Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
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[1]research packet 984-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-brunswick-pf68-pkt-984-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, Brunswick II (PF-68), Vol. 1 p. 166 - construction, sponsor, commission, convoy-escort and weather-patrol service, disposal (verbatim transcription via hazegray mirror at losthistory.net; live NHHC pages return 404 for both danfs/b/brunswick.html and danfs/b/brunswick-ii.html) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry 'Brunswick' (PF-68 paragraph), spec block and service narrative
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: launched 6 November 1943 by Leathem D. Smith Shipbuilding Co., Sturgeon Bay, Wis.; sponsored by Mrs. K. G. Berrie, wife of the Mayor of Brunswick, Ga.; commissioned 3 October 1944, Lieutenant Commander B. B. Sherry, USCG, in command. 'Between 11 December 1944 and 7 June 1945 the Coast Guard manned Brunswick served as a convoy escort vessel on three voyages between the east coast and Oran, Algeria, and return.' On 7 June 1945 entered Philadelphia Navy Yard for conversion to a weather ship; served on weather patrol in the North Atlantic from 9 July 1945 until 24 March 1946; commenced pre-inactivation overhaul at Boston; decommissioned 3 May 1946; sold 9 April 1947. Spec block: dp. 1,430; l. 303'11"; b. 37'6"; dr. 13'8"; s. 20.3k.; cpl. 190; a. 2 3"; cl. Tacoma.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Leathem D. Smith construction trades (1943-44); Todd Galveston fit-out trades (1944); Coast Guard-manned crew (1944-46)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. DANFS gives no laid-down or stricken dates and no decommissioning location (supplied by NavSource/CG sources and carried as conflicts where they disagree). Spec-block armament 'a. 2 3"' reflects the weather-ship fit (after 3-inch gun removed), not the class standard three 3-inch mounts. Entry does not cover the reduced-commission delivery voyage (documented in The Coast Guard at War and Wikipedia).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-brunswick-pf68-01
-
[3]U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office, 'USS Brunswick, PF-68' (5 April 2021; sources: The Coast Guard at War, Transports and Escorts Vol. V No. 1; Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946 pp. 148-149; DANFS Vol. 1 p. 166) - ARCHIVED COPY; live article page returned HTTP 403 to automated fetch [other_primary]
- Locator
- USCG Historian's Office article 'USS Brunswick, PF-68' (Article 2561206), spec block and History section (Wayback capture 2026-02-17)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Historian's Office spec block for this hull: Length 303'11"; Beam 37'6"; Draft 12'8" fl; Displacement 2,230 tons; Propulsion '2-shaft VTE, 3 boilers'; Range 9,500 nm at 12 knots; Top speed 20 knots; Complement 190; Armament 3 x 3"/50, 4 x 40mm (2x2), 9 x 20mm, 1 x Hedgehog, 8 x depth charge projectors, 2 x depth charge racks - noting 'For those frigates fitted out for weather patrol duty, the after 3-inch gun was removed and a weather balloon hanger was added aft.' Narrative adds: towed down the Mississippi River to New Orleans and thence to Galveston, arriving 23 May 1944; outfitted at Todd Galveston Drydocks, Inc.; commissioned 3 October 1944 under LCDR B. B. Sherry, USCG; departed Galveston 15 October 1944 for Bermuda shakedown until 22 November 1944; Norfolk post-shakedown availability until 11 December 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Coast Guard-manned crew on Atlantic convoy escort and weather patrol (1944-46)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. Cited URL is an archived Wayback capture (2026-02-17) because the live history.uscg.mil page returned HTTP 403 to automated fetch. Displacement 2,230 tons and draft 12'8" conflict with the DANFS spec block (1,430 dp, 13'8" draft) - likely full-load vs standard figures; unresolved, see gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-brunswick-pf68-02
-
[4]The Coast Guard at War: Transports and Escorts, Vol. I - Escorts, Part II Ships' Histories, 'USS BRUNSWICK (PF-68)' (U.S. Coast Guard Historical Section, Public Information Division; verbatim transcription at HyperWar/ibiblio) [other_primary]
- Locator
