Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]Naval Vessel Register (nvr.navy.mil, NAVSEA Shipbuilding Support Office, Norfolk Naval Shipyard), ship detail page for IX 520, last updated 2002-08-28; captured via Internet Archive Wayback Machine [other_primary]
- Locator
- NVR IX-520 ship detail page, milestone dates and physical characteristics tables; Wayback capture 2017-01-26
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Naval Vessel Register entry for 'NO NAME (IX 520)' (ex-YF 630, APL 19), UIC 01639, UNCLASSIFIED MISCELLANEOUS: builder Tampa Shipbuilding Co., Inc.; award 1943-11-09; keel 1944-06-21; launch 1944-08-06; delivery 1944-10-14; stricken 2001-03-13; status 'Disposed of in support of Fleet training exercise' effective 2002-06-13. Characteristics: 261 ft overall / 260 ft waterline, beam 49 ft, max navigational draft 11 ft; light displacement 1,300 tons, full load 2,580 tons, dead weight 1,280 tons; steel hull, steel superstructure; propulsion type 'none'; accommodations officers 6, enlisted 680; custodian US Navy. No commission or decommission dates (non-commissioned service craft).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1943-2002
- Limitations
- Official register covers administrative milestones and characteristics only; contains no asbestos, materials, or condition information. Live NVR page removed after disposal - archived capture cited. NVR accommodation figure (680 enlisted) and displacement (2,580 t full) differ slightly from compiled class specifications (see ev-uss-apl-19-03 and gaps). Does not establish or defeat any exposure claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-apl-19-01
-
[2]Carter, Worrall Reed, USN, 'Beans, Bullets and Black Oil: The Story of Fleet Logistics Afloat in the Pacific During World War II' (Department of the Navy, 1953), Chapter XXIX 'Support Activities at Leyte-Samar' - HyperWar transcription mirror [other_primary]
- Locator
- Chapter XXIX, section on Naval Base plans Leyte-Samar area, February 1945 passage (printed page approx. 377)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The Navy's official history of World War II logistics records APL-19's wartime assignment: 'Assignment of the barracks ships APL-17 and APL-19 to Leyte Gulf proved of great aid in relieving the berthing situation at this critical time' - stated in the context of February 1945 and the buildup of Naval Operating Base Leyte Gulf (Capt. J.H. Jacobson assumed command as Commandant, NOB Leyte Gulf, on 1945-02-22), where shore housing for the expanding base had been a continuing problem.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1945-02
- Population
- Personnel berthed aboard and ship's company at NOB Leyte Gulf
- Limitations
- Official DoN-published historical monograph accessed via HyperWar transcription mirror (text verbatim-verified). Establishes presence at Leyte Gulf as of February 1945; does not give arrival date, duration of assignment, or departure. No asbestos, materials, or crew-health content; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-apl-19-02
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[3]NavSource Naval History, IX-520 ex-APL-19 photo archive page (compiled from NVR and Ships' Data records); shipscribe.com APL-2 class ship notes (compiled from BuShips/NVR records); USNI Proceedings, May 1994, 'Ship's Status Changes' [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource archives/09/71/7119.htm timeline and specifications; https://shipscribe.com/usnaux/APL/APL02.html ship note 19; https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1994/may/ships-status-changes
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Compiled service record for APL-19 / IX-520: ordered as YF-630 1943-11-09; reclassified APL-19 1944-01-07; built by Tampa Shipbuilding Co., Tampa FL (YN 119); laid down 1944-06-21; launched 1944-08-06; delivered and placed in service 1944-10-14; out of service in reserve by January 1947; stricken from the Naval Register 1993-10-26; reinstated as IX-520 1996-08-16 and assigned to the CincLantFlt Berthing and Messing Program at Norfolk Navy Yard, Portsmouth, VA; placed out of service and stricken 2001-03-13; disposed of as a target in a fleet training exercise east of Norfolk, VA at 37 deg 06.3 min N, 71 deg 02.5 min W in 7,188 ft of water, 2002-06-13. The 1993-10-26 strike is corroborated by the USNI Proceedings 'Ship's Status Changes' listing (APL-19, 'For disposal').
