Evidence
7 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-7).
-
[1]National Park Service, USS Becuna NHL/NRHP nomination (NRIS 78002458; NRHP published 29 August 1978) [nps]
- Locator
- NPS NPGallery asset 7d537516-dffc-4d66-9a7e-1b8783d3acda (nomination form)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The NPS nomination documents this hull: built by Electric Boat Company, Groton; launched 30 January 1944; commissioned 27 May 1944; Balao-class fleet submarine (improved Gato, test depth 400 ft); 308 ft, 1,526 t surfaced / 2,415 t submerged; crew 8 officers + 72 enlisted; pre-snorkel diesel-electric submarine operating underwater on batteries; converted to snorkel-equipped GUPPY IA configuration in 1951. NRHP-listed as NRIS 78002458 (published 29 August 1978); National Historic Landmark (1986-era designation).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1944-1986
- Population
- EB construction trades (1943-44); crew (1944-1969); GUPPY conversion yard personnel (1951)
- Limitations
- Official designation documentation; describes the hull's historic configuration and materials generally but contains no asbestos-specific findings. NHL designation year commonly given as 1986 - exact designation date not pinned in located text.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-becuna-ss319-01
-
[2]Independence Seaport Museum, official USS Becuna exhibit page [museum_official]
- Locator
- phillyseaport.org/submarine-becuna/
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The museum documents this hull's service and preservation: five WWII patrols; four battle stars; GUPPY IA modernization completed 1951; Atlantic, Mediterranean (Sixth Fleet), Arctic, and training service; 'called Philadelphia home since 1969'; moved to Penn's Landing and opened as a museum in 1976 for the Bicentennial; placed on display 21 June 1976; moored alongside USS Olympia since.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1969-present
- Population
- Museum visitors and staff (1976-present)
- Limitations
- Official museum page; ship-specific but curator-level history. No asbestos or material content. 'Since 1969' refers to arrival/decommissioning era; display opening was 21 June 1976.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-becuna-ss319-02
-
[3]Ocean and Coastal Consultants engineering dive survey of USS Becuna hull (27-28 October 2010) [other_primary]
- Locator
- occnj.blogspot.com 2010-11 post
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- An engineering dive survey of this hull on 27-28 October 2010 documented: 307.6 ft x 27.3 ft, 17 ft draft, ~1,830 t surfaced displacement; through-hull blanking plates installed on all flooding and utility holes; dive planes and rudder permanently fixed; torpedo doors permanently shut; ultrasonic thickness measurements taken on blanking plates; timber-pile dolphins surveyed. The survey addressed hull condition only - no hazardous-materials content.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 2010
- Population
- Survey dive crew (2010)
- Limitations
- Consultant engineering survey reported on the firm's own blog - a genuine hull-condition record but not a federal primary source and contains no asbestos/hazmat findings. Useful as an archival lead for the hull's preservation state.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-becuna-ss319-03
-
[4]Balao-class profile (ships-worktrees class-f/balao-class.class.json) - class-level propulsion and asbestos-relevant pathway context [other_primary]
- Locator
- class-f/balao-class.class.json (house class profile)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Balao-class context: diesel-electric fleet submarines with no boilers or steam plant; era-consistent asbestos pathways for the class include diesel-exhaust lagging, engine gaskets and packing, acoustic/thermal hull insulation, galley and refrigeration materials, and battery/electrical materials. Construction (1943-44, Electric Boat) and the 1951 GUPPY IA conversion availability fall inside the Navy's peak asbestos-use era. As a surviving museum hull, any retained ACM would be a live preservation/visitor-safety question rather than a destroyed-hull footnote.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1943-present (era)
- Population
- Balao-class construction and conversion-yard trades (era context); museum staff and visitors
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - does not name this hull and does not establish that any particular asbestos-containing material is or was installed aboard SS-319. No ACM survey of the museum hull was located.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-becuna-ss319-04
-
[5]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - covering Becuna's construction (1943-44), 1951 GUPPY conversion, and all availabilities through her 1969 decommissioning.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-becuna-ss319-05
-
[6]CourtListener API v4 (2026-09-18): sweeps for "USS Becuna" / "Becuna" and "SS-319" could not be executed - anonymous quota exhausted (HTTP 429) [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-becuna-ss319-06 through sl-uss-becuna-ss319-07
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CourtListener litigation sweep NOT COMPLETED for this hull: the shared anonymous API quota (125 requests/day) was exhausted before this vessel's queries ran; every request returned HTTP 429 ('Expected available in ~69,771 seconds' at last check). No qualifying asbestos litigation was located in the other sources searched, but CourtListener coverage is absent rather than negative for this hull.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 2026-09-18
- Limitations
- CourtListener gap is an absence of coverage, not a negative finding - no docket data of any kind was retrieved for this hull. State-court and non-digitized records are also uncovered. Sweep should be re-run under an authenticated API token in a future pass.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-becuna-ss319-06
-
[7]Batch-23 search ledger (this record): NPS NHL/NRHP nomination; Independence Seaport Museum; OCC 2010 dive survey; GAO; CourtListener sweeps [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-becuna-ss319-01 through sl-uss-becuna-ss319-08
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record (survey, abatement contract, industrial-hygiene report, or docketed case) naming this hull was found in the public sources searched; CourtListener coverage was unavailable due to quota exhaustion (see search_ledger).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 2026-09-18
- Limitations
- Does not establish absence of asbestos aboard - only absence of located public documentation. As a museum hull open to visitors, undocumented ACM (if any) would carry live preservation and visitor-safety implications. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-becuna-ss319-07