource Service Ship Photo Archive file 09/36/3624 corroborates DANFS and adds detail: reduced commission 17 Dec 1943 under LCDR James H. Budd, USNR (Ferry Crew #4) 'for passage to her conversion yard at Hoboken, N.J.'; decommissioned 30 Dec 1943 and 'turned over to Todd Ship Yards Corp., Hoboken, N.J. for conversion to a Submarine Tender'; full commission 15 Sep 1944 (CDR Richard E. Hawes); WWII Asiatic-Pacific assignment; decommissioned 21 Sep 1946 at New London, laid up Atlantic Reserve Fleet; struck c.1968-1969; sold to Turkey 7 Feb 1969 as TCG Donathan (A-583); scrapped, date unknown. Spec block: 16,500 t (fl); 492' x 69'6" x 27'; 18.4 kt trial; complement 82 officers + 1,378 enlisted; 30-t boom; armament 1 x 5"/38 DP, 4 x 3"/50 DP, 2 twin 40mm AA, 20 x 20mm AA; diesel fuel 20,300 bbls; propulsion - one Westinghouse geared turbine, two Foster-Wheeler D-type boilers 465 psi/765 deg, double Westinghouse main reduction gear, four turbo-drive 300 kW 120/240V DC ship's-service generators, single propeller 8,500 shp. CO table: Budd (ferry) 17-30 Dec 1943; Hawes 15 Sep 1944-28 Oct 1945 (post-Hawes command to decommissioning not listed). Photo captions document NARA negatives 80-G-282464 (underway near New York Navy Yard, 24 Sep 1944), 80-G-282463 (Measure 32/12F camouflage, 24 Sep 1944), and 80-G-0863 (moored pierside at U.S. Submarine Base Fremantle refitting Pacific Fleet submarines, 26 Jan 1945); Turkish-service photos show TCG Donathan at the Golcuk repair base drydock and underway in the Bosphorus in 1985. Companion NavSource PDF (Tyrrell compilation, submitted 2011-03-21) lists awards: American Campaign Medal; Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal; World War II Victory Medal; Philippine Liberation Medal (service in Philippine waters 30+ days in period 17 Oct 1944-02 Sep 1945; Subic Bay 13 Mar-31 Aug 1945).

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-26

   Study period

   1943-1985

   Limitations

   Specialist secondary compilation - detailed but non-official; consistent with NHHC DANFS and BuShips SDB on machinery (Westinghouse), dates, and complement. The commanding-officer table lists only Hawes' commissioned tenure; the commanding officer(s) from 28 Oct 1945 to decommissioning are undocumented in this source - logged in gaps. Turkish-name spelling 'Donathan' differs from DANFS 'Donatan' and shipscribe 'DONATIN' - variance logged in gaps. Contains no asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-anthedon-as24-03

4. [4]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - ANTHEDON (AS-24), Ship History Detail 277, incl. scanned vessel status card (ANTHEDON.pdf, document f23f552e-edb0-46e0-b530-114697dc0243) [marad_nrc]

   Locator

   ShipHistory Detail 277 registry block, milestone table, documents tab (ANTHEDON.pdf status-card scan, 2 pp., read from card image at 150 dpi)

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   MARAD ShipHistory registry record for this hull: Year Built 1943; Shipyard 'Ingalls Shipbuilding Corporation'; General Type Naval Auxiliary; Specific Type 'AS Submarine Tender'; MARAD Type C3-S-A2; length 492.00 ft; beam 69.50 ft; gross tons 7,900; Fate 'Sold - Foreign Flag Op.'; milestones - Entry 8/31/1960, Acquisition 8/31/1960, Disposition 2/13/1969, Withdrawal 2/13/1969. The attached scanned vessel status card (ANTHEDON.pdf) records the custody chain in five entries: Ingalls Shipbldg. Corp. -> U.S. Maritime Commission at 10:00 A.M. (CWT) 12-17-43, port of delivery 'Decatur, Ala.', basis 'New'; U.S. Maritime Commission -> Navy Department, same date/time, basis 'Purch.'; Navy Department -> Reserve Fleet, 8/31/60, Hudson River, basis 'Navy/LU (Custody)'; Navy Dept. (M.A. Fleet Cust.) -> Maritime Admin., 8:00 AM EDST 9-1-62, Hudson River, basis 'LU (Cust.)'; Maritime Administration -> Dept. of Navy, 2-7-69, basis 'Perm. Tr.' - the same date as the documented Turkey sale, with MARAD withdrawal logged 13 Feb 1969.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-26

