Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
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[1]research packet w-packet.md (1 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-bingham-apa225-pkt-w-packet-md
-
[2]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 3 (NAVSHIPS 250-012, 1945), auxiliaries - transports, attack (APA) section, per-hull rows for BINGHAM APA-225 (shipscribe.com scan of the official BuShips publication) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v3 APA per-hull tables, printed pp. 223-228 (dimensions p.223, personnel p.224, machinery p.225, electrical/fuel p.226, armament p.227, construction p.228); alphabetical index 'Bingham (ex- M.C.V. Hull 573) - APA 225'; M.C.V. hull cross-index p. 714
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official BuShips Ships' Data 1945 Vol. 3 carries per-hull rows for BINGHAM (ex-M.C.V. Hull 573) APA-225: dimensions 455'0" overall / 436'6" pp; beam 62'0"; 17.7 knots; 14,837 tons (limiting displacement); personnel row 56 officers + 480 enlisted ship's company, 87 troop officers + 1,475 troop enlisted; machinery row 1 Westinghouse geared turbine, 8,500 shp, 2 Babcock & Wilcox header-type boilers at 465 psi / 750 deg F, single screw; electrical 120/240 DC, fuel 7,780 bbls NSFO + 970 diesel; armament row 1 x 5"/38 cal (D.P.) + 4 twin and 1 quad 40mm; cargo 150,000 cu ft / 2,900 DWT; construction row - builder Permanente Metals Corp., Richmond, Calif., acquired 23 Dec 1944, commissioned 23 Dec 1944. Alphabetical index entry 'Bingham (ex-M.C.V. Hull 573) - APA 225' and M.C.V. hull cross-index confirm hull identity.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1945
- Limitations
- Authoritative wartime BuShips publication naming this hull - confirms identity, machinery plant, manning, builder, and commissioning. OCR of the scanned columnar table is partially garbled; values cross-verified against DANFS, MARAD, and NavSource (troop officers read as 87 here vs 86 in NavSource - discrepancy logged in gaps). Contains no materials, insulation, or asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bingham-apa225-01
-
[3]DANFS, 'Bingham' (APA-225) entry, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships Vol. 1B Part 5 (verbatim transcription mirrors: hazegray.org and historycentral.com; live NHHC page returns 404) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS Vol. 1B Part 5 'Bingham' entry (hazegray.org/danfs/volume_b/vol_b_05.htm; identical text at historycentral.com/navy/APA/Bingham.html)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS records: Bingham is a county in Idaho. APA-225 (dp. 6,873; l. 455'; b. 62'; dr. 24'; s. 17.5 k.; cpl. 536; a. 1x5"; cl. Haskell) was launched 20 November 1944 by Permanente Metals Co., Richmond, Calif., under a Maritime Commission contract; sponsored by Mrs. John V. Harrell; transferred to the Navy 23 December 1944 and commissioned the same day, Captain L. F. Brown, USNR, in command. From 1 March to 22 September 1945 Bingham carried troops and cargo in the Marianas, with one voyage to Okinawa (20-30 June); she then shifted to 'Magic Carpet' runs returning servicemen from the Philippines to San Francisco (25 September 1945 - 31 March 1946). Decommissioned 17 June 1946 and returned to the Maritime Commission the next day. Bingham received one battle star for her operations off Okinawa.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Limitations
- Verbatim DANFS text via transcription mirrors - the live NHHC DANFS page and its /danfs/b.html index return 404 (2026-09-25); hazegray.org was unreachable by direct fetch (DNS failure) but content was verified through the search-index capture, and historycentral.com carries identical verbatim text and fetched live (HTTP 200). DANFS print says 'Yard No. 1' where the MARAD custody card and NavSource say Yard No. 2 - resolved in the correction row. No asbestos or materials content; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bingham-apa225-02
-
