Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]research packet 891-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (same never-USN caveat)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- qualifier: VERIFIED (same never-USN caveat)
- Evidence ID
- uss-built-in-denmark-as-pc1645-pkt-891-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Online: Submarine Chaser Photo Archive, PC-1645 page (verified live 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- https://www.navsource.net/archives/12/011645.htm - full page
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity record: 'PC-1645 built in Denmark' - laid down 18 December 1964 as PC-1645 by Helsingør Verft (Elsinore Ship Yard), Elsinore, Denmark; launched 8 September 1965; commissioned HDMS Herluf Trolle (F 353), 16 April 1967; decommissioned 5 July 1990. Call sign OUEQ. Specs listed: displacement 2,425 t; length 370 ft; CODOG - two Pratt & Whitney gas turbines plus two General Motors 16V567D diesels, two shafts; complement 207. NavSource indexes the hull under 'PC-1638 Class Submarine Chaser/Peder Skram Class Frigate' and states 'There is no DANFS history available for PC-1645.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1964-1990
- Population
- Royal Danish Navy crew complement ~207 (spec block)
- Limitations
- Volunteer-edited photo archive - the standard reference for U.S. patrol-craft numbers but not an official register. Two of its claims conflict with Danish records: 'of Danish design in cooperation with the U.S. Naval Material Command' (Danish sources credit the Danish Naval Materiel Command with the yard) and 'Fate unknown' (Danish records document sale 1992 and scrapping at Bruges 1995) - see ev-05.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-built-in-denmark-as-pc1645-01
-
[3]Danish Naval History (navalhistory.dk), 'HERLUF TROLLE (1967-1990), Frigate' - verified live 2026-10-03; Danish-language version https://navalhistory.dk/Danish/Skibene/H/HerlufTrolle(1967).htm carries the fuller disposal table [other_primary]
- Locator
- English page Specifications + History tables; Danish page 'Historie' table rows 1992-1995
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Danish naval-history record for this hull: built by Helsingør Skibsværft (Elsinore Ship Yard); design by Søværnets Materielkommando (the Danish Naval Materiel Command) in cooperation with Helsingør Skibsværft; laid down December 18, 1964; launched September 8, 1965; commissioned April 16, 1967; pennant F 353; international call sign OUEQ; displacement 2,371 t (2,425 t after conversion); complement 207; CODOG plant - 2 Pratt & Whitney gas turbines 44,000 hp + 2 General Motors diesels 4,800 hp; range 7,200 nm at 15 kn. Service: joined NATO STANAVFORLANT in 1973, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1984 and 1985; refitted with Harpoon and Sea Sparrow launchers at Helsingør; on December 2, 1977 became the first Danish ship to launch a Harpoon missile; decommissioned July 5, 1990. Danish version adds: engines and gas turbines removed at Helsingør Skibsværft in 1992 and returned to the USA; sold at auction April 7, 1992; arrived Bruges, Belgium April 5, 1995 for scrapping at Jacques Bakker & Zn.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1964-1995
- Population
- Royal Danish Navy crew, 1967-1990
- Limitations
- Secondary naval-history database (authoritative Danish reference), not a primary document. Missile-refit window differs from fsof.dk's longer January 1974-June 1977 span - see gaps. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-built-in-denmark-as-pc1645-02
-
[4]fsof.dk 'Flådens Skibe og Fartøjer' database (FSOF 1945-1995, p. 44), 'Peder Skram-kl. 1965' - ARCHIVED copy (live site returned HTTP 401 to automated access 2026-10-03); Wayback capture 2026-06-06 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Wayback capture 20260606111640, class page paragraph 'HERLUF TROLLE'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Danish fleet-ships database entry for this hull: 'HERLUF TROLLE. Helsingør Skibsværft (371). (K: 18.12.64). Betalt af USA som sidste enhed i det dansk-amerikanske Cost Sharing program. U.S. Navy nr. PC-1645. Navngivet af H.K.H. Arveprins Knud. (FK 26.04.67 /S: 04.01.88).' - i.e., paid for by the USA as the last unit of the Danish-American Cost Sharing program; U.S. Navy number PC-1645; named by H.R.H. Crown Prince Knud; last command/ensign strike January 4, 1988. Further: missile-armament refit at Helsingør January 1974-June 1977; STANAVFORLANT service 1971, 1973, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1984, 1985; first Danish ship to fire a Harpoon practice missile 02.12.77; during February 1992 stay at Helsingør Skibsværft the engines and gas turbines were removed and returned to the USA; sold at auction 07.04.92 to Europlant ApS, Stenlille for DKK 275,000 (planned conversion to combined youth hostel and museum, not completed); March 1993 resold to Niels Brøns A/S; arrived Bruges, Belgium 05.04.95 for scrapping at Jacques Bakker & Zn.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1964-1995
- Population
- Royal Danish Navy crew, 1967-1988 (operational); disposal workers 1992-1995
- Limitations
- Live site returned HTTP 401 - cited via Wayback capture (2026-06-06); content is the digitized FSOF fleet handbook data with later annotations. 'Betalt af USA' (paid by the USA) for this hull is a stronger statement than Muusfeldt 1982's class-level 'each country paid half' - the discrepancy is documented, not resolved. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-built-in-denmark-as-pc1645-03