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1943-2002
- Population
- Ship's company and embarked berthing population (CincLantFlt program period 1996-2001)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilations of official records - milestone dates corroborated against the NVR entry (ev-uss-apl-19-01); sinking position/depth carried from NavSource only, not independently verified against a Navy exercise report. Specification figures differ slightly between compilations and NVR (full-load displacement 2,580/2,600/2,660 t; beam 48/49.2 ft; accommodations 649/680 enlisted) - logged in gaps, not merged. No asbestos content; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-apl-19-03
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[4]Library of Congress, Historic American Engineering Record, Naval Base Philadelphia-Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Drydock No. 2 survey (HAER PA-387-B), photo PA,51-PHILA,709B-8 (1995); Naval History & Heritage Command photo NH 83848 (1974-05-10), reproduced on NavSource [haer]
- Locator
- LOC HAER PA-387-B photo set (hhh.pa3418.photos), caption for photo 709B-8; NavSource archives/09/71/7119.htm photo captions
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Photographic records place APL-19 in long-term inactive custody at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard: NHHC photo NH 83848 shows APL-19 moored at Philadelphia Navy Yard on 1974-05-10, and a 1995 Historic American Engineering Record photograph (HAER PA,51-PHILA,709B-8, survey HAER PA-387-B, Drydock No. 2 documentation) shows APL-19 and the decommissioned USS Sylvania (AFS-2) moored at dry dock caisson No. 2 - the yard's Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facility continued storing decommissioned vessels after the yard's 1995-09-30 closure.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1974-1995
- Limitations
- Photographic documentation establishes presence at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard on the two dated occasions; it does not establish continuous custody 1947-1995 (the craft may have been moved between berthings). No materials or asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-apl-19-04
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[5]U.S. EPA, 'Transport of Target Vessels for Ocean Disposal' (Marine Protection Permitting program page); 40 C.F.R. 229.2; EPA letter to Navy of 1999-08-02 (Wayland to Munsell) interpreting the permit as covering PCB-containing materials [other_primary]
- Locator
- EPA program page, permit-requirements section; ecfr.gov/current/title-40/part-229/section-229.2; 1999 letter quoted in 78 Fed. Reg. notice (2013-07981, 2013-04-05)
- Finding type
- regulatory
- Finding
- IX-520's 2002-06-13 sinking 'in support of Fleet training exercise' was conducted under the Navy's SINKEX program, governed by EPA's Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act general permit at 40 C.F.R. 229.2 ('Transport of Target Vessels'). The permit requires, before sinking, removal 'to the maximum extent practicable' of all materials that may degrade the marine environment (including emptying/flushing fuel tanks and lines and removing pollutants and readily detachable debris), sinking at least 50 nautical miles from land in at least 6,000 feet of water, and annual Navy reporting to EPA of each vessel's name, tonnage, location, and date of sinking. The recorded sinking position (37 deg 06.3 min N, 71 deg 02.5 min W - well over 200 nautical miles east of Norfolk in 7,188 ft) is consistent with these permit terms. EPA's then-operative 1999 interpretation letter and EPA-Navy agreement addressed PCB-containing materials specifically (wool felt, gaskets, cable insulation).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2002
- Population
- Workers performing pre-sinking preparation at Navy or certified facility (program-level)
- Limitations
- Program-level regulation applicable to the hull's disposal; no vessel-specific SINKEX preparation record, materials inventory, or hazmat survey for IX-520 was located. The located permit terms and EPA-Navy interpretation address petroleum, debris, and PCBs - asbestos is not addressed by name in these sources, so this row does not establish whether asbestos was removed before sinking, was aboard at sinking, or was never present.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-apl-19-05
-
[6]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and program under which this 1944 Tampa-built barracks craft was mass-produced - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization aboard Navy and merchant-type hulls.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or vessel type and does not establish that asbestos was aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-apl-19-06
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[7]shipscribe.com, USS APL-2 class data sheet and class notes (compiled from BuShips design and Ships' Data records); NavSource IX-520/APL-19 specifications block [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipscribe.com/usnaux/APL/APL02.html class data (design, machinery 'none', complement) and class notes; navsource.net/archives/09/71/7119.htm specifications
