Evidence
14 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-14).
-
[1]CourtListener opinion search: 'USS Boreas' [court_record]
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener opinion search 'USS Boreas' returned 0 results (2026-10-07)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Limitations
- zero-hit search; absence of hits is not proof of no litigation
- Evidence ID
- uss-boreas-af8-cl-name-opinion
-
[2]CourtListener docket search: 'USS Boreas' [court_record]
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener docket search 'USS Boreas' returned 59 result(s) (2026-10-07); individual records not reviewed
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Limitations
- hit count only — underlying dockets/opinions not individually reviewed; name query may match same-named vessels
- Evidence ID
- uss-boreas-af8-cl-name-docket
-
[3]CourtListener opinion search: 'AF-8' [court_record]
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener opinion search 'AF-8' returned 14711 result(s) (2026-10-07); individual records not reviewed
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- hit count only — underlying dockets/opinions not individually reviewed
- Evidence ID
- uss-boreas-af8-cl-hull-opinion
-
[4]CourtListener docket search: 'AF-8' [court_record]
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener docket search 'AF-8' returned 177992 result(s) (2026-10-07); individual records not reviewed
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- hit count only — underlying dockets/opinions not individually reviewed
- Evidence ID
- uss-boreas-af8-cl-hull-docket
-
[5]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 3 (NAVSHIPS 250-012, 1945), auxiliaries - store ships (AF) section, per-hull rows for BOREAS AF-8 (shipscribe.com scan of the official BuShips publication) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v3 AF tables pp. 30-35 (dimensions p.30, personnel p.31, machinery p.32, armament/cargo p.34, construction p.35); index entries pp. 663, 772
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official BuShips Ships' Data 1945 Vol. 3 carries a per-hull row for BOREAS AF-8 (ex-Yaquina) across all five AF tables: 416'10" oa / 402'6" wl; extreme beam 53'2"; trial speed 11.0 kts; limiting displacement 12,600 tons; 43 t/in immersion; limiting draft 26'5"; total accommodations 16 officers + 228 enlisted; largest boom 30 t; machinery 1 screw, G.E. Curtis turbine, 2,500 shp, 2 Normand boilers at 220 psi saturated; armament 1 x 5"/51 + 4 x 3"/50 (D.P.); cargo 45,000 cu ft non-refrigerated + 226,000 cu ft refrigerated, 4,300 t total / 3,170 t deadweight; builder 'Moore S.B. & D.D. Co., Oakland, Calif.'; year built 1919; date of first commission 6 Aug 40.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1945
- Limitations
- Authoritative wartime BuShips publication naming this hull - confirms identity, machinery plant, manning, builder, and commissioning. OCR of the scanned table is columnar and partially garbled; values cross-verified against DANFS and NavSource. Contains no materials, insulation, or asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-boreas-af8-01
-
[6]DANFS, 'Boreas (AF-8)' entry (verbatim transcription via hazegray DANFS mirror - live NHHC URL 404s, standing link rot cf. BATCH-01) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry body text + spec block (hazegray transcription, auxil/af8.htm)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS records: launched 1919 as Yaquina by Moore Shipbuilding Co., Oakland, Calif., for the Shipping Board; transferred to the Navy 6 Dec 1921; laid up in reserve at Philadelphia Navy Yard until 1940; commissioned in ordinary 6 Aug 1940; outfitted at Todd-Robbins Dry Dock and Repair Co., Brooklyn, N.Y.; fully commissioned 24 Mar 1941, Cmdr. G. M. O'Rear in command. Joined the Base Force, Pacific Fleet 1 May 1941 for duty as a storeship; completed ten trips between San Francisco and Pearl Harbor 15 Jun 1941 - 9 Dec 1942; made seven more Pacific voyages Jan 1943 - Aug 1945 carrying out logistic missions to the Hawaiian, Marshall, Caroline, Marianas, Solomon, Admiralty, Volcano, and New Hebrides Islands, also visiting New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Okinawa. One voyage in support of the Far Eastern occupation of Okinawa and Japan, remaining until 20 Nov 1945; arrived Norfolk 19 Jan 1946; decommissioned 15 Feb 1946; sold through the Maritime Commission 18 Jul 1946. Spec block: dp 4,654; l. 416'10"; b. 53'2"; dr. 26'5"; s. 11 k.; cpl. 244; a. 2 5"; cl. Arctic.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1919-1946
