Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]research packet ci-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (mirror-sourced)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- qualifier: VERIFIED (mirror-sourced)
- Evidence ID
- uss-calamus-aog25-pkt-ci-packet-md
-
[2]NHHC DANFS, 'Calamus (AOG-25)' entry - launch 4 May 1944 by East Coast Shipyard Inc. Bayonne NJ under Maritime Commission contract, sponsor Mrs. A. H. Moore; transferred to Navy and commissioned 7 July 1944, LT W. Hord USCGR; Ulithi/Eniwetok/Saipan/Okinawa station-tanker service; decommissioned 15 May 1946; transferred to Maritime Commission 4 September 1946; one battle star; spec block (845 t, 220'6" x 37' x 13'11", 10 kts, complement 62, one 3-inch gun, class Mettawee) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS Calamus page, spec block and narrative paragraphs 1-3
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Establishes identity, builder, launch/transfer/commissioning dates, Pacific station-tanker service (departed Norfolk 13 Sep 1944; Ulithi from mid-Dec 1944; Eniwetok 20 Jan 1945 for Iwo Jima staging; Saipan 11 Feb-26 Apr; Okinawa anchorage 26 Apr through assault and occupation under Japanese air attack), one battle star, return to San Francisco 20 Mar 1946, decommission 15 May 1946 at San Francisco, and transfer to the Maritime Commission 4 Sep 1946.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Limitations
- DANFS is a secondary-level official summary, not a deck log; it omits the October 1945 typhoon grounding entirely (documented instead by the CINCPAC report, ev-03, and MARAD card, ev-04). Contains no asbestos, material, or crew-exposure information; supports no asbestos claim. Armament listed only as 'one 3-inch' - NavSource carries the fuller fit.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-calamus-aog25-01
-
[3]U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office, 'USS Calamus, AOG-25' (Dec. 4, 2020; sources: Cutter History File, DANFS) - 845-ton Mettawee-class gasoline tanker built Bayonne NJ under MC contract; 'placed in commission on 11 July 1944 with a Coast Guard crew'; Pacific station-tanker service; 'decommissioned and her Coast Guard crew removed on 15 May 1946'; laid up MC reserve fleet Suisun Bay; 'sold for scrapping in March 1964' [other_primary]
- Locator
- USCG Historian's Office article, main text block
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official USCG history office documentation that AOG-25 was Coast Guard-manned for its entire naval service (commissioned with a USCG crew; CO W. Hord and successors per NavSource roster were all USCG officers; crew removed at decommissioning 15 May 1946). Confirms MC transfer September 1946, Suisun Bay lay-up, and scrap sale in March 1964.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1944-1946, 1964
- Population
- U.S. Coast Guard crew (1944-1946)
- Limitations
- Commission date given as 11 July 1944 conflicts with DANFS/NavSource 7 July 1944 (carried in gaps, DANFS date used). 'Sold for scrapping in March 1964' matches the MARAD withdrawal date 2 March 1964 (sale award was 7 February 1964 - the dates describe different steps, see ev-04). No asbestos or materials content. Page live-verified via firecrawl 2026-10-05; site returns 403 to some fetch profiles.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-calamus-aog25-02
-
[4]Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas, Report on the Surrender and Occupation of Japan, Serial 0395 of 11 February 1946 - Annex A 'Typhoon Louise: The 9 October 1945 Storm at Okinawa' and Appendix III 'Typhoon Damage at Okinawa (Based Upon Progress Reports to 19 November)' (NHHC online reading room transcription) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NHHC Pacific Typhoon October 1945 page; Appendix III vessel-damage table, row 'AOG 25 CALAMUS'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Primary Navy record naming this hull in the Typhoon Louise casualty table: 'AOG 25 CALAMUS - Refloated 10/24. Retain in service, repair.' Calamus was driven aground in Buckner Bay during the 9 October 1945 storm (peak sustained winds 100 knots, gusts 120), refloated 24 October 1945, retained in service and repaired - the fleet-level damage summary counts 12 ships sunk, 222 grounded, 32 severely damaged; sister Sacandaga (AOG-40) is listed 'Grounded. Strip, abandonment. Decommissioned 11/24/45.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1945-10-09 to 1945-11-19
