Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
-
[1]research packet ey-packet.md (5 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (identity name
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-bennett-dd473-pkt-ey-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, Bennett (DD-473), Vol. I p. 117 (namesake biographical note, specifications block, service narrative, battle stars; verbatim hazegray.org transcription via Wayback capture 2023-10-02 - live NHHC pages serve 404 site-wide; no ibiblio dd473.html exists) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry (hazegray dd473txt.htm, Wayback capture 2023-10-02), specifications block + service narrative
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: launched 16 April 1942 by Boston Navy Yard, sponsored by Mrs. Floyd Bennett, widow of Aviation Machinist Bennett; commissioned 9 February 1943, Commander E. B. Taylor in command; arrived Pearl Harbor 31 May 1943; plane guard/patrol out of Efate 27 August - 28 October; Solomons from 4 November 1943 to 5 April 1944 - Cape Torokina/Bougainville landing support (1 November 1943), Green Island (15 February 1944), bombardments of Kavieng (18 February) and Rabaul (29 February); Saipan 14 June - 1 July; Guam 2 - 16 August; Palaus 6 - 25 September; San Francisco repairs from 25 October 1944; Pearl Harbor 24 December; Iwo Jima 19 February - 5 March 1945 (dud-bomb damage 1 March); Okinawa invasion force from 1 April; hit by a Japanese suicide plane at 0850 on 7 April 1945 - DANFS reads three killed and 18 wounded, forward engine room damaged, all electrical power lost; reached Kerama Retto under own power; towed to Saipan by Yuma (ATF-94); Puget Sound Navy Yard repairs May-August 1945; Adak, Aleutians, August 1945 and one Petropavlovsk run with weather personnel (28 August - 26 September); San Diego - in commission in reserve 21 December 1945, out of commission in reserve 18 April 1946. Nine battle stars for World War II. DANFS Vol. I text predates the December 1959 transfer and the 1973 striking - no postwar or disposition narrative in this entry.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1941-1946
- Population
- Boston Navy Yard construction trades 1941-43; wartime crew (DANFS spec complement 329)
- Limitations
- DANFS documents service history and specifications, not materials or asbestos content. This Vol. I entry ends at 1946 decommissioning and nine battle stars - it does not cover the 1959 Brazil transfer or 1973 striking. Kamikaze casualty figures conflict with secondary sources (3 killed/18 wounded vs. 7 killed/14 wounded) - carried in gaps. Mirror transcription cited because live NHHC pages return 404 site-wide.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bennett-dd473-01
-
[3]NavSource Naval History, USS Bennett (DD-473) ship page - operational and building data block (compiled from official ship data; volunteer-maintained archive; retrieved via Wayback capture 2023-08-28) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource DD-473 page (archives/05/473.htm, Wayback capture 2023-08-28), 'Operational and Building Data' + 'Fate' blocks
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource ship data block for this hull: laid down by Boston Navy Yard 10 December 1941; launched 16 April 1942; commissioned 9 February 1943; decommissioned 18 April 1946; stricken 1 August 1973; to Brazil 15 December 1959, renamed Paraiba; fate 'stricken and scrapped in 1978.' Machinery per NavSource: 60,000 shp, Allis Chalmers turbines, 2 screws, 38 knots, crew 273 (class design per BuShips data reads General Electric turbines; the ship's own 1945 Navy Day booklet reads Foster-Wheeler boilers - conflicts carried in gaps). Flag hoist/radio call sign NAZV.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1941-1978
- Population
- Crew (NavSource figure 273)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer-maintained compilation of official data - treated as a secondary transcription source, not a primary document; dates consistent with DANFS. Documents construction data and disposition, not materials or asbestos content. The 1973 stricken date is consistent with the Brazilian record's initial five-year loan (renewed custody while remaining on the US register).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bennett-dd473-02
-
[4]Destroyer History Foundation, USS Bennett (DD-473) ship pages incl. Paraiba (D-28) subpage (foundation-compiled from DANFS and command histories) [other_primary]
- Locator