   Study period

   1943-1969

   Population

   NDRF Hudson River caretaker workforce (1960-1969)

   Limitations

   Authoritative MARAD registry plus a scanned status card read from the card image (typed entries legible; OCR otherwise garbled). Contains no asbestos, materials, or condition-survey information; supports no asbestos claim. The card's 12-17-43 'port of delivery' reads 'Decatur, Ala.' - the corporate contracting seat of Ingalls Shipbuilding Corp. rather than the Pascagoula build yard; recorded verbatim. Registry 'Acquisition 8/31/1960' corresponds to NDRF entry under Navy ownership; legal title passed to MARAD on 9-1-62 per the card's fourth entry - the registry milestone table does not distinguish the two custody stages.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-anthedon-as24-04

5. [5]Shipscribe U.S. Navy auxiliary ships data sheets, 'USS Aegir (AS-23) Class' page (Stephen S. Roberts compilation from Navy registers, BuShips/SCB design records, and MARAD files) [other_primary]

   Locator

   AS-23 class page: characteristics block, construction table, disposition table, ship notes (AS-24 row), class notes (C3-S-A2 substitution; conversion-plan lineage; forecastle-deckhouse extension)

   Finding type

   vessel_history

   Finding

   Ship-design compilation naming this hull in the class tables: ANTHEDON (AS-24), MC hull 858, acquired 17 Dec 43; keel 6 May 43; launched 15 Oct 43; commissioned 15 Sep 44; decommissioned 21 Sep 46; strike 1 Sep 61; disposal 7 Feb 69 by transfer; ship note - 'Delivered incomplete. Ferry comm. 17-30 Dec 43. Converted by Todd Shipyards (ex Tietjen & Lang), Hoboken, N.J. In USN reserve 1946-60. To NDRF 31 Aug 60, to MA 1 Sep 62, from MA 7 Feb 69. Trf. to Turkey as DONATIN. Stk. by Turkey 1985.' Class-level context (AEGIR class, FY 1943, MC C3-S-A2 design; 7,728 t light / 16,500 t limiting; Westinghouse turbine, 1 screw, 8,500 HP, 18.4 kts): the Navy substituted four Ingalls MC C3-S-A2 hulls (856, 858, 860, 861) for a planned Tacoma AS build; the hulls were 'delivered incomplete to the Navy between November 1943 and February 1944 and ferried to repair yards in the New York area for conversion'; conversion working plans for AS 23-26 were adapted by the Philadelphia Navy Yard from the Gibbs & Cox-designed AS-22 (Euryale) conversion plans; and in August 1943 BuShips extended the forecastle deckhouse aft to add crew berthing space.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-26

   Study period

   1943-1985

   Population

   Ingalls Pascagoula construction workforce (1943); Todd Hoboken conversion workforce (Dec 1943-Sep 1944); NDRF Hudson River caretakers (1960-1969)

   Limitations

   Compiled secondary transcription of official Navy register, design, and MARAD records, not the registers themselves; figures used where consistent with NHHC/SDB/MARAD. Its strike date (1 Sep 61) conflicts with DANFS's hedged 'sometime in late 1968 or early 1969' - unresolved discrepancy logged in gaps; the MARAD card independently confirms the 31 Aug 60 NDRF entry, the 1 Sep 62 MA title transfer, and the 7 Feb 69 Navy transfer. Turkish-name spelling 'DONATIN' is a third variant. Contains no asbestos information; the conversion-program notes document work events, not materials content.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-anthedon-as24-05

6. [6]Consolidated era/design inference - BuShips SDB 1945 v3 machinery and personnel rows for this hull + DANFS-documented tender mission and work events + shipscribe AS-23 class data [other_primary]