-
[5]J.H. Muusfeldt, 'Flådens Skibe' (The Fleet's Ships), 1982 edition - Danish naval fleet handbook scan hosted by marinehist.dk (Danish Naval Library / Orlogsbiblioteket), verified live 2026-10-03 [other_primary]
- Locator
- PDF pp. ~36-39 (printed pp.), Peder Skram-class section and fleet table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Contemporaneous official-style fleet handbook: the two Peder Skram-class units were 'de to sidste enheder af det dansk-amerikanske Cost Sharing nybygningsprogram for Flåden, hvor USA og Danmark hver betalte halvdelen af byggeprisen' - the last two units of the Danish-American cost-sharing newbuilding program for the Navy, in which the USA and Denmark each paid half the construction price (approx. 125 million DKK per unit); the class was originally classified 'patruljejagere' (patrol craft/patrol hunters), built at Helsingør Skibsværft og Maskinbyggeri A/S. Table confirms HERLUF TROLLE F353: laid down 18 Dec 1964, launched 8 Sep 1965, entered fleet list 16 Apr 1967; adopted by the city of Helsingør 22 Aug 1980.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1959-1982 (handbook coverage)
- Limitations
- OCR quality of the scan is poor in places; all extracted values cross-checked against navalhistory.dk and fsof.dk. Fleet handbook states the program split evenly per ship while fsof.dk states this hull was paid entirely by the USA - discrepancy noted in ev-03/gaps. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-built-in-denmark-as-pc1645-04
-
[6]Corrections to NavSource PC-1645 record, per Danish sources (navalhistory.dk; fsof.dk FSOF p.44 via Wayback; Muusfeldt 1982) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource PC-1645 page vs. navalhistory.dk Danish Herluf Trolle page; fsof.dk Wayback 20260606111640; Muusfeldt 1982 PDF
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Three NavSource statements require correction or qualification: (1) 'Fate unknown' - the disposal chain is documented: auctioned 07.04.1992 to Europlant ApS (museum/hostel plan failed), resold March 1993 to Niels Brøns A/S, arrived Bruges, Belgium 05.04.1995 for breaking by Jacques Bakker & Zn. (2) 'of Danish design in cooperation with the U.S. Naval Material Command' - Danish records credit Søværnets Materielkommando (the Danish Naval Materiel Command) in cooperation with Helsingør Skibsværft; the U.S. role was program financing (cost-sharing/MDAP-era), not the documented design credit. (3) The 'PC-1638 Class Submarine Chaser' grouping is NavSource's index of U.S.-assigned patrol-craft numbers; the ship is a Peder Skram-class frigate - related only administratively to the Gunderson-built PC-1638-class chasers (PC-1638-1643, for Turkey).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1992-1995 (disposal)
- Limitations
- Corrections are of U.S.-secondary-source incompleteness, not new findings; the underlying Danish sources carry their own minor conflicts (refit window; per-ship cost-sharing split).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-built-in-denmark-as-pc1645-05
-
[7]Folketinget (Danish Parliament), Defence Committee 2006-07 - Defence Minister's final answers to questions 33-36 (annex to the Minister's letter of 2 February 2007), verified live 2026-10-03 [other_primary]
- Locator
- ft.dk, samling 2006-07, FOU alm. del, endeligt svar på spm. 33-36 (text of answers)
- Finding type
- regulatory
- Finding
- Official Danish government record on asbestos in Navy ships. The Defence Command stated (answer to q.33): 'i de af søværnets skibe, som blev bygget frem til midten af 1960'erne, er anvendt isoleringsmateriale med asbest' - insulation material containing asbestos was used in those Navy ships built up to the mid-1960s; 'i de af søværnets skibe og fartøjer, der er bygget efter 1972, har der ikke været anvendt asbest som isoleringsmateriale' - no asbestos insulation in ships built after 1972; the Armed Forces had recognized the health hazard since the early 1970s and maintained asbestos-sealing guidelines since the 1970s; an extensive asbestos-remediation program ran from the mid-1990s on the FALSTER-class minelayers and royal yacht DANNEBROG after seal failures; icebreakers ISBJØRN and DANBJØRN (built mid-1960s at Odense Skibsværft) carry sealed asbestos insulation. Answer to q.34: no systematic health screening of employees for asbestos effects was conducted; mandatory health checks for seagoing personnel began in the mid-1990s and for all military personnel from November 2006. A cancer study of ~8,500 current/former defence employees (including pleural mesothelioma among 22 cancer types flagged as over-represented in a 2003 Danish Cancer Society report) was initiated, expected to conclude summer 2007.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1960s-2007
- Population
- Royal Danish Navy personnel generally (fleet-level); no hull-specific population
- Limitations
- Fleet-level statement naming no individual hull. The 'built up to the mid-1960s' cutoff is ambiguous for this ship: laid down 18 Dec 1964 and launched 8 Sep 1965 (inside the window) but commissioned Apr 1967 (outside, if 'built' means completion). Whether the statement covers HERLUF TROLLE is therefore not directly resolved - this supports era-level inference only, not a ship-specific finding. Does not identify product types, quantities, or exposure of any person.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-built-in-denmark-as-pc1645-06
