Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
-
[1]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 3 (NAVSHIPS 250-012, 1945), auxiliaries - cargo ships, attack (AKA) section, per-hull rows for ARTEMIS AKA-21 (shipscribe.com scan of the official BuShips publication) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v3 AKA tables pp. 131-136 (dimensions, personnel, machinery, armament/cargo, construction rows); index p. 658 ('Artemis (ex-M.C. Hull 1882) - AKA21'); M.C. hull cross-index p. 725 ('M.C. Hull 1882 (now Artemis)')
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official BuShips Ships' Data 1945 Vol. 3 carries a per-hull row for ARTEMIS AKA-21 (ex-M.C. Hull 1882): 426'0" overall / 400'0" pp; beam 58'0"; 16' limiting draft; 16.9 knots; 7,080 tons; machinery 2 Westinghouse turbo-electric engines, 6,000 shp, with 2 Wickes boilers at 450 psi / 750 deg F; authorized complement 27 officers + 276 enlisted; armament 1 x 5"/38 cal (D.P.) + 4 twin 40mm; cargo 110,000 cu ft / 980 DWT; builder Walsh-Kaiser Co., Inc., Providence, R.I.; acquired and commissioned 28 Aug 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- 1945
- Limitations
- Authoritative wartime BuShips publication naming this hull - confirms identity, machinery plant, manning, builder, and commissioning. OCR of the scanned table is columnar and partially garbled; values cross-verified against DANFS and NavSource. Contains no materials, insulation, or asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-artemis-aka21-01
-
[2]DANFS, 'Artemis III' (AKA-21) entry, Naval Historical Center (live NHHC URL returns 404 - verbatim text retrieved via Internet Archive Wayback capture 20041225095717) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS 'Artemis III' entry body text + spec block (Wayback capture 20041225095717)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC records: laid down under Maritime Commission contract (MC hull 1882) on 23 November 1943 at Providence, R.I., by Walsh-Kaiser Co., Inc.; launched 20 May 1944, sponsored by Mrs. Thomas J. Walsh; acquired from the Maritime Commission and commissioned 28 Aug 1944, Lt. Comdr. Thomas J. Rattray in command. Fitting out Boston; shakedown Chesapeake Bay; embarked passengers/supplies Bayonne; underway 12 Oct, Panama Canal 17 Oct (reported to Amphibious Forces, Pacific Fleet); San Diego 26 Oct; Pearl Harbor 3 Nov; Port Hueneme pontoon cargo runs Nov-Dec 1944; amphibious training off Maui with TF 51 Jan 1945; sailed for Eniwetok 27 Jan with TG 53.2; anchored Transport Area 'Baker' off Iwo Jima 19 Feb, boats assisted the initial assault, remained through 27 Feb discharging troops/cargo and taking casualties; Saipan 3 Mar; Ulithi resupply/repairs ~3 weeks; Manus 29 Mar; Noumea 4 Apr; Leyte 16 May; Hollandia 3 Jun; Oro Bay; Manila; Admiralty Islands; Lae; Manila mid-Jul; Tacloban; reached Pearl Harbor mid-Aug (discharging cargo when Japan capitulated 15 Aug); drydock overhaul Pearl Harbor Navy Yard 24 Aug-mid-Sep; occupation troops to Japan, moored Yokosuka 3 Oct; operated Japanese waters to 24 Nov; San Francisco 10 Dec; Samar troop lift; San Francisco 9 Feb 1946; Pearl Harbor logistic support to 15 May 1946, then assigned to Joint Task Force 1 to support Operation Crossroads at Bikini Atoll through mid-Aug; Pearl Harbor local ops; departed 6 Nov; Norfolk via Panama Canal; decommissioned 10 Jan 1947; stricken 25 Feb 1947; transferred to Maritime Administration 1 Apr 1948; NDRF James River; sold during the 1960s to Union Minerals & Alloys Corp., subsequently scrapped. 'Artemis earned two battle stars for her World War II service.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- 1943-1966
- Limitations
- Primary Navy historical entry - authoritative for service history, custody chain, and disposal. Contains no asbestos or materials information; supports no asbestos claim. Live NHHC page 404s (standing link rot, cf. BATCH-01); the Wayback capture is the verbatim NHHC text. Its 'two battle stars' conflicts with NavSource's 'one battle star' / campaign-medal count (1) - logged in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-artemis-aka21-02
