Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]DANFS, LST-50 (build dates, theater service, decommissioning, strike, ARB-13 redesignation and Norway/Greece transfers; verbatim Wayback capture of official history.navy.mil page - live NHHC URL serves 404) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry 'LST-50', Vol. VII (1981), full short-format entry
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: laid down 29 August 1943 at Pittsburgh, Pa., by the Dravo Corp.; launched 16 October 1943, sponsored by Mrs. Tito Tarquinio; commissioned 27 November 1943; European theater - Normandy invasion 6-25 June 1944 and invasion of southern France 15 August - 25 September 1944; Asiatic-Pacific - Okinawa assault 18-30 June 1945; occupation duty in the Far East until early February 1946; decommissioned 6 February 1946; struck from the Navy list 8 September 1952; redesignated ARB-13 and transferred to Norway 14 November 1952 as Ellida (A-534); returned to the United States 1 July 1960; retransferred to Greece 16 September 1960, serving as Sakipia (A-329); three battle stars for World War II service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1943-1960
- Population
- Dravo Neville Island construction trades 1943; wartime crew and embarked troops
- Limitations
- DANFS documents service history, not materials or asbestos content. It does not mention the 1946-1952 SCAJAP period or the 1952 conversion contract/yard, and its keel date (29 Aug 1943) conflicts with the NARA-derived shipscribe table (20 Aug 1943) - see ev-02 and gaps. Greek name spelled 'Sakipia' here vs 'Sakipis' elsewhere. Mirror capture cited because the live NHHC page returns 404.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-arb-13-arb13-01
-
[2]Shipscribe (Stephen S. Roberts), 'Norwegian Ellida (ARB 13, ex LST)' - compiled from NARA RG 19 Entry UD 1024-A Box 1 (BuShips conversion files) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipscribe ARB-13 page, Class Notes and Ship Notes (special source: NARA RG 19 Entry UD 1024-A Box 1)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NARA-derived record of this hull's 1952 conversion and transfer: in 1951 Norway was promised a battle damage repair ship under MDAP; H. Newton Whittelsey, Inc. of New York contracted as design agent; decision made to convert an available LST rather than build new, and LST-50 was made available; the conversion design was called within BUSHIPS 'vastly different' from existing ARBs because wartime ARB-1 plans no longer matched new materials and standards - bow doors and bow ramp removed, bow rebuilt with conventional framing and plating; conversion formally directed 6 June 1951, authorized by CNO 12 June 1951; CNO (2 July 1951) declined to change the LST-50 classification pending transfer ('LST 50 (ARB)'), though ARB-13 was already used inside BUSHIPS and never entered the Naval Vessel Register; conversion contract concluded 21 February 1952 with Puget Sound Bridge and Dredging Co., work begun 25 February 1952; ready for transfer 10 September 1952, completed 30 October 1952 for delivery to Commander, 13th Naval District; stricken by USN 8 September 1952 before transfer; transferred to Norway at Seattle 14 November 1952 as ELLIDA; returned 1 July 1960; transferred to Greece at Bergen 16 September 1960 as the 'fleet tender' SAKIPIS; decommissioned 20 May 1977. Converted-ship particulars: 3,500 t full, 323 ft oa, accommodations 375, armament 12x40mm + 12x20mm, geared diesel 2 screws 1,800 hp.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1951-1977
- Population
- Puget Sound Bridge & Dredging Co. conversion workforce, Seattle, Feb-Oct 1952; Norwegian and Greek navy crews 1952-1977
- Limitations
- Strongest hull-specific record located - traces to a named NARA record group (RG 19 Entry UD 1024-A Box 1) via a specialist compiler. Documents a major 1952 U.S. shipyard conversion event on this hull but says nothing about asbestos content of materials installed or removed; 'new materials and standards' is not a materials schedule. Construction table keel date (20 Aug 1943) conflicts with DANFS (29 Aug 1943) - unresolved here. Conflicts with NavSource's photo-caption attribution of the conversion to Puget Sound Naval Shipyard - see ev-03 and gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-arb-13-arb13-02
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, ARB-13 ex-USS LST-50 (160050) - specification block, campaign table, SCAJAP chronology, commanding-officer list, photo captions (Wayback capture 2024-07-10; live site unreachable) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource page 10/16/160050 - spec block, campaign table, chronology, CO list, ARB-13 photo caption
