Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
-
[1]research packet hz-packet.md (9 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS Bowen. Hull/designation: DE-1079 at commissioning, reclassified FF-1079 (1975); later redesignated FFT (training frigate) 1992. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Bowen_(FF-1079)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-bowen-de1079-pkt-hz-packet-md
-
[2]Naval Vessel Register (NAVSEA), ship detail page 'BOWEN (FFT 1079) (ex - DE 1079, FF 1079), FRIGATE (RESERVE TRAINING)', page last updated 2002-03-04 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NVR SHIPSDETAIL_FFT_1079 milestone dates + physical characteristics + status fields
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official NVR record for this hull: UIC 20050; builder Avondale Marine Ways Inc., Westwego, LA; award 08/25/1966; keel 07/11/1969; launch 05/02/1970; delivery 05/17/1971; commission 05/22/1971; decommission 06/30/1994; stricken 01/11/1995; status 'Disposed of through the Security Assistance Program (SAP), transferred, Foreign Assistance Act (FAA) Section 516, Southern Region Amendment' effective 02/22/2002; custodian TURKEY; 23.0 years commission to decommission. Physical: steel hull, aluminum superstructure; LOA 438 ft; steam turbines, 1 propeller; accommodations 24 officers / 275 enlisted.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1966-2002
- Population
- Avondale construction trades 1969-1971; ship's company 1971-1994; NRF active/reserve crews 1991-1994
- Limitations
- Authoritative for milestones, builder, propulsion type, and disposal mechanism; contains no materials or asbestos information. Live NVR page no longer serves this hull's record (disposed ships); cited via 2016 Wayback capture of the official page.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bowen-de1079-01
-
[3]Public Law 103-174 (103d Congress, enacted 1993-12-02), Sec. 1(8) - 'AUTHORITY TO LEASE NAVAL VESSELS TO CERTAIN FOREIGN COUNTRIES' [other_primary]
- Locator
- P.L. 103-174 Sec. 1(8) (107 Stat. 2000)
- Finding type
- regulatory
- Finding
- Federal statute naming this hull: 'To the Government of Turkey, the "KNOX" class frigates BOWEN (FFT 1079), McCANDLESS (FFT 1084), DONALD B. BEARY (FFT 1085), and AINSWORTH (FFT 1090)' - the statutory basis for the 1994 lease that made the ex-Bowen TCG Akdeniz (F-257). Leases were under chapter 6 of the Arms Export Control Act; authority expired 2 years after enactment.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1993-1994
- Limitations
- Documents the legal authorization for lease by hull number; says nothing about ship condition, hazardous-material disclosure, or materials content aboard. Execution date of the lease (June 1994) is from operational records, not the statute text.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bowen-de1079-02
-
[4]Public Law 105-262 (FY1999 DoD Appropriations Act), Sec. 8110(b)(8)(B) - transfers of vessels by sale [other_primary]
- Locator
- P.L. 105-262 Sec. 8110(b)(8)(B) (112 Stat. 2279)
- Finding type
- regulatory
- Finding
- Federal statute naming this hull: the Secretary of the Navy was authorized to transfer by sale under AECA Sec. 21 'To the Government of Turkey - ... the KNOX class frigates REASONER (FF 1063), FANNING (FF 1076), BOWEN (FF 1079), MCCANDLESS (FF 1084), DONALD BEARY (FF 1085), AINSWORTH (FF 1090), THOMAS C. HART (FF 1092), and CAPODANNO (FF 1093)'. The NVR then records execution on 02/22/2002 under FAA Sec. 516 (grant/EDA basis, 'Southern Region Amendment') - the statutory path used is carried as recorded rather than reconciled.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1998-2002
- Limitations
- Authorizes sale by hull number only; contains no hazmat/materials conditions for this hull. Mechanism note: the statute grants AECA Sec. 21 sale authority while the executed NVR disposal text reads FAA Sec. 516 - the two authorizations coexist in the record and are both documented; which instrument the executing office cited is not resolved by public sources. Cited via public-law transcription (taiwandocuments.net) of the enacted text; the same text is in 112 Stat. 2279.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bowen-de1079-03
-
[5]UPI wire dispatch, 'The frigate USS Bowen, which fired on shore positions...' (1983-09-08) [reputable_press]
- Locator
- UPI Archives dispatch, 1983-09-08
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Contemporaneous wire record of this hull's combat action: on 8 September 1983 USS Bowen fired her 5-inch/127mm gun on Druze militia artillery positions in the mountains east of Beirut in defense of Marines at Beirut International Airport; described as a 3,011-ton Knox-class vessel commissioned 22 May 1971, built at Avondale shipyards, Westwego, La., carrying about 245 crew (17 officers, 228 enlisted); one of ten U.S. Navy ships then off the Lebanese coast. Secondary accounts add a 16-17 September night fire mission with USS John Rodgers and Navy Unit Commendation / Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal awards for the Lebanon period (NavSource ribbon board).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1983
- Population
- Ship's company, Sept 1983 (about 245 per the dispatch)
- Limitations