- Limitations
- Primary Navy historical entry - authoritative for service history, custody chain, and disposal. Contains no asbestos or materials information; supports no asbestos claim. 'Launched in 1919' is imprecise - shipscribe EFC data documents keel 19 Mar 1918, launch 4 Jul 1918, completion 13 Feb 1919 (discrepancy flagged in gaps). Live NHHC page returns 404; the hazegray mirror is the verbatim DANFS text.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-boreas-af8-02
-
[7]NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive - USS Boreas (AF-8), file 09/06/0608 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 0608.htm - specifications block, timeline, awards/ribbons, commanding-officer table, photo credits (NARA/Mare Island yard numbers)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline corroborates DANFS and adds detail: renamed Boreas 29 Oct 1921; struck from the Naval Register 28 Mar 1946; transferred to the Maritime Commission for lay-up in the NDRF James River, Lee Hall, Va., 18 Jul 1946 for disposal; sold for scrapping 24 Jul 1947 to Patapsco Steel Scrap Co., Bethlehem, PA (PD-X-360 dated 19 May 1947) for $44,550.00; withdrawn from the Reserve Fleet anchorage 28 Nov 1947. Spec block adds: boom 30 t; complement 10 officers + 228 enlisted; armament 2 x 5"/51 single + 4 x 3"/50 DP + 8 x 20mm AA; fuel NSFO 10,585 bbls; propulsion 1 GE Curtiss-type turbine, 2 Normand boilers 250 psi sat, double GE main reduction gears, single propeller 2,500 shp, 3 turbo-drive generators (2x70kW + 1x60kW 120V DC); cargo block carries 45,000 cu ft non-refrigerated + 226,000 cu ft refrigerated (columnar layout consistent with SDB). NARA-photo-documented Mare Island Navy Yard availabilities: 10 Oct 1941 (splinter-protection bulwarks around the 5"/51 guns; RG-19-LCM) and 6 Jun 1943 (yard photo series AF 8 4161-43/4174-43/4176-43); commissioning broadside is NARA 19-N-23753. Occupation service 20 Oct - 18 Nov 1945; ribbons American Defense (Fleet clasp), American Campaign, Asiatic-Pacific Campaign, WWII Victory, Navy Occupation (Asia clasp). Six-officer CO table (O'Rear, Burgess, Davis, Burgess, Taylor, Dennis).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1919-1948
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary compilation - detailed but non-official; consistent with NHHC and MARAD. Data variances logged in gaps: full-commission date 24 Apr 1941 (vs DANFS 24 Mar / shipscribe 25 Mar); complement 10+228=238 (vs DANFS/SDB 244); boiler pressure 250 psi (vs SDB 220 psi). The 2 x 5"/51 armament row reflects the as-activated fit before the Apr 1942 class-wide removal of the forward gun (shipscribe). Contains no asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-boreas-af8-03
-
[8]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - BOREAS (AF-8), Ship History Detail 569, incl. scanned vessel status cards (BOREAS.pdf; YAQUINA.pdf cross-reference card) [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- ShipHistory Detail 569 registry block, milestone table, status-card scans (569_1050AF.jpg, 569_1050AB.jpg, V8_01.png, 569_AF.jpg) and documents tab (BOREAS.pdf, YAQUINA.pdf)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- MARAD ShipHistory registry record for this hull: Year Built 1919; Shipyard 'Moore Shipbuilding Company'; General Type Naval Auxiliary; Specific Type 'AF Store Ship'; MARAD Type USSB; length 402.50 ft; beam 53.00 ft; gross 6,100 t; displacement summer 11,570 t / lightweight 4,654 t; fate 'Sold - Scrap'; name history BOREAS (AF-8) / YAQUINA (ID 3851). Milestone table: Entry and Acquisition 7/18/1946; Disposition and Withdrawal 4/28/1947. The scanned status card (BOREAS.pdf, legible) records the custody chain: Navy Department -> War Shipping Admin., 10:00 a.m. 7-18-46, Lee Hall, Va. ('Surplus'); WSA -> Reserve Fleet ('Lay Up'); Reserve Fleet -> U.S. Maritime Commission, 11:30 p.m. 11-28-47, James Riv., Va. ('Lay Up'); U.S. Maritime Commission -> 'Patopsco Scrap Corp.', same date ('Purchase (PDX)'). The YAQUINA card is a cross-reference stub only ('YAQUINA --- See BOREAS').