[4]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - BINGHAM (APA-225/LPA-225), Ship History Detail 530, incl. digitized vessel status cards (530_980AF.jpg front / 530_980AB.jpg back) [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- ShipHistory Detail 530 registry fields + milestone table; status-card images /cards/530_980AF.jpg (front: identity, lay-up reason, FY-1955 repair withdrawal) and /cards/530_980AB.jpg (back: ballast report, exchange-contract disposal note)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- MARAD ShipHistory record and scanned status cards document this hull's custody: type VC2-S-AP5, MCV hull 573, built 'Permanente #2' 12-1944, ownership WSA, fleet JR (James River), entered fleet 6-18-46; reason for lay-up recorded as 'High cost to convert for commercial use'; fuel on entry 335 bbls Bunker C + 131 bbls diesel; termination port of last voyage NORFOLK; permanent ballast (cement) reported 12/1/49 in 3rd deck/#2 and #4 holds; Repair Program FY 1955 event - withdrawn 5/11/1955 and returned 6/20/1955 under GAA custodian A. L. Burbank; registry milestones record Disposition 10/14/1983 'Traded out for CONNECTICUT' and Withdrawal 10/14/1983, fate 'Sold - Scrap'; card reverse states: 'Withdrawn and delivered to Aquilar Y. Peris S.A. (Spanish) pursuant to Exchange Contract for CONNECTICUT, Connecticut Transport, Inc., trade out scrap ships GALLATIN, BINGHAM. Contract No. MA-11432, dated 9-17-83. Ships to be scrapped in Spain. Delivered to buyer 10-14-83.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1946-1983
- Population
- NDRF James River Group caretakers (1946-1983); FY-1955 repair-program workforce; 1983 breaking-yard workers (Spain)
- Limitations
- Authoritative for government custody milestones and disposal; status-card handwriting read from scans (some entries partially legible). Documents a 1955 reserve-fleet repair-program withdrawal (a disturbance-phase event) and the 1983 exchange-contract sale for scrapping in Spain. Contains no asbestos, materials, or condition-survey information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bingham-apa225-03
-
[5]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS Bingham (LPA-225) ex USS Bingham (APA-225), file 10/03/03225 (compiled timeline, campaign table, spec block, CO table) [other_primary]
- Locator
- navsource.net/archives/10/03/03225.htm - timeline, Asiatic-Pacific campaign table (Okinawa Gunto 24-30 Jun 1945), spec block, commanding-officer table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource compiles from official records: laid down 22 September 1944 as Maritime Commission type VC2-S-AP5 (MCV hull 573) at Permanente Metals Corp. Yard No. 2, Richmond, CA; launched 20 November 1944; acquired on loan-charter; commissioned 23 December 1944, Capt. Leon Frederick Brown USNR (sole CO listed, 23 Dec 1944 - 17 Jun 1946). WWII assignment: Asiatic-Pacific Theater, TransRon Twenty-four (COMO E. L. Short USNR), TransDiv Seventy-one (CAPT W. P. Davis USN); campaign - Okinawa Gunto operation, assault and occupation 24-30 June 1945; occupation service 10-22 September 1945. Decommissioned 17 June 1946 at Norfolk, VA; returned to War Shipping Administration 18 June 1946 for lay-up NDRF James River Group, Lee Hall, VA; struck from the Naval Register 3 July 1946; one battle star; redesignated Amphibious Transport LPA-225 on 1 January 1969; title transferred to MARAD May 1975; sold for scrapping 17 September 1983 to Aguilar Y. Peris S.A., Spain, removed 14 October 1983. Spec block: 6,873 t lt / 14,837 t fl; 455' x 62' x 24'; 17.7 kt; complement 56 officers + 480 enlisted; troops 86 officers + 1,475 enlisted; cargo 2,900 DWT / 150,000 cu ft; armament 1x5"/38 DP, 1 quad + 4 twin 40mm, 10 single 20mm; propulsion one geared turbine (listed as Joshua Hendy), two B&W header-type boilers, 8,500 shp, single screw.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1983
- Population
- Construction trades at Permanente Metals Yard No. 2, Richmond (1944); wartime crew (~536) and embarked troops (~1,561); NDRF caretakers; 1983 breaking-yard workers (Spain)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation from official records (DANFS, Navy registers, MARAD), not a primary register itself; used where consistent with SDB/DANFS/MARAD. Its 'Joshua Hendy' turbine attribution conflicts with the official BuShips machinery row ('Westgh. turb.') - logged in gaps; Okinawa campaign start 24 June vs DANFS narrative's '20-30 June' voyage - logged in gaps. Contains no asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bingham-apa225-04
-
[6]Consolidated era/design inference - BuShips SDB 1945 v3 machinery row for this hull + Haskell-class (VC2-S-AP5) type data [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v3 machinery table, APA section (BINGHAM row, p. 225); Haskell-class profile (class-f worktree) for VC2-S-AP5 type data