- The Coast Guard at War, Transports and Escorts Vol. I - Escorts, Part II, 'USS BRUNSWICK (PF-68)' section, pp. 165-166 (transcription page --166--)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The official USCG history documents this hull's operating record in detail: built by the 'Leatham D. Smith Shipbuilding Co.' of Sturgeon Bay, Wis. (sic - Leathem); towed down the Mississippi River to New Orleans thence to Galveston, Texas, arriving 23 May 1944; outfitted at Todd Galveston Drydocks, Inc.; commissioned 3 October 1944, first CO 'Commander S. B. Sherry, USCGR' (initials reversed - Benjamin B. Sherry per NavSource/uboat.net). Departed Galveston 15 October 1944 for Bermuda shakedown until 22 November 1944; Norfolk post-shakedown availability until 11 December 1944. Convoy table: UGS-63 (Hampton Roads to Oran, 11-28 Dec 1944); GUS-63 (Oran to Hampton Roads, 2-20 Jan 1945); UGS-73 (7-24 Feb 1945); GUS-75 (Oran to New York, 3-20 Mar 1945); UGS-89 (28 Apr-13 May 1945); GUS-91 (Oran to Hampton Roads, 22 May-6 Jun 1945). On GUS-63, just outside the Straits of Gibraltar, SS Henry Miller was torpedoed; Brunswick picked up survivors, made several attack runs on the suspected submarine, escorted the crippled merchantman to Gibraltar, landed survivors, and rejoined. Ordered to Navy Yard, Philadelphia for conversion to a weather ship after GUS-91. Weather patrol record: Station 8 (13 Jul-2 Aug 1945); Lt. Comdr. William E. Long assumed command 8 Sep 1945; Station 10 (11 Sep-2 Oct); Station 11 (23 Oct-1 Nov); Station 10 (1-13 Nov); Lt. (jg) Harold O. Nygren assumed command 1 Dec 1945; Station 4 (5-13 Dec); Station 3 (29 Dec-22 Jan 1946); Boston availability (27 Jan-1 Mar 1946); Station 8 (4-24 Mar 1946). 'Proceeding to Norfolk from Boston on April 8, 1946, the Brunswick was decommissioned May 3, 1946.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Coast Guard-manned crew, Atlantic convoy escort (1944-45) and North Atlantic weather stations (1945-46); Norfolk, Philadelphia and Boston yard workers on documented availabilities
- Limitations
- Ship-specific operational history; no asbestos or material content. Official Coast Guard publication (1946) as transcribed by HyperWar - OCR artifacts present ('Leatham' for Leathem, 'S. B. Sherry' for B. B. Sherry, 'Haw York' for New York, '1944' for 1945 in the GUS-91 completion line; substance unambiguous). 'Proceeding to Norfolk from Boston' for decommissioning conflicts with NavSource's 'Decommissioned 3 May 1946 at Boston, MA' - see gaps. The command chronology (Sherry to 8 Sep 1945, then Long, then Nygren) conflicts with NavSource's CO roster (Sherry to 5 Dec 1944, then 'LCDR James Alfred Martin, USCG' 1945-14 Mar 1946) - see gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-brunswick-pf68-03
-
[5]NavSource Online: Frigate Photo Archive, Brunswick (PF 68) / ex-PG-176 - milestone timeline, specifications, CO roster, disposal, Crowley collection document scans (live page verified 2026-10-04) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 12/08068.htm header block, Tacoma Class specification block, CO table, image descriptions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: authorized as Patrol Gunboat PG-176; reclassified PF-68 on 15 April 1943; laid down 16 July 1943 under Maritime Commission contract at Leathem D. Smith Shipyard, Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin; launched 6 November 1943; 'Commissioned USS Brunswick (PF-68), 2 October 1944'; decommissioned 3 May 1946 'at Boston, MA'; struck from the Navy Register 19 June 1946; sold for scrap 9 April 1947 to Sun Shipbuilding and Drydock Co. of Chester, PA. Call sign Nan-Zebra-Xray-Oboe. Specifications: displacement 1,430 t.; propulsion 'Two 3-drum express boilers, two 5,500ihp Koppers Co. engines, two shafts'; complement 176; armament three 3"/50 DP, two twin 40mm, nine 20mm, one Hedgehog, eight DCPs, two DCTs. CO roster: LCDR Benjamin B. Sherry, USCG (3 October 1944 - 5 December 1944); LCDR James Alfred Martin, USCG (1945 - 14 March 1946). Page carries a commissioning-program scan and a crew-roster scan from the collection of Francis B. Crowley, LT(jg), USCGR, plus a ship photograph from the Historical Collections of the Great Lakes.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Leathem D. Smith construction trades (1943); Coast Guard-manned crew (1944-46); Sun Shipbuilding scrapping workforce (1947)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - milestone dates largely track the official sources but 'Commissioned ... 2 October 1944' conflicts with DANFS/CG-at-War/USCG-Historian (3 October) and 'Decommissioned 3 May 1946 at Boston, MA' conflicts with The Coast Guard at War's Norfolk sequencing (see gaps). The CO roster (Sherry to 5 Dec 1944, then Martin) conflicts with The Coast Guard at War's documented succession (Long from 8 Sep 1945, Nygren from 1 Dec 1945) - unresolved, see gaps. Complement 176 conflicts with DANFS/USCG-Historian 190 - see gaps. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-brunswick-pf68-04
-
[6]GAO, Navy's Efforts to Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (18 October 1979; publicly released 22 October 1979) - full text extracted from Wayback capture of gao.gov/assets/hrd-80-2.pdf; direct fetch of product page and PDF returns HTTP 403 [gao]
- Locator