- destroyerhistory.org/fletcherclass/ussbennett/ - main narrative; Paraiba subpage (index.asp?pid=47307&r=47300)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Destroyer History Foundation record for this hull: laid down at Boston Navy Yard with twin sister Fullam (DD-474) on 10 December 1941; the pair launched together 16 April 1942; commissioned 9 February 1943 the same day as John Rodgers (DD-574) - together the 39th ships of the 2,100-ton Fletcher class; first CO Cdr. Edmund B. Taylor, former commander of Duncan (DD-485), with crew partly drawn from Duncan and O'Brien (DD-415) survivors; DesRon 45 / Division 89 (flagship Fullam, Guest, Hudson, Halford) in the Solomons; fired on by Japanese shore batteries in the Shortland Islands May 1944 with Halford; overhaul at Hunters Point between the Palau operation and Iwo Jima; on Radar Picket Station No. 4 stood by Bush (DD-529) and Colhoun (DD-801) when lost 6 April 1945; kamikaze crash 7 April killed seven men and wounded fourteen (conflicts with DANFS's 3 killed/18 wounded - carried in gaps); Navy Unit Commendation for that action; reserve 21 December 1945, decommissioned 18 April 1946; on 15 December 1959 'sold to Brazil' with Guest - entering service as CT Paraiba (D-28); Brazilian service to 1978 - the Paraiba subpage reads 'sunk as a target' 1978 while the main page reads 'sold for scrap in 1978' (conflict carried in gaps); nine service stars plus the NUC.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1941-1978
- Population
- Crew 1943-1946 (unquantified)
- Limitations
- Foundation-compiled history - secondary compilation, not itself a primary document; internally inconsistent on Brazilian fate ('sunk as a target' vs. 'sold for scrap') and on transfer mechanics ('sold' vs. Brazilian record's five-year loan). Documents timeline and operations, not materials or asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bennett-dd473-03
-
[5]Navios de Guerra Brasileiros (NGB), CT Paraiba - D 28 (1959-1978) ship page - Brazilian Navy service record for ex-USS Bennett (DD-473) [other_primary]
- Locator
- naval.com.br NGB P027 page - 'Datas' block, 'Caracteristicas', and 'Historico' (1978 decommissioning paragraph)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Brazilian-side service record for this hull: CT Paraiba - D 28, ex-USS Bennett (DD-473), fourth Brazilian ship of the name; built by Boston Navy Yard; 'transferido por emprestimo inicial de cinco [anos]' - transferred on an initial five-year loan at Bremerton, Washington - and incorporated into the Brazilian Navy 15 December 1959, Capitao-de-Fragata Nelson Fernandes in command; 21 August 1978 joint ceremony with CT Para (D-27) for Mostra de Desarmamento (disarmament inspection) and baixa do Servico Ativo (decommissioning from active service). Brazilian-era characteristics: 2,050 t standard / 3,050 t loaded; 4 Babcock & Wilcox boilers, 2 GE steam turbines, 60,000 shp, 2 shafts; crew 310. The loan (not outright sale) documented here reconciles why the hull remained on the U.S. Naval Register until stricken 1 August 1973.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1959-1978
- Population
- Brazilian crew and shipyard workers 1959-1978 (complement 310 per NGB)
- Limitations
- Brazilian reference compilation (naval.com.br NGB series) - secondary, not an official Brazilian Navy page; consistent with NavSource/destroyerhistory on dates and adds the loan mechanics the US-side sources omit. Documents custody and disposition, not materials or asbestos content; Brazilian-custody maintenance/abatement undocumented.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bennett-dd473-04
-
[6]USS Bennett DD-473 Navy Day booklet (27 October 1945), contemporaneous ship-published document transcribed on the Bob Ross USS Bennett reunion site (Wayback capture 2019-09-16) [other_primary]
- Locator
- bobrosssr.tripod.com/473history.html (Wayback 2019-09-16) - 'USS Bennett DD473 Navy Day October 27, 1945' foreword + officers roster + 'History of the USS Bennett DD473'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Contemporaneous October 1945 ship-published Navy Day booklet for this hull: engineering plant 'is steam turbine, and her Foster-Wheeler boilers are capable of building up a speed of 37 knots'; commanding officers - Cdr. Edmund B. Taylor (commissioning), Lt. Cdr. Philip F. Hauck (from July 1943), Cdr. Jasper N. McDonald (from November 1944); 'veteran of seven major combat operations in twenty-eight months'; commissioned at Boston Navy Yard 9 February 1943; shakedown at Guantanamo Bay; periodic overhaul at Hunters Point, San Francisco; battle-damage repairs at Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, after the kamikaze hit. Machinery statement conflicts with NavSource (Allis-Chalmers turbines; class design reads GE turbines and B&W boilers) - carried in gaps.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1943-1945
- Population
- Crew October 1945
- Limitations
- Contemporaneous ship-published document, but transcribed on a volunteer reunion site (bobrosssr.tripod.com) - transcription fidelity unverified and the booklet predates final disposition. Documents machinery self-description and command timeline, not materials or asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bennett-dd473-05
-
[7]DANFS specifications block (Fletcher class; 35 kt; cpl. 329) + Atlas shipyard dataset, Boston Naval Shipyard record (tier 3; litigation identifying John Crane gaskets and sealing materials at the yard) + Fletcher class profile (ships-worktrees class-c) + NARA RG19 General Information Books archival lead [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS spec block and service narrative; shipyards.json record 'boston-naval-shipyard'; fletcher-class.class.json; NARA RG19 lead