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference: this hull carried a single-screw geared-steam plant (one Westinghouse geared turbine; two Babcock & Wilcox header-type boilers at 465 psi / 750 deg F superheat - SDB machinery row for this hull) built at the peak of WWII asbestos usage at the Permanente Metals (Kaiser) Richmond yard - the machinery configuration for which boiler and fireroom insulation, main and auxiliary steam-line lagging, turbine lagging, valve and flange gaskets, machinery packing, and accommodation joiner insulation of the period were commonly asbestos-containing. Attack-transport outfitting (troop accommodations ~1,561) added interior insulation and joiner scope. Post-Navy custody - NDRF James River lay-up 1946-1983 (with the FY-1955 repair-program withdrawal) and the 1983 breaking in Spain - are the disturbance-phase pathways for this hull.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1983
- Population
- Construction trades at Permanente Metals Richmond (1944); wartime crew and embarked troops; FY-1955 repair-program workforce; NDRF lay-up caretakers (1946-1983); 1983 breaking-yard workers
- Limitations
- Inference from the documented machinery plant and construction era - NOT a hull record. No survey, specification, or material schedule naming APA-225 was located; establishes no asbestos content, quantity, location, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bingham-apa225-05
-
[7]Fleischer, W.E., Viles, F.J. Jr., Gade, R.L., and Drinker, P., 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels,' J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28(1):9-16 (Jan 1946), PMID 21016030 [other_primary]
- Locator
- PubMed record PMID 21016030; article pp. 9-16 (pipe covering material section)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- The U.S. Maritime Commission-commissioned industrial-hygiene survey of WWII pipe-covering operations at two Navy yards and two Navy contract yards documented that 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels is amosite' - i.e., asbestos insulation was standard material in wartime naval-vessel construction of exactly this hull's era and type.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- survey ~1944-45; published 1946
- Population
- WWII pipe coverers and insulators at Navy and contract yards (era context)
- Limitations
- Era-level documentation of asbestos use in naval construction generally; does not name this vessel, class, or builder yard (whether Permanente Metals Richmond was among the surveyed contract yards is unverified) and establishes nothing about this hull's materials, condition, or any individual exposure. (The study's exculpatory 'not a dangerous occupation' conclusion has since been heavily criticized - see the 2026 critique at DOI 10.1177/10482911261446696.)
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bingham-apa225-06
-
[8]CourtListener API v4 opinion and RECAP docket sweeps (authenticated; fleet-paced) 2026-09-25 - queries: "USS Bingham" (opinion + docket), "APA-225" (opinion + docket), "LPA-225" (opinion + docket), "Bingham" asbestos (opinion), "Bingham" "APA-225" (opinion), "Bingham" (docket) [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-bingham-apa225-06 through sl-uss-bingham-apa225-10
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No qualifying asbestos litigation naming this hull located. "USS Bingham": 0 opinions, 0 dockets. "Bingham" "APA-225": 0 opinions. "APA-225" opinion hits (2) are name collisions - Carey v. Commissioner of Correction, 479 Mass. 367 (2018) (a corrections drug-detection case) and Kan-Di-Ki, LLC v. Suer (Del. Ch. 2015, a corporate dispute) - neither names the vessel; classified non-qualifying. "APA-225" docket hits (10) and "LPA-225" hits (1 opinion; 20 dockets) are unrelated docket-internal strings, bankruptcy, and party-name collisions. "Bingham" asbestos opinion sweep returns ~188 hits dominated by surname collisions (e.g., OSHA administrator Eula Bingham cases; plaintiff Bingham v. Marshall & Huschart) - top-ranked results reviewed, none naming the vessel; bare "Bingham" docket sweep returns ~22,033 surname collisions. Consistent with the Haskell-class profile's finding that no Haskell-member asbestos docket was located.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 2026-09-25
- Limitations
- RECAP/indexed-text coverage only; filings that name the ship only inside unscanned exhibits would not surface. The ship is county-named - 'Bingham' surname and place collisions dominate unqualified sweeps, so hull-number phrases were relied on; a name-only pleading that never used 'USS' or the hull number could still escape the sweep. Absence of a located docket is not proof no claim was ever filed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bingham-apa225-07
-
