Evidence
9 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-9).
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[1]research packet ds-packet.md (3 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-atr-81-atr81-pkt-ds-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online spec block (class-standard data) + Shipscribe ATR-1 class machinery data - correlated with WWII-era shipbuilding insulation practice documented in Corn & Starr, AJIM 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource ATR-81 page specifications block (propulsion section); https://shipscribe.com/usnaux/ATR/ATR01.html class header data
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Class/era inference: the ATR-1 class (of which this hull is one) carried a steam plant - two Foster Wheeler 'D'-type boilers at 260 psi saturated steam feeding a Prescott Co. vertical triple-expansion reciprocating engine, 1,600 shp - reproduced in the NavSource spec block and Shipscribe class data. Steam plants of the WWII era were typically insulated and lagged with asbestos-containing materials; period steam-system gaskets, packing, and insulation felts commonly contained asbestos. Era-typical applications for the type: boiler and steam-drum insulation; steam-line lagging; valve and flange gaskets; machinery packing.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Construction trades (Kruse & Banks, North Bend, 1943-44); engine-room and fireroom crew (1944-46)
- Limitations
- The spec block documents the machinery plant at class level; no source documents insulation materials aboard this specific hull. The wooden hull removes the steel-ship structural-insulation pathway but not the boiler/steam-line lagging pathway - era inference is correspondingly confined to the machinery spaces. Does not establish presence, quantity, present-day material status, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-atr-81-atr81-01
-
[3]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and program under which this wooden-hulled rescue tug was mass-produced (ordered 28 Nov 1942 under the Navy's wartime auxiliary construction program) - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in ship construction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers (Kruse & Banks, North Bend, 1943-44) and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or class and does not establish that asbestos was aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation. Wooden hull construction removes the structural-insulation pathways documented for steel combatants; the inference rests on the documented steam machinery plant only.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-atr-81-atr81-02
-
[4]Shipscribe (Stephen S. Roberts), 'USS ATR-1 Class' - construction/disposition tables, ship notes, and class notes compiled from BuShips, Navy, and Maritime Commission records [other_primary]
- Locator
- Construction table (ATR-81 row), Disposition table (ATR-81 row), Ship Notes (ATR-81 note), class header data and class notes
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Shipscribe ATR-1 class data (compiled from Navy and Maritime Commission records): ATR-81 ordered 28 Nov 42; built by Kruse & Banks Ship Building Co., North Bend, OR; keel 22 Mar 43; launched 24 Feb 44; commissioned 29 Apr 44. Disposition: decommissioned 30 Sep 46; struck 4 Apr 47; Navy disposal date 9 Apr 47; fate 'MC/D' (Maritime Commission disposal). Ship note: 'Sold 9 Apr 47 at Pearl Harbor by WSA to the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA). Subsequently reported in the Marianas in November 1947 with hull repairs completed but no generator or boiler operating and part of her crew returning to Honolulu.' Class data: wooden hulls; design 'Navy ATR-1'; displacement 852 light / 1,315 max; 165.4' oa x 33.3' x 15.8'; complement 51 (1944); 12.2 kts; 1 screw, vertical triple expansion, 1,600 HP. Class notes document program origin: BuShips 12 Sep 41 letter to CNO recommending rescue tugs; CNO directive 19 Jan 42 for ATR 1-40 under the Maximum War Effort (1,799-vessel) program; VCNO directive 5 Aug 42 for ATR 50-89; Navy chose wood hulls and simple triple-expansion steam machinery so small yards could build hulls and local machine shops could build engines.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- Crew of ~51 (1944-46)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation of primary Navy/MC records - not itself the primary document. Conflicts with NavSource on decommission detail ('in 1946' vs 30 Sep 46), strike date ('unknown' vs 4 Apr 47), and disposal agency phrasing ('WSA' sale vs NavSource's 'transferred to the Maritime Commission' - WSA disposal functions had passed to MC by then; both carried). Contains no asbestos, insulation, or materials statement.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-atr-81-atr81-03
-
[5]NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive, USS ATR-81 page (last updated 1 Apr 2022) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Ship page: milestones, campaign table, specifications block, awards/ribbons, photo index
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource Online Service Ship Photo Archive page for USS ATR-81: laid down 22 Mar 1943 at Kruse & Banks Ship Building Co. Inc., North Bend, OR; launched 24 Feb 1944; commissioned 29 Apr 1944, LT. M. P. Smith in command; assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater; Iwo Jima operation 26-28 Feb 1945; Occupation Service in the Far East 1 Oct - 5 Nov 1945; decommissioned 1946; transferred to the Maritime Commission 1947 for disposal; struck from the Naval Register (date unknown); final disposition 'fate unknown.' Specifications: 852 t. light / 1,315 t. full; 165'6" x 33'4" x 15'6"; 12.2 kts; one 3"/50 dual-purpose mount, two single 20mm AA; complement 5 officers + 47 enlisted; one Prescott Co. vertical triple-expansion reciprocating steam engine, two Foster Wheeler 'D'-type boilers 260 psi sat., two turbo-drive 60 kW 120 V D.C. ship's-service generators, single propeller 1,600 shp. Awards: American Campaign Medal; Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (1 star); WWII Victory Medal; Navy Occupation Service Medal with Asia clasp. Radio call sign NTHB. Page states explicitly: 'There is no DANFS history available for USS ATR-81.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Limitations
