Evidence
6 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-6).
-
[1]DANFS, USS Bugara (SS-331) - construction, war patrols, Fleet Snorkel conversion, postwar service (verbatim transcription; live NHHC page returned 404) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS service narrative and spec block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: launched 2 July 1944 by Electric Boat Co., Groton (sponsor Mrs. Lyman S. Perry, wife of Captain Perry); commissioned 15 November 1944, Cmdr. A. F. Schade. Three war patrols 21 February-17 August 1945 in the Flores, Java, and South China Seas and Gulf of Siam; the third patrol disposed of 57 small ships totaling 5,284 tons by gunfire and included rescuing a Chinese crew and disposing of Malay pirates. Postwar: overhauled at Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard 1946; Bering Sea training cruise fall 1946; yard period 20 November 1947-19 March 1948; Yokosuka deployment July 1948; San Francisco overhaul August 1949-3 January 1950; twice supported Korean operations; San Diego from December 1954. Fleet Snorkel conversion postwar (NavSource). Three battle stars.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1943-1971
- Population
- EB construction trades (1943-44); Pearl Harbor NSY (1946) and San Francisco NSY/Hunters Point (1949-50) yard trades; crew (1944-1970); target-sinking/reef-prep personnel (1971)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. Yard-period asbestos disturbance is era inference, not a per-hull record. Live NHHC DANFS page returned 404; verbatim transcription used.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bugara-ss331-01
-
[2]NavSource Online Submarine Photo Archive, SS-331 Bugara data block (construction dates, Fleet Snorkel, decommission/stricken, 1971 sinking) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource SS-331 data block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource data block: laid down 21 October 1943 at Electric Boat Co., Groton; launched 2 July 1944; commissioned 15 November 1944. Fleet Snorkel conversion postwar. Decommissioned and struck 1 October 1970; sunk off the Washington coast in 1971 (sources differ on whether as a target or in connection with reef/scuttling).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1943-1971
- Population
- EB construction trades (1943-44); Pearl Harbor NSY (1946) and San Francisco NSY/Hunters Point (1949-50) yard trades; crew (1944-1970); target-sinking/reef-prep personnel (1971)
- Limitations
- NavSource is an authoritative non-government archive; data captured via search-result text (navsource.net unreachable by direct fetch - DNS resolution failure). Sinking chronology/cause varies across sources - carried in gaps. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bugara-ss331-02
-
[3]NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries - USS Bugara fact sheet (official federal publication) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries shipwreck fact sheet
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries published a federal fact sheet on USS Bugara documenting her Electric Boat construction, Pacific war patrols, postwar Fleet Snorkel conversion, 1 October 1970 decommissioning, and her wreck status off the Washington coast. The fact sheet records that the Navy retains title to the wreck and that it is protected under the Sunken Military Craft Act. The source contains no asbestos, material, or hazmat data.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Limitations
- Federal primary source confirming construction, service, conversion, and wreck status - explicitly contains no asbestos or material-content data. Wreck title/protection under Sunken Military Craft Act documented. Strongest official source for this hull but silent on asbestos.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bugara-ss331-03
-
[4]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 1 (Jan 1945), submarine machinery tables (shipscribe.com scan) + shipyard-exposure-map asbestos product list for electric-boat-groton [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v1 pp. 266-270 submarine tables; shipyards.json electric-boat-groton product list
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Balao-class diesel-electric boats carried NO boilers or steam plant (BuShips 1945: DERD drive, four main diesel-generator engines - diesel maker Fairbanks-Morse or General Motors varying by hull block, electric motors Elliott or General Electric, ~5,400 hp, two shafts). Era-typical asbestos-relevant applications on the type: diesel exhaust lagging, engine gaskets and packing, acoustic and thermal hull insulation, insulation around galley and refrigeration equipment, and battery/electrical materials. The Electric Boat/Groton yard's asbestos product use in submarine construction of this era is independently documented at the yard level.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1943-1971
- Population
- EB construction trades (1943-44); Pearl Harbor NSY (1946) and San Francisco NSY/Hunters Point (1949-50) yard trades; crew (1944-1970); target-sinking/reef-prep personnel (1971)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey or material list located for SS-331. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; establishes no quantities and no exposure for any individual.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bugara-ss331-04
-
[5]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - covering this hull's entire active service period (1944-1970) including her Fleet Snorkel conversion.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bugara-ss331-05
-
[6]Batch-24 search ledger (this record): DANFS transcription; NavSource data block; CourtListener searches; BuShips Ships' Data 1945 [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-bugara-ss331-01 through -06
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or adjudicated case naming USS Bugara (SS-331) was found. CourtListener sweeps pending (rate-limited in this window - see search_ledger). The NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries fact sheet is the strongest federal source for this hull - it documents her construction, patrols, Fleet Snorkel conversion, 1970 decommissioning, and wreck status under the Sunken Military Craft Act, but does not establish asbestos content.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 2026-09-18
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-bugara-ss331-06