- GAO HRD-80-2 full text: digest ('all ships contain some asbestos' passage), 'Navy's policy on use of asbestos' section (1973/1978 specification dates), Enclosure I (application list: deck tile, galley cabling, gaskets, packing, brakes, clutches)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Government documentation of the Navy asbestos era spanning this hull's entire 1943-44 construction and 1944-46 U.S. service: GAO records the Navy's statements that 'thermal insulation for machinery, equipment and piping systems has been the major application of asbestos' aboard ships; that 'all ships presently in service contain some quantity of asbestos' (1979); that product specifications for thermal insulation were changed to asbestos-free only in 1973 and that 'some ships were delivered with asbestos insulation as late as May 1978'; with additional shipboard uses documented in deck tiling, Navy galley-range electric cabling, piping-system gaskets and packing, and equipment brakes and clutches.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; Navy asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. GAO fieldwork covered Long Beach and Norfolk Naval Shipyards; PF-68 was sold for scrap in 1947 - decades before the surveyed policies and long before any abatement program could have touched her. Does not establish materials aboard this hull, individual exposure, or quantity.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-brunswick-pf68-05
-
[7]Era inference built on: DANFS spec block (Maritime Commission type S2-S2-AQ1 via NavSource, Tacoma class, steam plant); USCG Historian propulsion line ('2-shaft VTE, 3 boilers'); NavSource specifications (two 3-drum express boilers, two Koppers Co. engines); GAO HRD-80-2 documented asbestos-use era (see ev-05) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS spec block; USCG Historian spec block; NavSource specifications; The Coast Guard at War availability table; GAO HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A Maritime Commission S2-S2-AQ1 steam frigate built July 1943 - October 1944 sits entirely inside the documented Navy asbestos-insulation era. Era-standard asbestos applications aboard a reciprocating-steam vessel of this type and period: boiler and steam-drum insulation; steam-line lagging between boiler and engine spaces; valve and flange gaskets; machinery packing; deck tile; electrical insulation and cabling; brake and clutch linings on deck machinery. Documented yard-contact events within the same era: Todd Galveston Drydocks fit-out (May-October 1944); Norfolk post-shakedown availability (November-December 1944); Philadelphia Navy Yard weather-ship conversion (June-July 1945); Boston availability (27 January-1 March 1946) and pre-inactivation overhaul (from 24 March 1946); Sun Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., Chester, PA, scrapping (1947).
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Leathem D. Smith construction trades (1943-44); Todd Galveston fit-out trades (1944); Norfolk, Philadelphia and Boston yard trades (1944-46); Coast Guard-manned crew (1944-46); Sun Shipbuilding scrapping workforce (1947)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or work package located for PF-68. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. No manufacturer attribution for this hull. Leathem D. Smith Shipbuilding has no located asbestos documentation of any kind - no NIOSH survey, no qualifying yard litigation surfaced; the yard-level corroboration present in some records is absent here. The named availabilities are documented events in the named ports; the specific facility within each port is inference where sources say only 'Norfolk'/'Boston'.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-brunswick-pf68-06
-
[8]uboat.net Allied Warships, USS Brunswick (PF-68), ship/2267 + Allied Warship Commanders entry for Lt.Cdr. Benjamin B. Sherry, USCGR (commanders/6249) - milestone dates, CO tour, two documented events (live pages verified 2026-10-04) [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship/2267 header block, CO table, 'Notable events' list; commanders/6249 Sherry entry
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Cross-check record for this hull: ordered 8 December 1942; laid down 16 July 1943; launched 6 November 1943; header 'Commissioned 2 Oct 1944' (conflicts with the page's own CO table and all official sources, which give 3 October); end service 3 May 1946; 'Stricken at an unknown date'; sold 9 April 1947. CO table: Lt.Cdr. Benjamin B. Sherry, USCGR, 3 October 1944 - 8 September 1945 - corroborating The Coast Guard at War's documented succession (Long assumed command 8 September 1945). Events: 3 January 1945, Brunswick picked up 50 men from merchant Henry Miller torpedoed by U-870 at 35 51'N, 06 24'W, 22 nautical miles SW of Cape Spartel; 20 April 1945, A/S exercises off Casco Bay, Maine with USS R-1, USS Selfridge and USS Knoxville (Brunswick under Lt.Cdr. B. B. Sherry, USCGR).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- 50 merchant survivors recovered from SS Henry Miller (3 Jan 1945); Brunswick crew on ASW exercises (Apr 1945)
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation citing hazegray/DANFS as its source - used as cross-check and event corroboration only, not as a milestone-date authority. 'Commissioned 2 Oct 1944' conflicts with its own Sherry tour start (3 Oct 1944) and with DANFS/CG-at-War/USCG-Historian - carried in gaps. 'Stricken at an unknown date' leaves the 19 June 1946 strike (NavSource/NavalCoverMuseum/Wikipedia) single-sourced among consulted records. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-brunswick-pf68-07