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive - USS Artemis (AKA-21), file 10/02/02021 (live page not fetchable to automated readers; retrieved via Wayback capture 20250207080718) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 02021.htm (Wayback capture 20250207080718) - specifications block, campaign table, awards ribbon row, commanding-officer table, disposal entries
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline corroborates DANFS and adds detail: call sign NHME; TransRon Fifteen / TransDiv Forty-Three (CAPT. W. S. Popham USN); campaign credit - Iwo Jima operation, assault and occupation 19-27 Feb 1945; Navy Occupation service 4 Oct - 24 Nov 1945; assigned to Joint Task Force 1, Task Unit 1.2.6 (Target Vessel Group - Merchant Type Units - Transport Division 94, TRANSDIV 94) for Operation Crossroads; decommissioned Norfolk 10 Jan 1947; stricken 25 Feb 1947; NDRF James River (Fort Eustis) from 1 Apr 1948; sold for scrapping during the 1960s to Union Minerals and Alloys Corp. Spec block: 4,025 lt / 6,800 fl; 426' x 58' x 16'6" loaded; 16.9 kt trial; complement 27 officers + 276 enlisted; boom 30 t; armament 1x5"/38 DP + 4 twin 40mm + 10x20mm; boats 1 LCP(L) + 12 LCVP + 2 LCM; troop accommodations 267; propulsion twin screws 3,300 shp each / 6,000 shp total, 2 Westinghouse turbo-electric engines, 2 Wickes 2-drum D-type superheater boilers (44,000 lb/hr each, 450 psi at 750 deg F) + 2 desuperheaters + 2 economizers; ship's-service generators 2x100kW DC + 1x150kW AC + 2x250kW AC; fuel NSFO 9,540 bbls + diesel 365 bbls. CO table: LCDR Rattray 28 Aug 44 - 3 Mar 45; LCDR Lair 3 Mar 45 - 1946; LCDR Robinson 1946 - 10 Jan 47.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- 1943-1966
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary compilation - detailed but non-official; consistent with NHHC on the main record. Three data defects logged in gaps: (a) timeline bullet 'Commissioned ... 29 August 1944' conflicts with DANFS/SDB and its own CO table (28 Aug); (b) 'one battle star' + campaign-medal count (1) conflicts with the hosted DANFS text's 'two battle stars'; (c) displacement block (4,025 lt / 6,800 fl) conflicts with DANFS/SDB 7,080 limiting. Contains no asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-artemis-aka21-03
-
[4]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - ARTEMIS (AKA-21), Ship History Detail 320, incl. scanned vessel status cards [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- ShipHistory Detail 320 registry block, milestone table, documents tab (ARTEMIS-1.pdf), status-card tab (4 scans)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- MARAD ShipHistory registry record for this hull: Year Built 1944; Shipyard 'Walsh-Kaiser Company'; General Type Naval Auxiliary; Specific Type 'AKA Attack Cargo Ship'; MARAD Type S4-SE2-BE1; length 426.00 ft; beam 58.00 ft; net 3,288 t / gross 6,059 t; displacement summer 6,800 t / lightweight 4,025 t; fate 'Sold - Scrap'; milestones - Disposition 9/9/1966, Withdrawal 9/9/1966. Documents tab carries ARTEMIS-1.pdf and four status-card scans (320_600AF.jpg, 320_600BF.jpg, 320_AF.jpg, plus one PNG).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- 1944-1966
- Limitations
- Authoritative MARAD registry record. The status-card scans are JP2 raster images not text-readable by this research pass - custody entries not individually transcribed (archival lead). The milestone table contains an anomalous 'Renamed 12/18/1945 to Maracaibo / Redelivered to Compania Uruguay de Commercio y Maritima' pair assessed as conflated rows from a different MC hull file - see correction row ev-uss-artemis-aka21-05. Contains no asbestos, materials, or condition-survey information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-artemis-aka21-04
-
[5]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory Detail 320, milestone table - 'Renamed 12/18/1945 to Maracaibo' and 'Redelivered to Compania Uruguay de Commercio y Maritima' entries [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- ShipHistory Detail 320, milestone table rows 1-2