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Volunteer-compiled archival page for this hull: laid down 29 August 1943 at Dravo Corp., Neville Island, PA; launched 16 October 1943; commissioned USS LST-50 27 November 1943, LT C. A. Sullivan, USNR, in command; campaigns - Normandy 6-25 June 1944, southern France 15 August - 25 September 1944, Okinawa Gunto 18-30 June 1945; Pacific assignment under LST Flotilla 36 / LST Group 107 / LST Division 213; occupation service in the Far East 29 October 1945 - 6 February 1946; decommissioned 6 February 1946 and assigned to COMNAVFE Shipping Control Authority for Japan (SCAJAP), redesignated Q-046; returned to US Navy control and struck from the Naval Register 8 September 1952; redesignated battle damage repair ship ARB-13 14 November 1952; transferred to Norway as KNM Ellida (A-534); returned to US custody 1 July 1960; transferred to Greece 16 September 1960 as HNS Sakipis (A-329); final disposition 'fate unknown'; three battle stars. Specification block: 2x GM 12-567A 900 hp diesels, single Falk main reduction gear, 3x 100 kW diesel-drive generators, twin propellers 1,700 shp, twin rudders, 11.6 kt trial; complement 13 officers / 104 enlisted plus troops 16/147. Photo caption: 'Ex-USS LST-50 (ex-SCAJAP Q-046) after conversion to ARB-13 for the Norwegian Navy at Puget Sound Naval Ship Yard, date unknown.' Commanding officers: LT C. A. Sullivan USNR (27 Nov 1943 - Sep 1945); LTjg Truman H. Cummings Jr. USNR (Sep 1945 - 6 Feb 1946).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1943-1977
- Population
- Ship's company ~117 per spec block; embarked troops up to ~163; SCAJAP-era Japanese crews 1946-c.1952
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled archival page quoting Navy sources and photo captions; consistent with DANFS where they overlap. Adds the 1946-1952 SCAJAP (Q-046) period absent from DANFS but gives no date for physical return to US custody. Photo-caption attribution of the conversion to Puget Sound Naval Ship Yard (Bremerton) conflicts with the NARA contract record naming Puget Sound Bridge & Dredging Co. (Seattle) - contract record carried in ev-02; discrepancy logged in gaps. Spec data are equipment descriptions only - no asbestos content stated or implied.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-arb-13-arb13-03
-
[4]DigitaltMuseum (Norwegian national museum aggregation) - Sverresborg Trondelag Folkemuseum photo record FTTF.SCH.V.036746 for KNM Ellida, incl. Adresseavisen (13 May 1954) captions; Forsvarshistorisk museum/Marinemuseet holdings MMU.941630, MMU.942058, MMU.942361 [museum_official]
- Locator
- digitaltmuseum.no records 0210115257075 (Sverresborg FTTF.SCH.V.036746, with embedded Adresseavisen 13.05.1954 captions) and 021015534040, 021015534360-361 (Marinemuseet MMU photo holdings)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Norwegian official-museum record for this hull's 1952-1960 service: KNM Ellida was a former American landing ship taken over and rebuilt as a depot ship for submarines (1953 per museum text); she served at Marineholmen, Bergen, as a floating submarine station until 1960. Contemporary Adresseavisen captions (12-13 May 1954) describe workshops aboard 'that one can hardly find the match of on land here in Norway' and a crane lifting 60 tons (100 tons on a straight lift) - confirming the ARB conversion's heavy industrial-repair function in service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1952-1960
- Population
- Royal Norwegian Navy submarine-flotilla crews and embarked workshop personnel, 1952-1960
- Limitations
- Documents the ship's workshop/depot function in Norwegian service - relevant context for the shipboard-repair exposure pathway - but contains no asbestos, insulation, or abatement information; does not establish that materials aboard contained asbestos. Museum text dates the rebuild to '1953' while the transfer ceremony was 14 November 1952 and conversion completion 30 October 1952 - minor dating variation, likely reflecting Norwegian commissioning.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-arb-13-arb13-04
-
[5]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 2 (Jan 1945), LST design table (shipscribe.com scan) - consolidated with lst-1-class class-profile era analysis [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2 LST design table; lst-1-class.class.json class analysis (BuShips design grouping LST1-490); ev-02 conversion scope