-
[8]Panou V, et al. 'Detailed mapping of mesothelioma cases in Denmark to identify areas with elevated risk: a nationwide population-based study,' Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 51(5):449- (2025); PMID 40326864 - verified live 2026-10-03 [other_primary]
- Locator
- SJWEH article 4229, Results and Discussion sections (full text)
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed Danish Cancer Registry study (3,105 pleural mesothelioma cases 1990-2021 mapped to 2,141 parishes): the 14 parishes with smoothed incidence rate ratios more than twice the national level 'were located around and in the cities of Aalborg, Odense, and Helsingør ... All these cities previously had shipyards.' Helsingør is the city of this hull's builder (Helsingør Skibsværft, closed 1983); earlier studies cited report the highest male mesothelioma IRRs in Aalborg, Helsingør, and Odense.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1990-2021
- Population
- Danish residents of flagged parishes incl. Helsingør area, 1990-2021
- Limitations
- Area-level epidemiology: ties elevated disease rates to cities with former shipyards, not to this hull, its construction, or any individual worker aboard it. No ship-specific exposure measurement exists in the study. Relevant only as builder-site context.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-built-in-denmark-as-pc1645-07
-
[9]Politiken (Danish national daily), 'Flådens ansatte udsat for asbest' (Navy employees exposed to asbestos), 6 February 2007 - verified live 2026-10-03; article body paywalled, lead paragraph verified [reputable_press]
- Locator
- Politiken article lead + caption (paywalled body)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Contemporaneous press coverage of the ministerial answer recorded in ev-06: 'De ansatte i Søværnet har i årevis arbejdet med skibe isoleret med asbest uden at blive tjekket for, om de blev syge af det' - Navy employees worked for years with asbestos-insulated ships without being checked for illness; attributes the disclosure to Defence Minister Søren Gade's answer to the Defence Committee; notes icebreakers Danbjørn and Isbjørn are asbestos-insulated.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 2007 (publication)
- Population
- Royal Danish Navy employees (fleet-level)
- Limitations
- Article body is paywalled; only the lead and photo caption were machine-verifiable - no claim beyond that text is carried. Fleet-level press reporting; names no hull and establishes nothing about this ship.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-built-in-denmark-as-pc1645-08
-
[10]Strand LA, et al. 'Asbestos-related cancers among 28,300 military servicemen in the Royal Norwegian Navy,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 53:64-71 (2010) - verified live 2026-10-03 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract + results summary (Wiley DOI 10.1002/ajim.20778)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed cohort of 28,300 Royal Norwegian Navy servicemen (service aboard 1950-1987): increased mesothelioma risk confined to marine engine crews - SIR 6.23 (<2 yrs service) and 6.49 (longer service); asbestos aboard vessels 'potentially caused exposure to 11,500 crew members' until 1987. Era/regional analogue: a neighboring NATO navy's diesel/gas-turbine-era fleet shows asbestos exposure concentrated in engine-room personnel during this hull's service window.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1950-2008 (follow-up)
- Population
- Royal Norwegian Navy engine-room crews, 1950-1987
- Limitations
- Norwegian cohort, not Danish; establishes that engine-room crews of the era's NATO navies had measurable asbestos exposure, not that this hull carried or released asbestos. No Danish-hull data included.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-built-in-denmark-as-pc1645-09
-
[11]Batch-7824 search ledger (this record): NavSource PC-1645; navalhistory.dk EN/DA; fsof.dk (Wayback); Muusfeldt 1982 (marinehist.dk); Folketinget 2006-07 FOU answers; SJWEH 4229; Politiken 2007; NVR; NHHC/DANFS; CourtListener [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-built-in-denmark-as-pc1645-01 through sl-...-11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no hull survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, veterans' compensation listing, or litigation naming PC-1645 or HDMS Herluf Trolle was found in the sources searched. The hull was never commissioned into the U.S. Navy (no DANFS entry per NavSource; no NVR detail page resolves), so U.S.-repository asbestos records (ship surveys, NAVSEA records) are not expected for this hull; Danish records searched disclose asbestos policy at fleet level only (ev-06).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 2026-10-03
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1964-67 combatant of this type is era-consistent with asbestos insulation, and the Defence Command's fleet statement plausibly covers it, but no hull-named record was found. CourtListener litigation queries were blocked by fleet pacing this session - see search_ledger.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-built-in-denmark-as-pc1645-10