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1946-1947
- Population
- NDRF James River caretakers (1946-47); Patapsco breaking-yard workers, Bethlehem, PA (1947-48)
- Limitations
- Authoritative MARAD registry plus a legible handwritten status-card scan. The registry milestone table's 'Disposition 4/28/1947 / Withdrawal 4/28/1947' conflicts with its own status card's 11-28-47 delivery to the scrap buyer - the card is carried as the controlling custody record (NavSource/shipscribe reconcile: sale approved May-Jul 1947, physical delivery 28 Nov 1947). Contains no asbestos, materials, or condition-survey information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-boreas-af8-04
-
[9]Shipscribe U.S. Navy auxiliary ships data sheets, 'USS Arctic (AF-7) Class' page (Stephen S. Roberts compilation from Navy registers, CNO/SecNav correspondence, BuShips/EFC design records, and MARAD files) [other_primary]
- Locator
- AF-7 class page: characteristics block, construction table (AF-8 row), disposition table (AF-8 row), class notes (EO 3570 transfer mechanism, 1940-41 refurbishment), ship notes (BOREAS row, EFC 147)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Ship-design compilation naming this hull: class ARCTIC (AF-7), Design EFC 1015; construction table - BOREAS acquired 6 Dec 21, builder Moore DD Oakland, keel 19 Mar 18, launched 4 Jul 18 (same day as sister ARCTIC), commissioned 25 Mar 41; ship note - 'Ex merc. YAQUINA (ID-3851, completed 13 Feb 19). Commissioned in ordinary 6 Aug 40, activated by Robins Dry Dock (Todd), Brooklyn, N.Y., full commission 25 Mar 41. To buyer 28 Nov 47, scrapped by 22 Sep 48.' Disposition table - decomm 15 Feb 46, strike 28 Mar 46, disposal 18 Jul 46 MC/D, MA sale 25 Jul 47. Class notes document the mechanism of acquisition: the Navy sought three refrigerated ships; six long-radius oil-burning EFC Design 1015 hulls incl. YAMHILL, YAQUINA, MEHANNO were of interest; Executive Order 3570 (29 Oct 21) authorized transfers; SecNav assigned names 2 Nov 21 (ARCTIC/BOREAS/YUKON); BOREAS's engines, boilers, and generating plant needed significant work from improper lay-up; she was put directly into reserve without commissioning; SecNav directed the buildup reactivation (YUKON 17 Oct 39, BOREAS following); BOREAS received a major refurbishment similar to DENEBOLA (AD-12) - enlarged superstructure plus her full authorized armament (2-5"/51 + 4-3"/50, held in storage at navy yards since 1921); the forward 5"/51 was removed class-wide in Apr 1942.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1918-1948
- Population
- Moore yard construction workforce (1918-19); Robins/Todd-Robbins reactivation workforce, Brooklyn (1940-41); Philadelphia Navy Yard caretakers (1921-1940)
- Limitations
- Compiled secondary transcription of official Navy register, CNO/SecNav correspondence, EFC design, and MARAD records, not the registers themselves; figures used where consistent with NHHC/SDB/MARAD. Its full-commission date (25 Mar 41) is one of three variants (DANFS 24 Mar; NavSource 24 Apr) - logged in gaps. Contains no asbestos information; the reactivation and armament notes document work events, not materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-boreas-af8-05
-
[10]Consolidated era/design inference - BuShips SDB 1945 v3 machinery row for this hull + EFC Design 1015 type data (shipscribe AF-7 class page) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v3 machinery and cargo tables, AF section (BOREAS rows); https://shipscribe.com/usnaux/AF/AF07.html class data and notes
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference: this hull is a 1918-19 EFC Design 1015 refrigerated steam merchantman carrying a single-screw plant of one GE Curtis-type geared turbine on two Normand boilers (220 psi saturated, SDB machinery row), rebuilt to Navy storeship standard in a major 1940-41 reactivation - boiler and fireroom insulation, main and auxiliary steam-line lagging, turbine and turbo-generator lagging, valve and flange gaskets, machinery packing, and accommodation joiner insulation of both eras were commonly asbestos-containing. The refrigerated-storeship fit (SDB: 226,000 cu ft refrigerated cargo capacity - the largest of the three sisters) implies refrigeration machinery, brine distribution piping, and cold-space insulation of the period, which commonly included asbestos-containing lagging on cold lines. Disturbance-phase pathways documented for this hull: the 1940-41 Robins/Todd-Robbins reactivation (major structural/armament scope), Mare Island Navy Yard availabilities (Oct 1941, Jun 1943), 19 years of interwar reserve lay-up at Philadelphia Navy Yard, 16 months in NDRF James River, and the 1947-48 breaking at Patapsco's Bethlehem yard.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1918-1948
- Population
- Moore yard construction trades (1918-19); Todd-Robbins Brooklyn reactivation trades (1940-41); Mare Island availability workforces (1941, 1943); wartime crew (~244); NDRF caretakers (1946-47); Patapsco breaking-yard workers (1947-48)
- Limitations
- Inference from the documented machinery plant, refrigerated fit, and construction eras - NOT a hull record. No survey, specification, or material schedule naming AF-8 was located; establishes no asbestos content, quantity, location, individual exposure, or causation. Cork/mineral cold-storage insulation was also standard - the refrigerated-space material split is unknown for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-boreas-af8-06
-
[11]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era of this hull's 1940-41 naval reactivation and wartime storeship service - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in shipbuilding.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or class and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-boreas-af8-07
-
[12]Fleischer, W.E., Viles, F.J. Jr., Gade, R.L., and Drinker, P., 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels,' J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28(1):9-16 (Jan 1946), PMID 21016030 [other_primary]
- Locator
- PubMed record PMID 21016030; article pp. 9-16 (pipe covering material section)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- The U.S. Maritime Commission-commissioned industrial-hygiene survey of WWII pipe-covering operations at two Navy yards and two Navy contract yards documented that 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels is amosite' - i.e., asbestos insulation was standard material in naval-vessel construction/refit of exactly this hull's service era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- survey ~1944-45; published 1946
- Population
- WWII pipe coverers and insulators at Navy and contract yards (era context)
- Limitations
- Era-level documentation of asbestos use in naval construction generally; does not name this vessel, class, or the Robins/Todd-Robbins and Mare Island yards where she was worked, and establishes nothing about this hull's materials, condition, or any individual exposure. (The study's exculpatory 'not a dangerous occupation' conclusion has since been heavily criticized - see the 2026 critique at DOI 10.1177/10482911261446696.)
