Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]research packet dj-packet.md (5 sources cited) [museum_official]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED. Laid-down/launch dates UNVERIFIED. No phantom indicators.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-atr-28-atr28-pkt-dj-packet-md
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[2]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 3 (NAVSHIPS 250-012, 1945), Auxiliaries - Rescue Tugs (ATR) section: per-hull rows for ATR-28 across machinery and construction tables, and 'ATR 21-40' active-listing in the List of Naval Vessels (shipscribe.com scan of the official BuShips publication) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v3 ATR section pp. 414-416 (class characteristics table; per-hull 'Manufacturer of engine / Manufacturer and type of boiler' table; 'By whom and where built' construction table); List of Naval Vessels, 'RESCUE TUGS (ATR)' block ('ATR 21-40')
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official BuShips Ships' Data 1945 Vol. 3 carries a per-hull row for ATR-28: engine manufacturer Fulton Iron Works, vertical triple-expansion; boilers 2 x Babcock & Wilcox 'D' type; builder 'Fulton Shipyard, Antioch, Calif.'; laid down 27 Jan 1944; launched 6 Aug 1944; commissioned 25 Sep 1944. Class block for ATR 1-40: wood hulls; 165'5" oa / 155'0" wl x 33'4" beam; 1,312 t trial / 1,315 t limiting displacement; 15'10" draft (average maximum load); 12.2 kt trial; 1 propeller, 1,600 shp; boiler conditions 260 psi saturated; 2 turbo-drive 60 kW 120 V DC ship's-service generators; fuel 1,620 bbls; armament 1 x 3"/50 cal (D.P.); largest boom 4 t; accommodations 5 officers + 47 enlisted. The same volume's List of Naval Vessels shows 'ATR 21-40' as in-service rescue tugs.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1945
- Limitations
- Authoritative wartime BuShips publication naming this hull - confirms identity, machinery plant, manning, builder, and commissioning. OCR of the scanned tables is columnar and partially garbled; values cross-verified against NavSource and shipscribe. Boiler pressure reads 260 psi here vs '200psi' in the NavSource spec block - the official figure is carried and the variance logged in gaps. Contains no materials, insulation, or asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-atr-28-atr28-01
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[3]Shipscribe U.S. Navy auxiliary ships data sheets, 'USS ATR-1 Class' page (Stephen S. Roberts compilation from Navy registers, BuShips records, and Maritime Commission files) [other_primary]
- Locator
- ATR-1 class page: characteristics block; Construction table (ATR-28 row); Disposition table (ATR-28 row); Ship Notes (ATR-28 entry); Class Notes (rescue-tug program history)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Ship-design compilation naming this hull in the class tables: ATR-28 ordered 22 Jul 1942; builder Fulton SY; keel 27 Jan 1944; launched 6 Aug 1944; commissioned 25 Sep 1944. Disposition row: decommissioned 6 Dec 1946; struck 23 Dec 1947; disposal 20 Jul 1948; fate 'MC/D' (Maritime Commission disposal); MC sale 18 May 1948. Ship note: 'Earlier order: Weaver SYs (19 Jun 42). Sold (awarded) by MC to David A. Fall, San Pedro, Cal., delivered 20 Jul 48.' Class notes: ATR 1-40 ordered under the Maximum War Effort (1,799-vessel) program per CNO direction of 19 Jan 1942; Navy chose wooden hulls and simple triple-expansion machinery so small yards could build them; design attributed to the firm of John G. Alden; wooden ATRs averaged 9.4 months keel-to-launch and 13.6 months keel-to-commissioning.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1942-1948
- Population
- Fulton Shipyard construction workforce (1944); Mare Island inactivation workforce (1946); Maritime Commission and buyer-side handlers at 1948 delivery
- Limitations
- Compiled secondary transcription of official Navy register and Maritime Commission records, not the registers themselves - the underlying NVR/MC custody cards were not directly inspected; consistent with SDB 1945 and NavSource where they overlap. Contains no asbestos information; the disposal events document custody, not materials content. Post-sale fate beyond delivery to David A. Fall is undocumented.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-atr-28-atr28-02
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[4]NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive - USS ATR-28, file 09/40/40028 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 40028.htm - build/service timeline block, specifications block, awards block, photo captions and credits