-
[9]Machinery-type cross-check: Wikipedia infobox ('2 x 5,500shp turbines, 3 boilers') vs USCG Historian's Office ('2-shaft VTE, 3 boilers'), NavSource ('two 5,500 ihp Koppers Co. engines'), Conway's class specification (cited in the Historian's source list), and shipbuildinghistory.com yard table (yard no. 311, MC hull 1492, S2-S2-AQ1, delivered 3-Oct-44) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Wikipedia USS Brunswick (PF-68) infobox, propulsion field; USCG Historian spec block; NavSource specifications; shipbuildinghistory.com Bay Shipbuilding table (yard hull 311 row)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION: the Wikipedia infobox describes this hull's machinery as '2 x 5,500shp turbines' - incorrect. The S2-S2-AQ1 plant was a reciprocating steam plant: the U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office gives '2-shaft VTE' (vertical triple-expansion) and NavSource gives two 5,500 ihp Koppers Co. engines; the class literature (Conway's) specifies triple-expansion machinery. The 'turbines' wording misstates reciprocating machinery and is recorded here so it is not propagated into this record's propulsion_summary. Wikipedia and shipbuildinghistory.com also supply Maritime Commission hull 1492 and Leathem D. Smith yard number 311.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1943-1944 (machinery build)
- Limitations
- Corrects a circulating secondary-source machinery error, not a material or asbestos claim. VTE designation is corroborated by two record sources used in this file (USCG Historian, NavSource); Conway's cited through the Historian's source list, not directly inspected. MC hull 1492 and yard no. 311 rest on secondary compilations (Wikipedia, shipbuildinghistory.com) - marked partial; no Wikipedia text cited as record source otherwise.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-brunswick-pf68-08
-
[10]Batch-8475 search ledger (this record): DANFS transcription mirror (live NHHC 404); USCG Historian's Office via Wayback; The Coast Guard at War transcription; NavSource; NVR; GAO HRD-80-2 full text via Wayback; uboat.net; Wikipedia/shipbuildinghistory cross-checks; CourtListener (blocked); secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-brunswick-pf68-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS Brunswick (PF-68), PG-176, or Maritime Commission hull 1492 was found in the public sources searched. CAVEAT: CourtListener could not be queried this session - the fleet pacing limiter returned stand-down on spaced attempts (~58/hr shared hourly budget spent by concurrent fleet sessions); logged as blocked in search_ledger, not as a negative result. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case; the only 'asbestos aboard' material is law-firm marketing listicles asserting asbestos without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 2026-10-04
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - and the litigation repository search is a genuine open gap (blocked, not run): a name search also carries a collision risk from the later salvage ship USS Brunswick (ATS-3, 1972-1996). Deck logs, Leathem D. Smith work packages, the Todd Galveston fit-out record, and the Philadelphia conversion record are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-brunswick-pf68-09
-
[11]Archival leads: NARA RG 24 deck logs for USS Brunswick (PF-68) (1944-1946); NavSource-hosted document scans from the collection of Francis B. Crowley, LT(jg), USCGR - commissioning program and crew roster; ship photograph credited to the Historical Collections of the Great Lakes (Bowling Green State University) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov (JS-rendered); NavSource 12/08068.htm image-description column (commissioning program, crew roster, crew photo, HGL credit)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Open archival leads for this hull: (1) WWII-era deck logs exist in NARA RG 24 for her 1944-46 U.S. service but digitization status could not be verified (catalog.archives.gov is JS-rendered, unfetchable from this session); (2) the Crowley collection on NavSource holds a scanned commissioning program and a full crew roster for this hull - a personnel document directly relevant to crew enumeration; (3) a period photograph of this hull is credited to the Historical Collections of the Great Lakes (BGSU), consistent with her Great Lakes builder.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1944-1946 (record coverage)
- Population
- Commissioning-crew personnel named in the Crowley roster scan
- Limitations
- Archival leads only - deck-log digitization status unverified (JS-rendered catalog); the Crowley scans and BGSU photograph are personnel/photo documents, not asbestos, survey, or exposure records. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-brunswick-pf68-10