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/yard inference: a WWII Fletcher-class destroyer built 1941-43 with a four-boiler/60,000-shp steam plant would have carried period-standard asbestos boiler and steam-line insulation, turbine lagging, gaskets, packing, fireproofing, and deck coverings; builder Boston Navy Yard (Boston Naval Shipyard) is documented at yard level in the Atlas dataset (tier 3), including litigation identifying John Crane gaskets and sealing materials at the yard; the Fletcher class profile documents identical machinery plant across the class. Documented yard windows when insulation rip-out and replacement were standard practice: construction and fitting-out at Boston Navy Yard 1941-43; the Hunters Point overhaul of October-December 1944; and the Puget Sound Navy Yard battle-damage rebuild May-August 1945 (forward engine room replacement after the 7 April kamikaze). NARA RG19 'General Information Books' per-vessel material specifications are an unretrieved archival lead for hull-level specs.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1941-1978
- Population
- Boston Navy Yard construction trades 1941-43; Hunters Point and Puget Sound yard workers 1944-45; crew 1943-1946; Brazilian crew/yard workers 1959-1978
- Limitations
- Class/era and builder-yard inference only - NOT a hull-specific finding; no ship-specific asbestos record was located (ev-07, ev-08). Yard-event asbestos scope is inference; sources name the yards but do not describe materials handled. Brazilian-custody yard work 1959-78 undocumented. NARA GIB retrieval not performed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bennett-dd473-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - placing DD-473's construction (1941-43), her entire commissioned service (1943-1946), her documented overhauls (Hunters Point 1944; Puget Sound 1945), and her reserve period through the 1959 transfer inside the documented asbestos-use era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full report text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bennett-dd473-07
-
[9]CourtListener API v4 opinion searches, "USS Bennett" (0 results) and "DD-473" (2 results, both non-qualifying), type=o, 2026-09-27; type=r docket sweeps blocked by shared fleet pacing budget [court_record]
- Locator
- CourtListener API v4 search q="USS Bennett" type=o (0 results); q="DD-473" type=o (2 results enumerated: opinion ids 1925729, 2027352)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener opinion-index sweep for 'USS Bennett' returned 0 results. The hull-number sweep 'DD-473' returned 2 results, both non-qualifying name collisions: Bryant v. Jax Liquors, 352 So. 2d 542 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1977), opinion id 1925729 - 'DD-473' is that case's own Florida appellate docket number, a liquor-liability/minor-plaintiff matter with no vessel and no asbestos; and In re Powell, 15 B.R. 465 (Bankr. N.D. Ga. 1981), opinion id 2027352 - a bankruptcy proceeding with no vessel and no asbestos. No asbestos opinion naming this hull was located in the opinion index; independent web search likewise surfaced no published asbestos opinion naming DD-473 - only law-firm marketing list pages (excluded per sourcing rules). 'Bennett' is a high-collision surname in asbestos dockets (decedent/defendant surnames), so exact-phrase and hull-number queries were required.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 2026-09-27
- Limitations
- Opinion-index coverage is not complete (ship-named asbestos rulings often sit in docket text rather than published opinions); the type=r RECAP docket sweeps for 'USS Bennett' and 'DD-473' were quota-limited at session end by the shared fleet pacing budget (~114/hr across all sessions) - completeness caveat carried in gaps. Absence of hits does not prove absence of litigation naming the hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bennett-dd473-08
-
[10]Batch-3456 search ledger (this record): DANFS via hazegray/Wayback; NavSource via Wayback; destroyerhistory.org; NGB Brazil (naval.com.br); ship's 1945 Navy Day booklet via reunion site/Wayback; Naval Vessel Register; CourtListener API v4 (opinions complete; dockets blocked by fleet pacing); GAO HRD-80-2; law-firm/aggregator ship pages (excluded per sourcing rules) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-bennett-dd473-01 through sl-uss-bennett-dd473-12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, materials inventory, museum hazmat disclosure, or docketed/published asbestos case naming USS Bennett (DD-473) was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The hull was transferred to Brazil on an initial five-year loan in December 1959, stricken from the US Naval Register 1 August 1973, and disposed under Brazilian custody in 1978 - it never became a museum and left US documentation channels before modern asbestos documentation practice, so the disclosure paths that produced ship-specific records for preserved hulls do not exist here.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-27
- Study period
- 2026-09-27
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - era and design are consistent with period-standard asbestos materials (ev-06, ev-07), and Brazilian-custody handling 1959-1978 plus 1978 disposal are undocumented for materials. Does not establish that asbestos is or is not present; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bennett-dd473-09