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: laid down 27 Jan 1944 at Fulton Shipyard, Antioch, CA; launched 6 Aug 1944; commissioned 25 Sep 1944, LT W. Swanson in command; decommissioned late 1946 at Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, CA; struck from the Naval Register 'date unknown'; disposed of in 1946, fate 'unknown'. Awards block: American Campaign Medal and World War II Victory Medal. Call sign NFES. Two photos: underway 28 Sep 1944 at Antioch (US Navy Bureau of Ships photo, NARA RG-19-LCM photo 19-N-72284) and moored pierside at the Oakland Supply Depot, July 1946 (contributed by crew member S. R. 'Stub' Watkins, USS ATR-28 April-August 1946). Explicit note: 'There is no DANFS history available for USS ATR-28.' Spec block: 852 t lt / 1,315 t fl; 165'6" x 33'4" x 15'6"; 12.2 kts; 5 officers + 47 enlisted; 1 x 3"/50 + 2 x 20mm; Fulton Iron Works vertical triple-expansion engine; 2 B&W 'D' boilers '200psi'; 1,600 shp; fuel 1,630 bbls.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled specialist secondary source - detailed but non-official; used for corroboration, awards, photo pointers, and the commissioning CO. Defects logged in gaps: stricken date 'unknown' here vs shipscribe's 23 Dec 1947 (shipscribe carried); disposal given as '1946' vs shipscribe's documented 1948 MC sale; boiler pressure '200psi' vs SDB's official 260 psi; fuel 1,630 vs SDB 1,620 bbls. Contains no asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-atr-28-atr28-03
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[5]Library of Congress, Veterans History Project - Norman Walter Hansen Collection, AFC/2001/001/119979 (service summary + photo album incl. item captioned 'U.S.S. ATR-28 - San Joaquin River', album p. 59) [other_primary]
- Locator
- LOC VHP collection record AFC/2001/001/119979, Service History block; photo album resource afc2001001.119979.ph0001001 sp=59
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official LOC Veterans History Project service record for a crewman of this hull: Norman Walter Hansen, U.S. Navy, WWII; highest rank Machinist's Mate Second Class; dates of service 1944-1946; drafted; service units/ships 'Lion Four; Navy Repair Unit 3205; USS ATR-28'; locations of service 'Great Lakes, Illinois; San Diego, California; Admiralty Islands (Bismarck Archipelago)'; service-history note 'the veteran repaired damaged warships.' A photo in the collection album is captioned 'U.S.S. ATR-28 - San Joaquin River.' Establishes that this hull carried a machinist's-mate billet and served in the Admiralty Islands during 1944-1946.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Wartime crew (machinist's mates and engineering ratings) - individual named service aboard this hull
- Limitations
- Veteran-contributed primary collection cataloged by the Library of Congress - the service-unit list does not establish the dates or duration Hansen was aboard this hull versus his other listed units (Lion Four; Navy Repair Unit 3205), and the 'repaired damaged warships' note describes his overall duty, not necessarily work performed aboard ATR-28. Contains no asbestos, materials, or exposure information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-atr-28-atr28-04
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[6]Consolidated era/design inference - BuShips SDB 1945 v3 per-hull machinery row for ATR-28 + ATR-1 class characteristics (SDB class block; shipscribe ATR-1 class notes) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v3 pp. 414-416 (ATR class block incl. '3 Wood hulls' footnote; ATR-28 machinery row); https://www.shipscribe.com/usnaux/ATR/ATR01.html class notes
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference: this hull carried a compact single-screw steam plant (one Fulton Iron Works vertical triple-expansion engine; two Babcock & Wilcox 'D'-type boilers at 260 psi saturated) built in 1944 at a small wartime yard - the machinery configuration for which boiler casings, steam-drum and steam-line lagging, valve and flange gaskets, machinery packing, and accommodation insulation of the period were commonly asbestos-containing. Two documented scope limiters: the hull was wood by program design (thermal insulation confined to machinery spaces, no steel-hull fireproofing scope), and the plant was only 1,600 shp - materially less insulated surface than a combatant's plant. Documented disturbance-phase pathways for this hull: builder's-yard fitting-out (Fulton, 1944), western-Pacific service (Admiralty Islands per the Hansen LOC record), inactivation at Mare Island Navy Yard (Dec 1946), Maritime Commission sale and delivery to a private buyer (May-Jul 1948), and undocumented post-sale disposal.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1944-1948
- Population
- Fulton Shipyard construction workforce (1944); wartime engineering crew; Mare Island inactivation workforce (1946); 1948 sale/delivery handlers and post-sale breaking workers
- Limitations
- Inference from the documented machinery plant and construction era - NOT a hull record. No survey, specification, or material schedule naming ATR-28 was located; establishes no asbestos content, quantity, location, condition, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-atr-28-atr28-05