- Population
- USCG crew aboard at Okinawa (Oct-Nov 1945); ComServDiv 104 salvage/repair personnel
- Limitations
- Documents a grounding and repair event aboard this hull - an exposure-relevant work episode in kind - but contains no asbestos, insulation, or materials statement whatsoever; does not establish that the repair disturbed asbestos materials. NavSource's photo-caption claim that the ship was 'fully repaired' within three weeks is contradicted by the MARAD card record of residual unrepaired damage (ev-04). Does not address crew casualties aboard this specific hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-calamus-aog25-03
-
[5]MARAD Vessel History Database, CALAMUS (AOG-25) Ship History Detail 652 + digitized status cards (Reserve Fleet Division vessel-data card; Form MA-20 Record of Ship Sales; vessel status card) and CALAMUS.pdf custody sheet [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- Detail page https://vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/ShipHistory/Detail/652; card images /cards/652_1220AF.jpg (vessel-data card), /cards/652_AF.jpg (MA-20 sale record), /cards/5c7fc47e-41dc-47a8-adef-bbd404a68571.png (status card); document /documents/a5f14c5f-a2ba-4ec1-8a60-f881689a6003.pdf (custody sheet)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- MARAD primary custody records for this hull: T1-M-A2, MC hull 1522, built by East Coast Shipyards Inc. (yard hull #7) Bayonne NJ, completed June 1944; entered reserve fleet at Suisun Bay 9-4-46 noon PST. Vessel-data card documents residual typhoon damage: 'Recommended for Scrap. Grounded in typhoon - Navy estimated in Jan. 1948 it would cost $425,000 to put ship in operable condition' (ref. Gorman memo 12/21/51); MarAd-Navy Planning Group 23 Sep 1953 estimated repair damage over $100,000. Failed scrap-sale solicitations PD-X-475 (9-20-48), PD-X-480 (12-15-48), PD-X-488 (4-8-49), and PD-X-500 (5-8-50) - card annotations record 'no bids' and 'bids rejected - to be readvertised' against the 1948-50 attempts. Final sale: advertised PD-X-657 1-14-64, opened 2-4-64, awarded 2-7-64 to National Metal & Steel Corp. for $13,560.55 (contract MA-3548); withdrawn and delivered to purchaser 3-2-64 1500 hrs PST.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1946-09-04 to 1964-03-02
- Population
- NDRF Suisun Bay lay-up/custody personnel (1946-1964); National Metal & Steel Corp. shipbreakers (1964)
- Limitations
- Primary documentation of custody, damage assessment, and disposal - the authoritative record that the 1945 grounding damage was never fully repaired (contradicting secondary 'fully repaired' framing). Contains no asbestos, insulation, or hazmat content; the sale records contain no materials condition survey. Scrapping location not stated beyond delivery at Suisun Bay.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-calamus-aog25-04
-
[6]NavSource Online Service Ship Photo Archive, USS Calamus (AOG-25) page 09/20/2025 - MC hull 1522 T1-M-A2 at East Coast Shipyards Inc. Bayonne; launch 4 May 1944; commissioned 7 Jul 1944 LT William Hord USCG; Okinawa Gunto campaign 7 Apr-30 Jun 1945; occupation service 2 Sep 1945-30 Jan 1946; 'beached as a result of Typhoon Louise, 9 October 1945, re-floated 24 October 1945'; decommissioned 15 May 1946 San Francisco; transferred to MC 4 Sep 1946 NDRF Suisun Bay; sold for scrapping 7 Feb 1964 National Metal & Steel Corp. $13,560.55 (PD-X-657); specifications including Fairbanks-Morse 37E16 direct-drive diesel, single propeller 800 shp, diesel ship's-service generators; USCG commanding-officer roster; NARA photo 80-G-280801 (off Norfolk 17 Sep 1944) and NHHC photo NH 78644 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource AOG-25 page - specifications block, campaign table, commanding-officer roster, photo captions (80-G-280801; NH 78644; Naha grounding photo 12 Oct 1945)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Reference compilation confirming the design and propulsion fit of this hull: Fairbanks-Morse 37E16 direct-drive diesel, single screw ~800 shp, no steam plant; cargo 1,365 DWT / 12,100 bbls oil; armament 1x3"/50 DP, 2x40mm, 3x20mm; USCG-manning banner and full USCG commanding-officer roster (Hord, Robinson, Bigler, Johansan); Typhoon Louise beaching 9 Oct 1945 and refloat 24 Oct 1945; photo caption records that sisters Sheepscot (AOG-24) and Sacandaga (AOG-40) were wrecked in typhoons and destroyed in place; scrapping sale details matching MARAD PD-X-657.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1944-1964