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Data-quality correction: MARAD's milestone table for ARTEMIS (AKA-21) lists 'Renamed 12/18/1945 to Maracaibo' and 'Redelivered to Compania Uruguay de Commercio y Maritima' (undated). These milestones are impossible for this hull: on 18 Dec 1945 she was in commission as USS Artemis (moored San Francisco 10 Dec 1945; sailed for Samar 20 Dec per DANFS), remained USS Artemis until decommissioning 10 Jan 1947, entered NDRF James River 1 Apr 1948, and was sold for scrap 1966 (MARAD's own disposition/withdrawal 9/9/1966). The 'Maracaibo'/Uruguay lines are assessed as milestone rows conflated from a different Maritime Commission hull file during digitization.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- 1945-1966
- Limitations
- Assessment, not a located record: the conflation theory is inferred from the documented Navy custody chain (DANFS + MARAD's own registry/disposition dates), not from a corrected MARAD file. If a MARAD status-card scan or RG 357 custody file later shows this hull actually carried the name Maracaibo, this correction stands to be reversed. Not asbestos-related.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-artemis-aka21-05
-
[6]Weitz, R., Thomas, C., Klemm, J., Stuart, J., Knowles, M., 'Analysis of radiation exposure for naval units of Operation Crossroads. Volume 3. (Appendix B) support ships,' Science Applications International Corp. technical report SAI-84-1567-VOL-3 (March 1982), OSTI 6354991 - USS ARTEMIS (AKA-21) entry; corroborated by VA News, 'Veteran of the Day: Navy Veteran Lee O. McKinnon Sr.' (news.va.gov/91610), a named Artemis Crossroads crewman [other_primary]
- Locator
- SAI-84-1567-VOL-3, Appendix B, USS ARTEMIS (AKA-21) support-ship information summary (crew 160; 0.216 REM; contamination factor 3; departure BAKER+24)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Official dose-reconstruction entry for this hull: 'SHIP: USS ARTEMIS (AKA-21); CREW SIZE: 160; GROUP: TRANSPORT; MISSION: ARTEMIS arrived at Bikini on May 27, 1946, to prepare for the operation. Although originally designated as a target ship, ARTEMIS instead functioned as a base for radiological LCPLs and their crews during CROSSROADS.' Reconstructed film-badge dose: total calculated dose received while at Bikini 0.216 REM; ship contamination factor 3 at departure; departed Bikini 18 Aug 1946 (BAKER + 24). NavSource's 'Target Vessel Group' phrasing reflects the organizational assignment (TU 1.2.6 / TRANSDIV 94); the SAIC report classifies her among 121 non-target support ships - she was not moored in the target array.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- 1946 (event); 1982 (reconstruction)
- Population
- USS Artemis crew of 160 during Operation Crossroads (May-Aug 1946); radiological LCPL boat crews she hosted
- Limitations
- Ship-specific government exposure documentation, but RADIOLOGICAL not asbestos - documents ionizing-radiation dose reconstruction for the crew, not insulation materials. Dose is a 1982 model reconstruction, not a 1946 measurement; crew size 160 (at-test manning) is lower than the 303 authorized complement. The 'support ship' role also means she was not in the inner target array, though she served as the radiological-LCPL base and carried contamination factor 3 at departure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-artemis-aka21-06
-
[7]Consolidated era/design inference - BuShips SDB 1945 v3 machinery row for this hull + S4-SE2-BE1 type data (shipscribe AKA-21 class page; NavSource spec block) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v3 machinery table, AKA section (ARTEMIS row); NavSource 02021 propulsion block; https://shipscribe.com/usnaux/AKA/AKA21.html class data
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference: this hull carried a twin-screw turbo-electric steam plant (two Westinghouse turbo-electric engines, two Wickes 2-drum D-type boilers at 450 psi / 750 deg F with desuperheaters and economizers) built at the peak of WWII asbestos usage at a Maritime Commission emergency yard - the machinery configuration for which boiler and fireroom insulation, main and auxiliary steam-line lagging, turbo-generator lagging, valve and flange gaskets, machinery packing, and accommodation joiner insulation of the period were commonly asbestos-containing. Troop-space outfitting (capacity 267) added interior insulation scope. Post-Navy custody (NDRF James River lay-up 1948-1966) and the 1966 breaking are the disturbance-phase pathways for this hull.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- 1943-1966