- Volunteer-maintained archive reproducing official figures - corroborative, not an original primary source. Strike date 'unknown' here conflicts with Shipscribe's 4 Apr 47 (Shipscribe is MC-record-derived; both carried). 'Transferred to the Maritime Commission in 1947' vs Shipscribe's 'sold by WSA' - agency phrasing discrepancy logged. Complement 5+47 vs Shipscribe 51 vs HyperWar 35 - conflict carried in gaps. No asbestos or materials statement.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-atr-81-atr81-04
-
[6]HyperWar (ibiblio), 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945 - AT: Tugs / ATR: Rescue Tugs' page, compiled from official U.S. Navy ships data [other_primary]
- Locator
- ATR section: class characteristics line + ATR-81 row (commissioned 1943-45)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- HyperWar 'Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1940-1945' AT/ATR page lists ATR-81 in commission 1943-45 among the wooden-hulled rescue tugs 'built to patrol convoy lanes'; class characteristics shown: displacement 852 t.; length 165'6"; beam 33'4"; draft 15'6"; speed 12 kts; armament 1x3"; complement 35; triple-expansion reciprocating steam engines, single screw, 1,600 hp.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1943-1945
- Limitations
- Compiled ships-data listing; confirms the hull existed and was in commission during 1943-45 and corroborates class characteristics (wooden hull, steam plant). Complement 35 conflicts with NavSource (52) and Shipscribe (51) - carried in gaps. Contains no asbestos or materials statement.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-atr-81-atr81-05
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[7]U.S. Department of the Navy, Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual NAVPERS 15,790 (Rev. 1953), Part IV - HyperWar transcription [other_primary]
- Locator
- Part IV section 2(16) ship list (ATR 81 / P33-1 row) and section 2(18) Navy Occupation Service Medal ships table (ATR 81 row: https://ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ref/Awards/Awards-IV-17.html)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Navy and Marine Corps Awards Manual NAVPERS 15,790 (Rev. 1953) credits ATR-81: (a) Part IV, Area Campaign Medals ship list - 'ATR 81: 26 Feb 45 - 28 Feb 45, code P33-1' (Assault and occupation of Iwo Jima, 15 Feb - 16 Mar 45 operation window), i.e. one Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal engagement star; (b) Navy Occupation Service Medal ships table - 'ATR 81: 1 Oct - 5 Nov 45, clasp A' (Asia).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1945
- Population
- Crew aboard during the Iwo Jima operation (26-28 Feb 45) and Far East occupation service (1 Oct - 5 Nov 45)
- Limitations
- Official 1953 awards-eligibility tables transcribed by HyperWar - establishes operation participation and occupation-service credit for award purposes; records no combat narrative detail for this hull. Contains no asbestos or materials statement.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-atr-81-atr81-06
-
[8]Batch-3011 search ledger (this record): NavSource ATR-81 page; Shipscribe ATR-1 class page; HyperWar ships + NAVPERS 15,790 awards tables; NHHC/DANFS presence check; MARAD ShipHistory; NVR; CourtListener authenticated name and hull-number searches [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-atr-81-atr81-01 through sl-uss-atr-81-atr81-13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, materials list, or docketed case naming ATR-81 was found in the public sources searched, and no DANFS entry exists for this hull (NavSource states 'no DANFS history available'; NHHC site search and canonical DANFS URL patterns return no ATR-81 entry). CourtListener authenticated searches: 'ATR-81' opinions 0 hits; 'ATR 81' opinions 0 hits; 'USS ATR-81' opinions 0 hits; 'ATR-81' docket index returned 3 hits - all name collisions (the string inside filed documents in F.H. v. West Morris Regional HS Bd. of Educ., D.N.J. 2:19-cv-14465, an education case; and Stolt-Nielsen Transportation Group v. United States, D.D.C. 1:05-cv-02217 and 1:06-cv-00474, FOIA Vaughn-index dockets); none names the vessel and none is asbestos litigation (see search_ledger).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1943-44-built steam auxiliary is era-consistent with asbestos-containing machinery insulation even in a wooden hull. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-atr-81-atr81-07
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[9]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 24 (Navy deck logs), RG 19 (Bureau of Ships), RG 181 (Naval Districts), RG 178 (U.S. Maritime Commission), RG 248 (War Shipping Administration), RG 59 Entry A1-1416 (UNRRA subject file); UN Archives UNRRA fonds [other_primary]
- Locator
- archives.gov record-group guides (024, 019, 181, 178, 248); RG 59 A1-1416 per archives.gov WWII refugees/relief records guidance; search.archives.un.org UNRRA fonds
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - require research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): (a) NARA RG 24 WWII deck logs (College Park) covering this hull Apr 1944 - Sep 1946; (b) NARA RG 19 Bureau of Ships construction/contract correspondence for the Kruse & Banks ATR contract group (order dated 28 Nov 1942); (c) NARA RG 181 Fourteenth Naval District records (Pearl Harbor) covering the disposal period; (d) Maritime Commission / War Shipping Administration vessel disposal-sale records underlying the 9 Apr 1947 UNRRA transfer (RG 178 / RG 248); (e) UNRRA institutional records - UN Archives (New York) and NARA RG 59 subject file A1-1416 on U.S. participation in UNRRA - for post-sale disposition of this hull.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1942-1949 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. An archival lead is not evidence of asbestos aboard - it marks where ship-specific materials records might exist.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-atr-81-atr81-08