   Locator

   SDB1945v3 AS section rows for ANTHEDON (pp. 372-377); DANFS service narrative; shipscribe AS-23 class page

   Finding type

   asbestos_application

   Finding

   Era/design/mission inference: this hull carried a geared steam plant (one Westinghouse turbine, two Foster-Wheeler 'D' boilers at 465 psi / 765 deg F, 8,500 shp) and was converted in 1943-44 to a full submarine tender - a ship type built around machine shops and repair facilities for fleet submarines. Boiler and fireroom insulation, main and auxiliary steam-line lagging, turbine and turbo-generator lagging, valve and flange gaskets, machinery packing, and accommodation insulation of the period were commonly asbestos-containing. The hull's documented disturbance-phase events: the nine-month incomplete-hull conversion at Todd Hoboken (Dec 1943-Sep 1944); DANFS-documented refits and voyage repairs on submarines returning from war patrols (Fremantle Nov 1944-Feb 1945; Subic Bay Mar 1945-Feb 1946 periods); the Dec 1945 Bayonne drydock hull repair; submarine-deactivation assistance (Jan-Feb 1946) and her own deactivation (Mar-Sep 1946); ~14 years USN reserve then ~9 years NDRF/MA custody at Hudson River; Turkish Navy operation 1969-c.1985 including drydock repair periods at Golcuk; and final breaking (site/date unverified).

   Verification

   inferred

   Role

   supporting

   Documentation level

   class_or_era

   Accessed

   2026-09-26

   Study period

   1943-c.1985

   Population

   Ingalls Pascagoula construction trades (1943); Todd Hoboken conversion workforce (1943-1944); wartime crew (82 officers + 1,378 enlisted) and tended submarine crews at Fremantle/Subic Bay; New London deactivation workforce (1946); Bayonne drydock workers (Dec 1945); NDRF Hudson River caretakers (1960-1969); Turkish Navy crew and Golcuk repair workforce (1969-c.1985); breakers (date/site unverified)

   Limitations

   Inference from the documented machinery plant, conversion program, and repair mission - NOT a hull record. No survey, specification, or material schedule naming AS-24 was located; establishes no asbestos content, quantity, location, individual exposure, or causation. The tender mission inference applies to materials aboard tended submarines and to this ship's own insulation alike, but no primary source names the materials handled.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-anthedon-as24-06

7. [7]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]

   Locator

   Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373

   Finding type

   asbestos_application

   Finding

   Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and emergency construction/conversion program under which this C3-S-A2 submarine tender was built and converted - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in shipbuilding.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   context

   Documentation level

   class_or_era

   Accessed

   2026-09-26

   Study period

   1940s era documented; article 1987

   Population

   WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)

   Limitations

   Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or class and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-anthedon-as24-07

8. [8]Fleischer, W.E., Viles, F.J. Jr., Gade, R.L., and Drinker, P., 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels,' J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28(1):9-16 (Jan 1946), PMID 21016030 [other_primary]

   Locator

   PubMed record PMID 21016030; article pp. 9-16 (pipe covering material section)

   Finding type

   gov_survey

   Finding

   The U.S. Maritime Commission-commissioned industrial-hygiene survey of pipe-covering operations during WWII naval construction (Fleischer, Viles, Gade, Drinker; Harvard School of Public Health fieldwork 1944-45) found amosite 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels,' documenting asbestos-containing insulation materials in wartime naval-vessel construction and repair - the industry context for this hull's 1943 build and 1943-44 conversion.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   context

   Documentation level

   class_or_era

   Accessed

   2026-09-26

   Study period

   survey ~1944-45; published 1946

   Population

   WWII pipe coverers and insulators at Navy and contract yards (era context)

   Limitations

   Era-level documentation of asbestos use in naval construction generally; does not name this vessel, class, builder, or conversion yard and establishes nothing about this hull's materials, condition, or any individual exposure. (The study's exculpatory 'not a dangerous occupation' conclusion has since been heavily criticized - see the 2026 critique at DOI 10.1177/10482911261446696.)