- Population
- Construction trades at Walsh-Kaiser, Providence (1943-44); wartime crew and embarked troops; NDRF James River caretakers (1948-1966); 1966 breaking-yard workers
- Limitations
- Inference from the documented machinery plant and construction era - NOT a hull record. No survey, specification, or material schedule naming AKA-21 was located; establishes no asbestos content, quantity, location, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-artemis-aka21-07
-
[8]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and emergency construction program under which this S4-SE2-BE1 attack cargo ship was mass-produced - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in shipbuilding.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or class and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-artemis-aka21-08
-
[9]Fleischer, W.E., Viles, F.J. Jr., Gade, R.L., and Drinker, P., 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels,' J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28(1):9-16 (Jan 1946), PMID 21016030 [other_primary]
- Locator
- PubMed record PMID 21016030; article pp. 9-16 (pipe covering material section)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- The U.S. Maritime Commission-commissioned industrial-hygiene survey of WWII pipe-covering operations at two Navy yards and two Navy contract yards documented that 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels is amosite' - i.e., asbestos insulation was standard material in wartime naval-vessel construction of exactly this hull's era and type.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- survey ~1944-45; published 1946
- Population
- WWII pipe coverers and insulators at Navy and contract yards (era context)
- Limitations
- Era-level documentation of asbestos use in naval construction generally; does not name this vessel, class, or builder yard (whether Walsh-Kaiser Providence was among the surveyed contract yards is unverified) and establishes nothing about this hull's materials, condition, or any individual exposure. (The study's exculpatory 'not a dangerous occupation' conclusion has since been heavily criticized - see the 2026 critique at DOI 10.1177/10482911261446696.)
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-artemis-aka21-09
-
[10]Antonelli v. Walsh-Kaiser Co., Inc., 47 A.2d 863, 72 R.I. 1 (R.I. 1946), CourtListener opinion 4106892 [court_record]
- Locator
- Opinion, 47 A.2d 863 (facts section - mast house / welding fumes / cargo boat under construction); companions 53 A.2d 330 (CourtListener 4109392), 55 A.2d 858 (CourtListener 4105259)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Builder-yard litigation context (other litigation - NOT asbestos): the Rhode Island Supreme Court decided a workmen's-compensation appeal for a 17-year-old Walsh-Kaiser employee overcome by fumes in February 1945 while waiting to drill holes inside the steel-and-painted-walled 'mast house' of a combat cargo boat under construction at the Fields Point yard - the same yard, the same months, and the same class of hulls this ship came down the ways in. The court's causation finding: inhalation of fumes, probably carbon monoxide, increased inner cranial pressure and caused a brain hemorrhage; the hospital record showed partial paralysis. Companion comp cases in the same court: Blau v. Walsh-Kaiser Co. (53 A.2d 330, 1947 - dermatitis venenata occupational disease) and Rigo v. Walsh-Kaiser Co. (55 A.2d 858, 1947 - fall into a ship's afterpeak).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- 1945 (injury); 1946-1947 (opinions)
- Population
- Walsh-Kaiser Fields Point construction workforce (peak 21,264 in Jan 1945)
- Limitations
- Builder-era occupational-injury litigation only - no asbestos allegation, no asbestos finding, and no identification of which specific hull the injured worker was inside. Documents the construction environment at the builder, nothing about this hull's materials or any crew exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-artemis-aka21-10
-
