Evidence
6 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-6).
-
[1]DANFS, Batfish II (SSN-681) - construction, documented yard availabilities, disposal [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS service narrative
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull (NHHC DANFS): contract awarded 25 June 1968 to General Dynamics Corp., Electric Boat Division, Groton; keel laid 9 February 1970; launched 9 October 1971, sponsored by Mrs. Arthur R. Gralla; delivered and commissioned 1 September 1972, Comdr. Richard E. Enkeboll in command. DANFS records post-shakedown availability at Electric Boat 16 July-November 1973; restricted availability at Charleston Naval Shipyard October 1976 and January-February 1977; a New London drydocking October 1978 for specialized equipment; and a non-refueling overhaul at Norfolk Naval Shipyard 1 March 1979-6 June 1980. Decommissioned and stricken 17 March 1999; disposed of by submarine recycling at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard 22 November 2002.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1968-2002
- Population
- EB construction trades (1970-72); CNSY/NNSY availability trades; crew (1972-1999)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. Charleston/Norfolk/EB availabilities documented; material disturbance is not.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-batfish-ssn681-01
-
[2]Naval Vessel Register, Batfish (SSN-681) detail page (Internet Archive Wayback capture) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NVR SHIPSDETAIL SSN-681 milestone table
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Naval Vessel Register detail record (archived capture): award 25 June 1968; keel 9 February 1970; launch 9 October 1971; delivery and commission 1 September 1972; decommissioned and stricken 17 March 1999; status changed 22 November 2002 ('Disposed of by submarine recycling'); complement 14 officers + 98 enlisted.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1968-2002
- Population
- None
- Limitations
- Register milestone data only; no material characterization. Live NVR requires Navy SSO; figures read from archived capture.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-batfish-ssn681-02
-
[3]Cronin v. Todd Shipyards Corporation, No. 3:08-cv-03274-MMC (N.D. Cal.), complaint Exhibit A, ECF No. 1-2 (filed 2008-07-08) [court_record]
- Locator
- ECF 1-2, Exhibit A vessel list (Mare Island Naval Shipyard shops + 'various vessels'; decedent electrical engineer 1978-1995)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Asbestos complaint exhibit (plaintiff Cronin's Mare Island Naval Shipyard work-history exhibit, electrical engineer, 1978-1995) lists vessels ('including but not limited to') the plaintiff's decedent worked on or around, expressly including 'BATFISH (SSN-681)' among submarines and other hulls. The exhibit assigns no per-vessel dates to this entry (some other entries carry date annotations).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1978-1995
- Population
- Mare Island Naval Shipyard trades (plaintiff's claimed window)
- Limitations
- Complaint-exhibit vessel list; unadjudicated pleading-stage allegation - not a finding that asbestos was aboard any listed hull. The exhibit's Mare Island window (1978-1995) is NOT corroborated by this hull's documented record: DANFS places Batfish on the Atlantic side (Charleston/New London/Norfolk availabilities) - no Pacific or Mare Island period is documented. Whether any contact occurred during an undocumented West Coast visit cannot be resolved from located sources. Establishes nothing about materials aboard this hull, exposure of any individual, quantity, or eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-batfish-ssn681-03
-
[4]Era inference built on: NHHC DANFS/NVR record (S5W2 plant, single shaft); shipyard-exposure-map documented asbestos product lists for the associated yards; no hull-specific material record located [other_primary]
- Locator
- class/era synthesis (no ship-specific document)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era inference: a Sturgeon-class nuclear attack submarine built 1970-72 at Electric Boat, Groton, and maintained through Charleston and Norfolk availabilities sits inside the Navy's peak asbestos-use era. Era-standard applications on the secondary steam plant (steam generators feeding geared turbines) and auxiliary systems included thermal/pipe insulation, gaskets, packing, and machinery insulation. Documented asbestos product lines at the associated yards (Electric Boat/Groton, Charleston NSY, Norfolk NSY) are recorded in the shipyard-exposure-map dataset.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1970-2002
- Population
- Shipyard construction trades (1970-72); yard availability trades; crew (1972-1999)
- Limitations
- CLASS/ERA INFERENCE ONLY - no ship-specific material schedule, insulation survey, or abatement record was located for this hull. Names era-standard applications on non-nuclear auxiliary systems; the S5W2 reactor plant itself establishes nothing. Does not establish asbestos aboard this hull, any exposure, or any quantity. Never infer ship-specific findings from this row.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-batfish-ssn681-04
-
[5]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - covering this hull's construction and the bulk of her service-era insulation events.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1970-2002
- Population
- Navy ship and shipyard population (program-level)
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-batfish-ssn681-05
-
[6]Batch-40 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS, archived Naval Vessel Register detail pages, CourtListener docket records via RECAP archive, GAO program documentation [other_primary]
- Locator
- synthesis of the ship's search-ledger rows
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located for USS Batfish (SSN-681): no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or adjudicated exposure finding naming this hull was found. The Cronin exhibit naming this hull is a pleading-stage allegation with an uncorroborated Mare Island window. No other qualifying litigation naming this hull was located in the retrieved RECAP corpus.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Population
- Shipyard construction trades; overhaul trades; crew
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard or absence of exposure. Recycling-era hazmat/abatement records for the Ship-Submarine Recycling Program are not public. CourtListener live search was rate-limited/auth-walled during this batch (logged in the search ledger); coverage rests on the retrieved RECAP document corpus and prior-batch sweeps, which is not exhaustive. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-batfish-ssn681-06