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference for a diesel-powered amphibious hull built at Dravo Neville Island in 1943 and reworked at a U.S. yard in 1952: NO boilers or steam plant - the steam-lagging pathway does not apply; plausible asbestos applications for the type concentrate in diesel exhaust lagging, engine-room thermal/acoustic insulation, gaskets and packing throughout engineering spaces, electrical insulation/cable, deck coverings (incl. tank-deck surfaces), accommodation-space insulation, and brake/friction linings on winches, windlass, and the conversion's added workshop machinery and cranes. The 1952 ARB conversion installed new interior shop, power, and accommodation spaces at a peak-asbestos-era U.S. yard - conversion-era insulation practice makes ACM plausible in the added spaces as well, but no material schedule for the conversion was located.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1943-1977
- Population
- Dravo construction trades 1943; Puget Sound Bridge & Dredging conversion workforce 1952; wartime crew; SCAJAP, Norwegian, and Greek crews
- Limitations
- Class/era and design inference only - no hull-level material schedule, insulation spec, or survey exists in the public record for this ship under any designation; undocumented material changes during SCAJAP (1946-c.1952), Norwegian (1952-1960), and Greek (1960-1977) service mean original and conversion-era materials may have been replaced or disturbed. Does not establish presence, absence, or quantity of ACM aboard.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-arb-13-arb13-05
-
[6]Corn JK, Starr J. 'Historical perspective on asbestos: policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding.' Am J Ind Med 12(4):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Am J Ind Med 12(4):359-373 (1987), DOI 10.1002/ajim.4700120402
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed scholarship documents that WWII-era U.S. shipyards extensively installed asbestos-containing insulation, lagging, and gaskets in naval and merchant construction - the era and program context in which this hull was built (1943, Dravo Corp., Neville Island).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1941-1945 (study scope)
- Population
- WWII-era shipyard workers and crews (era context)
- Limitations
- Era-level scholarship only; the source does not name this hull or class and does not establish that any specific material aboard this ship contained asbestos. The diesel plant (no boilers) narrows the exposure-relevant scope relative to steam vessels.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-arb-13-arb13-06
-
[7]Strand LA, Martinsen JI, Koefoed VF, Sommerfelt-Pettersen J, Grimsrud TK. 'Asbestos-related cancers among 28,300 military servicemen in the Royal Norwegian Navy.' Am J Ind Med 53(1):64-71 (2010) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Am J Ind Med 53(1):64-71 (2010), DOI 10.1002/ajim.20778; abstract and systematic-review tabulation verified
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed cohort study covering all Royal Norwegian Navy servicemen serving aboard vessels 1950-1987: asbestos aboard the service's vessels 'potentially caused exposure to 11,500 crew members' until 1987, and mesothelioma incidence was significantly elevated among engine-room crews (SIR 6.23, 95% CI 2.51-12.8 for <2 years service; SIR 6.49, 95% CI 2.11-15.1 for 2+ years). This hull served the Royal Norwegian Navy 1952-1960 as submarine depot/workshop ship KNM Ellida - squarely inside the cohort's exposure window.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1950-1987 (cohort window); 1952-1960 (this hull)
- Population
- Royal Norwegian Navy vessel crews 1950-1987 (cohort); Ellida complement and embarked workshop personnel 1952-1960 within that population
- Limitations
- Fleet-level cohort epidemiology, not a hull record - the study does not name Ellida or any individual vessel, does not identify which hulls carried ACM, and cannot establish exposure aboard this specific ship. It documents that asbestos exposure aboard RNoN vessels during this hull's exact service window was real and measurable at the fleet level.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-arb-13-arb13-07
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented the Navy's asbestos-protection program: standing policy (1975) removed asbestos insulation only when damaged or when required for repairs, modified in 1979 toward selective replacement in high-maintenance areas - meaning original-era insulation typically remained in place on active Navy hulls for decades; systematic substitution did not begin until the early 1970s, nearly two decades after this hull left U.S. custody (1952).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review (not this hull)