[9]Batch-2299 search ledger (this record): DANFS transcription mirrors (NHHC live 404); NavSource 10/03/03225; MARAD ShipHistory Detail 530 + status-card scans; BuShips SDB 1945 v3 per-hull rows; CourtListener name/hull sweeps; VA BVA index; NVR; GAO HRD-80-2 product page; NARA record-group guides; excluded law-firm ship-list check [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-bingham-apa225-01 through sl-uss-bingham-apa225-14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, court finding, or docketed asbestos case naming USS Bingham / APA-225 / LPA-225 / MCV hull 573 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). Law-firm marketing pages (asbestos-ships.com dedicated hull page; asbestosnavy.com and simmonsfirm.com ship lists) name the hull and assert era-typical asbestos content without primary support - excluded as a source per the no-law-firm-sources rule and logged in the batch report.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 2026-09-25
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 Victory-type steam auxiliary is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials, and her ~37 years in NDRF custody, the undocumented FY-1955 repair-program work, and the 1983 breaking in Spain are undocumented disturbance phases. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bingham-apa225-08
-
[10]MARAD ShipHistory status card (530_980AF.jpg) 'Permanente #2 / 12-1944' vs DANFS print 'Yard No. 1'; NavSource 'Yard No. 2'; SDB 1945 v3 construction row 'Permanente Metals Corp., Richmond, Calif.' [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- MARAD card front field 7 ('Permanente #2 / 12-1944'); DANFS print entry; NavSource spec/timeline; SDB1945v3 construction row p. 228
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Builder-yard discrepancy resolved: the DANFS print text says 'Permanente Metals Co., Yard No. 1,' while the MARAD custody status card for this hull reads 'Permanente #2' and NavSource carries Yard No. 2. The Maritime Commission-built VC2-S-AP5 transports of this contract block were Yard No. 2 output; Yard No. 2 is adopted (2 of 3 sources, including the government's own custody record). The Haskell-class profile's member table misspells the builder 'Permanent Metals' - correct form is Permanente Metals Corporation. Turbine attribution also differs: BuShips records 'Westgh. turb.' (Westinghouse) while NavSource lists 'Joshua Hendy' - Joshua Hendy Iron Works built turbines to the Westinghouse design for Kaiser yards; the official BuShips entry is carried and the NavSource attribution logged.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944
- Limitations
- Resolves publication-level discrepancies in builder-yard numbering and machinery attribution; does not affect identity, dates, or custody timeline. Neither source contains asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bingham-apa225-09
-
[11]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 24 (Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel - Navy deck logs), RG 19 (Records of the Bureau of Ships), RG 178 (Records of the U.S. Maritime Commission), RG 357 (Records of the Maritime Administration); MARAD ShipHistory documents section for this hull [other_primary]
- Locator
- https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/024.html ; /groups/019.html ; /groups/178.html ; /groups/357.html ; NARA deck-log guidance https://www.archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy ; https://vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/ShipHistory/Detail/530
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - requires research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): Navy deck logs for USS Bingham Dec 1944 - Jun 1946 (RG 24, 'Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships and Stations,' NARA College Park; series NAID 594258 is partially digitized - hull-level availability unverified); BuShips records incl. VC2-S-AP5 contract plans and the Booklet of General Plans for this design (RG 19); USMC construction-contract records for MCV hull 573 at Permanente Metals (RG 178); MARAD/NDRF custody files covering the 1946-1983 James River lay-up, the FY-1955 repair-program withdrawal (GAA A. L. Burbank), and the 1983 exchange contract MA-11432 (RG 357) - the MA-11432 contract file is the most promising disposal-era hazmat lead; additional status-card/ballast-survey originals may exist in the MARAD vessel file.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1983 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bingham-apa225-10