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-boreas-af8-08
-
[13]Batch-559 search ledger (this record): DANFS via hazegray transcription (live NHHC 404); NavSource 0608; MARAD ShipHistory Detail 569 + BOREAS.pdf/YAQUINA.pdf status cards; BuShips SDB 1945 v3; shipscribe AF-7 class page; CourtListener API (blocked); indexed-web litigation checks; VA BVA index; NVR; NARA record-group guides [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-boreas-af8-01 through sl-uss-boreas-af8-11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, court finding, or docketed asbestos case naming USS Boreas / AF-8 / SS Yaquina / ID-3851 / EFC hull 147 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener API queries were HTTP 429 rate-limit blocked throughout the session (125/day shared quota); indexed-web checking surfaced only name collisions - 'Boreas Shipping Co., S.A.' (a Lemos-fleet company in Hidrocarburos y Derivados, C.A. v. Lemos, 453 F. Supp. 160, S.D.N.Y. 1978) and 'Boreas,' a Belgian marine-insurance underwriter (Raphaely Int'l v. Waterman Steamship, 972 F.2d 498, 2d Cir. 1992; Luria Brothers v. Alliance Assurance, 780 F.2d 1082, 2d Cir. 1986) - and a law-firm marketing list page naming the hull misspelled ('USS Boras (AF-8),' freeasbestostesting.com) without primary support, an excluded source class. VA BVA index: no decision naming the ship. NVR: no record (1947 disposal, pre-coverage).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 2026-09-20
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1918-19 steam merchantman reactivated for WWII naval service is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials, and her reserve lay-up, conversion, availabilities, reserve-fleet custody, and breaking are all undocumented disturbance phases. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility. Litigation coverage is materially weaker than a clean API sweep - the CourtListener quota was exhausted by concurrent batch work and all API attempts returned 429; residual coverage rests on indexed-web checking only.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-boreas-af8-09
-
[14]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 32 (Records of the U.S. Shipping Board, incl. Emergency Fleet Corp. construction records), RG 19 (Records of the Bureau of Ships), RG 24 (Navy deck logs), RG 178 (Records of the U.S. Maritime Commission), RG 357 (Records of the Maritime Administration), RG 26 (USCG merchant-vessel logbooks); MARAD ShipHistory documents section for this hull [other_primary]
- Locator
- https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/032.html ; /groups/019.html ; /groups/024.html ; /groups/178.html ; /groups/357.html ; https://vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/ShipHistory/Detail/569
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - requires research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): USSB/EFC Design 1015 construction-contract and hull 147 records for Yaquina (RG 32 - the original refrigerated-fit specification is the single most promising asbestos-relevant document for this hull); BuShips records incl. the 1940-41 conversion plans/specifications for the Robins/Todd-Robbins reactivation (RG 19); Navy deck logs USS Boreas 1940-1946 (RG 24, NARA College Park - the voyage-by-voyage record behind DANFS's 'ten trips'); Maritime Commission/MARAD custody files covering the 1946-47 James River lay-up and the PD-X-360 Patapsco sale (RG 178/RG 357 - the disposal-era hazmat lead); merchant logbooks for SS Yaquina's 1919-1921 USSB service (RG 26, distributed by port of submission). The NARA photo files indexed on NavSource (19-N-23753; Mare Island series AF 8 4161-43/4174-43/4176-43) confirm RG 19 photo holdings for this hull.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-20
- Study period
- 1918-1948 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-boreas-af8-10