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Class design data relevant to asbestos footprint: the APL-2 design type was a non-self-propelled 2,000-ton, 260-ft covered-barge hull with a two-story barracks built on top - machinery 'none' (no propulsion plant; ship's-service power from three 100 kW diesel generators). A wartime accommodation craft of this era could carry asbestos-containing thermal/acoustic insulation, pipe lagging on heating and plumbing lines, gaskets, packing, and interior finish materials, but no materials specification for the APL-2 design or this hull was located. Absence of a steam propulsion plant reduces the machinery-space asbestos profile relative to steam vessels; accommodation and utility-system applications remain unverified inference.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1944-2001
- Population
- Ship's company and embarked berthing population (up to several hundred)
- Limitations
- Design/era inference only - no APL-2-class or hull-specific materials specification located, and no source located states asbestos content for this craft. The listed applications are era-typical possibilities, not documented installations. Does not establish presence, absence, quantity, or exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-apl-19-07
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[8]Batch-2472 search ledger (this record): NVR IX-520 detail; NavSource 09/71/7119; shipscribe APL-2 class; HyperWar BBBO-29; LOC HAER PA-387-B; EPA MPRSA SINKEX permit documentation; USNI Proceedings status changes; CourtListener name/hull searches [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-apl-19-01 through sl-uss-apl-19-13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazardous-materials disclosure, litigation, or material-condition statement naming APL-19 / IX-520 / YF-630 was found in the public sources searched - the Naval Vessel Register entry, NavSource and shipscribe compiled records, the official-history wartime reference (BBBO ch. XXIX), the LOC HAER and NHHC photographic records, and EPA SINKEX program documentation contain no asbestos statement for this hull (see search_ledger).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 accommodation craft is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials. The hull was sunk in 2002, so no present-day ACM question exists; whether ACM was aboard at sinking is undocumented. This row neither establishes nor defeats any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-apl-19-08
-
[9]CourtListener API v4 opinion and docket search indexes, queries 'APL-19', 'IX-520', 'YF-630' [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-apl-19-08 through sl-uss-apl-19-11
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener sweep by hull identifiers (authenticated API v4, 2026-09-26): 'APL-19' opinion search returned 2 hits, both non-qualifying name/token collisions (Capital Uniform & Linen Service v. Martin, Del. Super. Ct. 2017 - no vessel reference; Seafarers Int'l Union v. United States, D.D.C. 1995 - 'APL' = American President Lines party). 'APL-19' docket search returned 38 hits, all collisions (APL Co. Pte Ltd and American President Lines maritime/labor litigation, Apple Inc. tokenization, unrelated docket-number fragments) - none naming the vessel, none asbestos. 'IX-520' and 'YF-630' opinion searches returned 0 results. No qualifying asbestos litigation located.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- CourtListener coverage is not exhaustive - PACER/RECAP dockets, state-court filings, and MDL-875 plaintiff ship-lists indexed by vessel name rather than hull number may be incompletely searchable; non-judicial claims (asbestos trust filings, settlements) are outside the sweep. A null result does not prove no claim was ever filed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-apl-19-09
-
[10]NARA Guide to Federal Records RG 24 (Bureau of Naval Personnel - deck logs); EPA-Navy SINKEX agreement reporting framework (annual reports and per-vessel PCB inventories) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA RG 24 record-group guide; EPA SINKEX agreement documentation at epa.gov
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - no spend authorized): (a) NARA RG 24 deck logs - if maintained for this in-service craft, 1944-1947 logs would document the post-Leyte movements and 1946-47 inactivation that published sources do not cover; (b) EPA Oceans program / NAVSEA inactive-ships records - under the 1999 EPA interpretation the Navy inventoried and removed PCB-containing materials and reported annually on each SINKEX vessel, so a vessel-specific preparation/materials record for IX-520 may exist and would document pre-sinking hazmat handling; (c) NISMF Philadelphia custody records for the reserve-fleet decades.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1944-2002 records
- Limitations
- Record-group and program mapping only - no box-level or document-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed. Whether deck logs were kept for an in-service barracks craft is itself unverified. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-apl-19-10