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[7]Fleischer, W.E., Viles, F.J. Jr., Gade, R.L., and Drinker, P., 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels,' J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28(1):9-16 (Jan 1946), PMID 21016030 [other_primary]
- Locator
- PubMed record PMID 21016030; article pp. 9-16 (pipe covering material section)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- The U.S. Maritime Commission-commissioned industrial-hygiene survey of WWII pipe-covering operations at two Navy yards and two Navy contract yards documented that 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels is amosite' - i.e., asbestos insulation was standard material in wartime naval-vessel construction of exactly this hull's era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- survey ~1944-45; published 1946
- Population
- WWII pipe coverers and insulators at Navy and contract yards (era context)
- Limitations
- Era-level documentation of asbestos use in naval construction generally; does not name this vessel, class, or builder yard (whether Fulton Shipyard Antioch was among the surveyed contract yards is unverified) and establishes nothing about this hull's materials, condition, or any individual exposure. (The study's exculpatory 'not a dangerous occupation' conclusion has since been heavily criticized - see the 2026 critique at DOI 10.1177/10482911261446696.)
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-atr-28-atr28-06
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[8]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and emergency construction program under which this wooden-hulled steam rescue tug was built at a small contract yard.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or class and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-atr-28-atr28-07
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[9]Batch-2961 search ledger (this record): BuShips SDB 1945 v3 (shipscribe scan); NavSource 40028; shipscribe ATR-1 class page; LOC Veterans History Project AFC/2001/001/119979; NHHC/DANFS availability check; Naval Vessel Register; VA BVA decisions index; indexed-web litigation checks; CourtListener authenticated API (fleet pacing-blocked); NARA record-group guides [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-atr-28-atr28-01 through sl-uss-atr-28-atr28-10
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, court finding, or docketed asbestos case naming USS ATR-28 / ATR-28 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The hull was never named and never received a DANFS history. CourtListener API sweeps of the exact hull strings were attempted repeatedly on 2026-09-26 and returned the fleet-wide pacing block on each attempt - the litigation surface is logged as blocked, not as an absence finding. Indexed-web litigation checking surfaced no case naming the hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 steam auxiliary is era-consistent with asbestos-containing machinery insulation, and the undocumented post-1948 commercial disposal leaves the hull's materials fate entirely unrecorded. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility. Litigation negative coverage is weaker than batch standard: CourtListener API did not return a clean result for any query this session (fleet pacing limiter blocked every attempt), so the negative rests on indexed-web checking alone.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-atr-28-atr28-08
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[10]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 24 (Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel - Navy deck logs), RG 19 (Records of the Bureau of Ships, incl. RG-19-LCM photo series), RG 178 (Records of the U.S. Maritime Commission), RG 181 (Records of Naval Districts and Shore Establishments - Mare Island Navy Yard) [other_primary]
- Locator
- https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/024.html ; /groups/019.html ; /groups/178.html ; /groups/181.html ; https://www.archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy-deck-logs-1941-1959
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - requires research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): Navy deck logs for USS ATR-28, Sep 1944 - Dec 1946 (RG 24, NARA College Park); BuShips photo 19-N-72284 and ATR-1 design/inspection records (RG 19); U.S. Maritime Commission disposal file for the 1948 sale to David A. Fall, San Pedro (RG 178) - the most promising disposal-era hazmat lead; Mare Island Navy Yard inactivation/overhaul records for the December 1946 decommissioning (RG 181).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1944-1948 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. NARA catalog digitization status for these logs could not be verified (catalog API requires an API key; catalog search UI is JS-rendered and did not return content to automated fetch). Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-atr-28-atr28-09