[11]U.S. Maritime Commission (West Coast Regional Office, Oakland), Booklet of General Plans for AKA-21 USS Artemis, drawings dated 1944-01-04, file unit 'S4-SE2-BE1 S5-0-1 to S17-2-6' (Internet Archive scan, collection ship-design-drawings, item aka21td1944) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Internet Archive item aka21td1944 (metadata + 30 files; PDF/zip of full plan sheets)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A hull-specific primary artifact exists and is publicly scanned: the Maritime Commission Booklet of General Plans for AKA-21 USS Artemis (134.7 MB, drawings dated 4 Jan 1944), covering this hull's general arrangement, deck plans, and body/lines/sheer plans under the S4-SE2-BE1 design (MC hull 1882, Walsh-Kaiser Fields Point, yard item YID 1993). This is the design document for this specific hull, not a class generic.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- 1944
- Limitations
- The drawing package was located and identified but not sheet-by-sheet reviewed for insulation schedules, machinery-space arrangements, or material callouts; its presence is an archival lead, not an asbestos finding. If insulation specifications appear anywhere for this hull they would most plausibly appear in this booklet or in the RG 19 BuShips S4-SE2-BE1 design files.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-artemis-aka21-11
-
[12]Batch-998 search ledger (this record): NHHC/DANFS via Wayback; NavSource 02021 via Wayback; MARAD ShipHistory Detail 320 + status-card scans; BuShips SDB 1945 v3; shipscribe AKA-21 class page; DOE/OSTI 6354991 full text; Internet Archive BOGP; NARA Special List 44; CourtListener (API blocked - citation lookups only); indexed-web litigation checks [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-artemis-aka21-01 through sl-uss-artemis-aka21-12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, court finding, or docketed asbestos case naming USS Artemis / AKA-21 / MC hull 1882 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). Indexed-web litigation checks surface only name collisions - merchant vessels named Artemis and unrelated 'Artemis' party names - plus law-firm marketing ship lists (asbestos-ships.com dedicated hull page; simmonsfirm.com navy ship list) that name the hull without primary support, an excluded source class logged in the batch report.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- 2026-09-21
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 turbo-electric steam auxiliary is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials, and her ~18 years in NDRF custody plus the 1966 breaking are undocumented disturbance phases. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility. Systematic CourtListener name/hull sweeps were blocked by API rate limiting (HTTP 429, 2,800/day shared quota exhausted on this machine); residual litigation coverage rests on indexed-web checking and citation-lookup endpoints only - a coverage gap, not a clean negative.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-artemis-aka21-12
-
[13]NARA Special List 44 (Named Vessels - WWII deck logs, RG 24) + NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 19 (Records of the Bureau of Ships), RG 178 (Records of the U.S. Maritime Commission), RG 357 (Records of the Maritime Administration) [other_primary]
- Locator
- https://www.archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/special-list-44-named (Artemis AKA-21 row); /guide-fed-records/groups/019.html ; /groups/178.html ; /groups/357.html ; MARAD Detail 320 status-card scans
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - requires research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): NARA Special List 44 confirms Navy deck logs exist for ARTEMIS (AKA-21) covering 8/28/1944 - 6/30/1945 (RG 24, NARA College Park) - the commissioning-through-post-Iwo Jima period; BuShips records incl. S4-SE2-BE1 contract plans and Booklet of General Plans masters (RG 19); USMC construction-contract records for MC hull 1882 at Walsh-Kaiser (RG 178); MARAD/NDRF custody files covering the 1948-1966 James River lay-up and the 1966 Union Minerals & Alloys sale file (RG 357) - the sale file is the most promising disposal-era hazmat lead; the MARAD Detail 320 status-card scans may carry additional handwritten custody entries.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-21
- Study period
- 1944-1966 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-artemis-aka21-13