- Contemporaneous press, not an official record - corroborates the Beirut fire-support action and ship particulars but not materials content. The 'first U.S. naval gunfire in the Mediterranean since WWII' framing is the wire's characterization. Award citations themselves (NUC, AFEM, MUC for the 1983 Gulf service) are not individually digitized here; the NavSource ribbon board is the carrier.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bowen-de1079-04
-
[6]U.S. Navy Photograph NH 107458 (Naval Photographic Center), USS Bowen (DE-1079) underway Caribbean Sea c.1972, collections of the Naval History and Heritage Command (mirrored picture-data page, ibiblio/HyperWar) [other_primary]
- Locator
- ibiblio HyperWar mirror, photo NH 107458 picture data
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- An official U.S. Navy photograph of this hull exists in NHHC collections (photo NH 107458, received May 1972), establishing that federal archival holdings for this ship exist at NHHC/NARA - the practical route to any ship-specific engineering or materials record (e.g., command histories, deck logs, Booklet of General Plans). No DANFS entry is published for this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1972 (photo); archival holding
- Limitations
- A photo-catalog record only - documents that NHHC/NARA hold material for this hull, not its content. The NHHC picture-data page is cited via the verbatim ibiblio mirror because history.navy.mil picture-data URLs for this item did not resolve in this session.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bowen-de1079-05
-
[7]NavSource Online Destroyer Escort Photo Archive, USS Bowen (DE 1079) page - building/operational data, commanding officers, awards board (secondary compilation; Wayback capture 2024-11-07 used because the live fetch failed); navysite.de FF-1079 service narrative (secondary) [other_primary]
- Locator
- navsource.org DE-1079 page 'Building and Operational Data', awards board, CO table; navysite.de/ff/ff1079.htm history section
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Secondary-source operational record for this hull: commissioned 22 May 1971 at Boston Naval Shipyard (Cmdr. Donald L. Howard), Destroyer Squadron 20 Newport R.I.; homeport Charleston S.C. / DesRon 4 from August 1973; reclassified FF-1079 30 June 1975; 1983 Persian Gulf service (Suez transits 18 May / 3 Aug, Meritorious Unit Commendation per navysite); Lebanon naval gunfire 8 and 16-17 September 1983; NRF Atlantic DesRon 10 Norfolk from 30 September 1991; reclassified FFT-1079 15 December 1991; thereafter operated from Naval Station New York, Staten Island; mixed male/female crew beginning 1992 (women-at-sea expansion); decommissioned Norfolk 1994 and leased to Turkey as TCG Akdeniz (F-257); stricken 11 January 1995; sold to Turkey 22 February 2002; Akdeniz decommissioned c.2011-2012 and sold for scrapping. Ribbon board: JMUA, NUC, CG MUC, Battle 'E', NDSM w/1 star, AFEM, Sea Service, CG Special Ops.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1966-2012
- Population
- Ship's company and NRF reserve crews, 1971-1994
- Limitations
- Secondary compilations, not primary records - milestones corroborate the NVR and statutes where both exist; items unique to these sources (commissioning location, squadron/homeport assignments, awards board, women-at-sea conversion, Turkish-service dates) are unverified against official records. Decommission date here (1994-06-03) conflicts with NVR 1994-06-30 - carried in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bowen-de1079-06
-
[8]Builder-yard asbestos record (Atlas shipyards.json 'avondale-shipyard'): Robichaux v. Huntington Ingalls Inc., No. 22-CV-0610 (E.D. La. 2023); Cortez v. Lamorak Ins. Co., No. 20-2389 (E.D. La. 2022); Chaisson v. Avondale Industries, No. 2005-CA-1511 (La. App. 4th Cir. 2006); Granier v. Avondale Industries, No. 2005-CA-1085 (La. App. 4th Cir. 2006); NIOSH HHE 97-0260 (Avondale) [court_record]
- Locator
- shipyards.json 'avondale-shipyard' products_documented pd-avondale-01..06 + underlying court records; NavSource DE-1079 specifications block
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Builder-yard/era inference for this hull: Bowen was built 1969-1971 at Avondale's Westwego yard, where court records document asbestos products in use across 1961-1979 - Kaylo pipe insulation, Marinite 36 composite wallboard (40% amosite, installed in galleys/living quarters by Hopeman Brothers contracts 1962-1976, ~72 vessels), Westinghouse Micarta laminate, Uniroyal asbestos cloth ('commonplace' on Avondale ships), and Garlock/Flexitallic gaskets. Combined with the era-standard Knox-class steam plant (2 x Combustion Engineering 1,200-psi boilers; 1 Westinghouse geared turbine; 35,000 shp; 1 shaft), period asbestos insulation, lagging, gaskets, packing, and fireproofing would have been standard for the type.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1961-1979 (yard documentation); 1969-1971 (this hull's construction)
- Population
- Avondale construction trades (Westwego), 1969-1971
- Limitations
- Yard-level and class/era inference only - no cited source names DE-1079 or any specific hull; the Avondale cases document yard practice, not this ship's bill of materials. Does not establish quantity, location, remaining material, or any individual exposure aboard this hull. NARA RG19/RG181-era ship records and the hull's inactivation package are the lead for ship-specific content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bowen-de1079-07