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-anthedon-as24-08

9. [9]Batch-2711 search ledger (this record): NHHC/DANFS via Wayback; NavSource 3624 + 3624a.pdf; MARAD ShipHistory Detail 277 + ANTHEDON.pdf status card; BuShips SDB 1945 v3; shipscribe AS-23 class page; CourtListener (authenticated helper, partially paced); indexed-web litigation checks; VA BVA index; NARA record-group guides [other_primary]

   Locator

   search_ledger rows sl-uss-anthedon-as24-01 through sl-uss-anthedon-as24-12

   Finding type

   historical_record

   Finding

   No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, court finding, or docketed asbestos opinion naming USS Anthedon / AS-24 / MC hull 858 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener opinion searches '"USS Anthedon"' and '"Anthedon"' each returned zero results, and the '"AS-24" asbestos' opinion sweep returned 29 hits that are all text collisions ('AS 24' statute/section citations in unrelated opinions) - clean HTTP 200 results via the authenticated helper, spaced attempts. Indexed-web checks surfaced no qualifying docketed case naming this hull; the asbestos-ships.com per-ship index (checked 2026-09-26) carries no dedicated Anthedon page, and mesothelioma.com's auxiliary-vessel examples do not name this hull - i.e., even the excluded law-firm source class shows no hull-specific assertion here. VA BVA-index search surfaced no decision naming the ship.

   Verification

   verified

   Role

   negative_finding

   Documentation level

   ship_specific

   Accessed

   2026-09-26

   Study period

   2026-09-26

   Limitations

   Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1943-built steam auxiliary converted to a submarine tender and operated through 1985 is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials, and her NDRF lay-up, Turkish-service refits, and unlocated breaking are undocumented disturbance phases. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility. CourtListener coverage: the '"USS Anthedon"' and '"Anthedon"' opinion queries ran clean (count 0 each, HTTP 200) and the '"AS-24" asbestos' opinion sweep returned only text collisions; the RECAP/docket (type=r) query was blocked by the fleet-wide request budget (~114/hr shared) across six spaced attempts over ~55 minutes - residual litigation surface rests on indexed-web checking plus three clean opinion results; a docket-level (pleading-stage) sweep remains an open retry.

   Atlas source

   true

   Evidence ID

   ev-uss-anthedon-as24-09

10. [10]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 24 (Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel - Navy deck logs), RG 19 (Records of the Bureau of Ships), RG 178 (Records of the U.S. Maritime Commission), RG 357 (Records of the Maritime Administration); MARAD ShipHistory documents section for this hull [other_primary]

    Locator

    https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/024.html ; /groups/019.html ; /groups/178.html ; /groups/357.html ; https://vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/ShipHistory/Detail/277 (status-card scan)

    Finding type

    historical_record

    Finding

    Archival leads (not retrieved - requires research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): Navy deck logs for USS Anthedon 1943-1946 and muster rolls (RG 24, NARA College Park); BuShips records incl. the Philadelphia Navy Yard detail working plans for the AS 23-26 conversion and the Gibbs & Cox AS-22 conversion-plan lineage (RG 19); USMC construction-contract records for MC hull 858 at Ingalls Pascagoula (RG 178); MARAD/NDRF custody files for the Hudson River lay-up (1960-1969) and the 7 Feb 1969 foreign-transfer file (RG 357) - the disposal file is the most promising hazmat lead; NARA still-photo negatives 80-G-282463 and 80-G-282464 (24 Sep 1944) and 80-G-0863 (Fremantle, 26 Jan 1945) document the ship and her submarine-refit work; Todd Shipyards Hoboken conversion-yard records (corporate archives - scattered); Turkish Navy service records for TCG Donatan (A-583) 1969-c.1985 (not located in U.S. public sources).

    Verification

    unverified

    Role

    archival_lead

    Documentation level

    context_only

    Accessed

    2026-09-26

    Study period

    1943-1969 records (U.S. custody); 1969-c.1985 (Turkish service)

    Limitations

    Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.

    Atlas source

    true

    Evidence ID

    ev-uss-anthedon-as24-10