- Limitations
- Program-level Navy documentation that never governed this hull during the policy period - she was in Norwegian and Greek service from 1952 onward. Context for the era fleet picture only; her foreign-service material history is undocumented by any source located. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403); content via product-page description, consistent with prior batches.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-arb-13-arb13-08
-
[9]CourtListener API v4 opinion sweeps, this hull (see search_ledger) - "ARB-13", "LST-50", "LST 50" asbestos, "Ellida" asbestos, type=o, 2026-09-26; "Sakipis"/"Sakipia" and RECAP docket-level sweeps throttled [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-arb-13-arb13-04, -05, -06, -07 (class), -12 (blocked)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener exact-phrase opinion sweeps: "ARB-13" returned 12 hits, all name collisions - matches are regulatory exhibit numbers, California Air Resources Board material, and arbitration exhibit references; none reference a vessel, asbestos, or any plaintiff claiming exposure aboard this hull. "LST-50" returned 0 results; "LST 50" asbestos returned 0 results; "Ellida" asbestos returned 0 results. No qualifying asbestos litigation naming this hull located in the opinion index under four identifiers. "Sakipis"/"Sakipia" and all RECAP docket-level queries were incomplete at record time: the fleet-shared authenticated budget was repeatedly spent this session (helper exit 2, fleet ~114/hr pacing). The class-level 'USS LST' asbestos sweep of 2026-09-16 (lst-1-class profile) located no asbestos docket naming any specific LST hull - its only document-level hit was an incidental reunion-notice mention of LST-579 in Gitto v. A.W. Chesterton, S.D.N.Y. 1:07-cv-04771.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- Opinion-index coverage only for the four strings stated; the Greek-name strings (Sakipis/Sakipia) and the RECAP docket index were not swept this session due to the fleet pacing limit - a coverage gap, not a finding of absence. No hit at any stage of litigation is asserted or implied. Class-level sweep coverage (2026-09-16) is a class finding, not hull-specific.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-arb-13-arb13-09
-
[10]Batch-2535 search ledger (this record): DANFS/NHHC (live + Wayback); shipscribe NARA-derived conversion record; NavSource (Wayback capture); DigitaltMuseum Norwegian museum records; MARAD ShipHistory; CourtListener API; class-level sweeps [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-arb-13-arb13-01 through sl-uss-arb-13-arb13-12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming this hull under LST-50, Q-046, ARB-13, Ellida, or Sakipis was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the 1943-era hull plus a peak-era 1952 conversion are era-consistent with ACM, but three foreign-service periods (SCAJAP, Norway, Greece) and an undocumented final disposition are material-history blind spots. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-arb-13-arb13-10
-
[11]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 19 (Bureau of Ships - incl. Entry UD 1024-A conversion files), RG 181 (Naval Districts and Shore Establishments), RG 331 (Allied Operational and Occupation Headquarters - SCAJAP-era records), plus Norwegian and Greek naval archives - record-group mapping only [other_primary]
- Locator
- archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records groups 019, 181, 331; shipscribe page-note source citation 'NARA: RG 19 Entry UD 1024-A Box 1'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - require research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): NARA RG 19 Entry UD 1024-A Box 1 (the shipscribe source) is the BuShips ARB-13 conversion-planning file and likely holds the Whittelsey 'vastly different' plan set, circular of requirements, and any material/insulation schedules for the 1952 conversion; Puget Sound Bridge & Dredging Co. contract records (contract dated 21 Feb 1952); RG 331 SCAP/SCAJAP records for the Q-046 period 1946-c.1952, which would fix the physical return-to-custody date and hull condition; Norwegian Armed Forces Museum (Forsvarshistorisk museum) and Marinemuseet holdings on KNM Ellida; Hellenic Navy records for Sakipis (A-329) incl. the 1977 decommissioning and disposal.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1943-1977 records
- Limitations
- Record-group and repository mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-arb-13-arb13-11