-
[9]GAO/NSIAD-99-18, 'Federal Surplus Ships: Government Efforts to Address the Growing Backlog of Ships Awaiting Disposal' (Oct 1998) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO NSIAD-99-18, report body (ship-scrapping/PCB background sections)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Program-level recognition that U.S. surplus Navy and MARAD ships of this era 'contain hazardous materials such as asbestos, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), lead, mercury, and cadmium'; documents the 1994 EPA-driven halt to overseas scrapping sales and the 1998-1999 moratorium context surrounding disposal of Cold War-vintage combatants - the disposal environment in which this hull was instead leased/sold in commissionable condition to Turkey (1994 lease, 2002 sale).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1982-1999
- Population
- Ship disposal program level
- Limitations
- Does not name this hull or the Knox class; describes surplus-ship scrapping policy, not foreign military transfer. Establishes era/program awareness of shipboard asbestos, not the presence, quantity, or location of ACM aboard DE-1079.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bowen-de1079-08
-
[10]CourtListener API v4 sweep (authenticated, fleet-paced helper): opinions '"USS Bowen" asbestos' = 0; opinions '"USS Bowen"' = 0; opinions '"DE-1079" OR "FF-1079" OR "FFT-1079"' = 8 hits, all reporter page-number collisions (none name the vessel or asbestos); dockets '"USS Bowen"' = 1 hit, non-asbestos (see ev-uss-bowen-de1079-10) [court_record]
- Locator
- CourtListener search queries of 2026-09-28 (search_ledger sl-04 through sl-07)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No qualifying asbestos litigation naming this hull was located on CourtListener: no opinion and no asbestos docket references USS Bowen / DE-1079 / FF-1079 / FFT-1079. The only exact-name docket hit is an AFFF/PFAS products-liability action (Lasseigne v. 3M, D.S.C. 2:23-cv-00710, MDL-2873) in which the hull appears in service-history context, not asbestos.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 2026-09-28 (sweep date)
- Limitations
- CourtListener coverage is not exhaustive - state trial courts, unindexed federal complaints, MDL-875 ship lists not OCR'd into search, and BVA decisions (not a CL corpus) are outside the sweep. Hull-number docket variant and 'TCG Akdeniz' queries were attempted but throttled by fleet pacing at session end; see search_ledger. Absence of located litigation is not evidence that no exposure occurred.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bowen-de1079-09
-
[11]Bryan Lasseigne v. The 3M Company et al., No. 2:23-cv-00710-RMG (D.S.C.); complaint filed 2023-02-21; terminated 2024-07-24; MDL No. 2873 (In re AFFF Products Liability Litigation) [court_record]
- Locator
- CourtListener docket 66920343; complaint ECF No. 1 (41 pp., RECAP)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- The sole docketed CourtListener hit naming this hull: an aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF/PFAS) products-liability action in the D.S.C. MDL-2873 track; the defendant roster (3M, DuPont, Chemours, Tyco, Kidde-Fenwal, Chemguard, National Foam, Buckeye, Dynax, Arkema et al.) and master docket 2:18-mn-2873 identify it as firefighting-foam litigation. 'USS Bowen' appears in indexed docket text consistent with a service-history/exposure-site reference for the plaintiff. It is non-asbestos litigation - recorded for completeness of the name sweep.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 2023-2024 (litigation)
- Population
- Plaintiff Bryan Lasseigne (unverified service detail)
- Limitations
- Pleading-stage record; the case terminated 2024-07-24 without adjudication of any shipboard exposure. The reference concerns AFFF, not asbestos; it establishes nothing about ACM aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bowen-de1079-10
-
[12]Batch-4011 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS (no entry published for this hull; live NHHC URLs 404); NVR; P.L. 103-174 and P.L. 105-262; NHHC photo NH 107458; NHHC CHR index (Yarnell CHR mentions USS BOWEN (FF 1079)); CourtListener name + hull-number sweep; BVA/va.gov; MARAD/NDRF [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-bowen-de1079-01 through sl-uss-bowen-de1079-12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure attached to the 1994 lease or 2002 sale, museum record, or docketed asbestos case naming DE-1079/FF-1079 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). No DANFS entry exists for this hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 2026-09-28
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1969-71 Avondale-built steam frigate is exactly the era/type profile for which ACM was standard, and builder-yard records (ev-06) document Avondale's asbestos use in this window. Does not establish that asbestos is or is not present; does not establish or defeat any exposure or legal-eligibility claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bowen-de1079-11