- Population
- USCG crew (1944-1946)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a reputable volunteer photographic archive, not a government record - its 'repaired and returned to service'/'fully repaired' framing is qualified against the MARAD card (ev-04), which documents substantial residual damage. Keel-laying and stricken dates given as 'unknown'; DWT 1,365 vs 1,368 on the MARAD status card. No asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-calamus-aog25-05
-
[7]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- AJIM 11(3):359-373, abstract and article
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and emergency construction program under which this T1-M-A2 tanker was built at East Coast Shipyards, Bayonne, in 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarship; does not name this vessel, this class, or East Coast Shipyards and does not establish that asbestos was or is aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, exposure, or causation. DOI resolves to Wiley; publisher page blocks automated fetch (HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-10-05) - abstract-level verification.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-calamus-aog25-06
-
[8]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire 1944 construction and 1944-46 service era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. Full text not retrieved - gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch (standing restriction, confirmed this session); content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-calamus-aog25-07
-
[9]Era inference built on: NavSource/MARAD propulsion data (Fairbanks-Morse 37E16 diesel, no steam plant); T1-M-A2 class design data (Shipscribe transcription of official Ships' Data for the Mettawee class); Corn & Starr AJIM 1987 (ev-06); GAO HRD-80-2 (ev-07) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource specifications; MARAD status card machinery field ('Fairbanks-Morse engines'); Shipscribe Mettawee-class page (shipscribe.com/usnaux/AOG/AOG17.html)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-driven T1-M-A2 gasoline tanker built in 1944 sits inside the documented WWII shipbuilding asbestos era; era-standard applications aboard a vessel of this type and period were machinery and diesel-exhaust insulation, gaskets and valve packing, electrical insulation, and accommodation-space insulation. As a diesel vessel she carried no steam plant - the boiler/steam-line lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1944-1964
- Population
- East Coast Shipyards construction trades (1944); USCG crew (1944-46); repair personnel during post-typhoon work (Oct-Nov 1945); NDRF lay-up crews; 1964 shipbreakers
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, work package, or specification sheet located for MC hull 1522/AOG-25. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-calamus-aog25-08
-
[10]Batch-1969 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS; USCG Historian's Office; NHHC CINCPAC Serial 0395 typhoon extract; NavSource 09/20/2025; MARAD ShipHistory Detail 652 + status cards + custody PDF; NARA digitized deck-logs index; NVR; CourtListener authenticated searches; EEOICPA/NIOSH yard-level sweep; secondary web litigation sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-calamus-aog25-01 through -13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS Calamus (AOG-25 / MC 1522) was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener authenticated queries 2026-10-05: 'USS Calamus' opinion = 0 results; 'USS Calamus' docket = 17 hits, all name collisions (dockets whose text contains 'calamus' - none maritime, none naming the vessel); 'AOG-25' opinion = 55 and docket = 2,222 on a high-collision string (Arkansas Oklahoma Gas, Assemblies of God, aviation 'aircraft on ground', AOG-named corporations - sampled hits all non-vessel); asbestos-qualified variant '"AOG-25" asbestos' = 0 on both indexes. The only 'asbestos aboard' material found is law-firm marketing content (asbestos-ships.com carries a Calamus page) asserting exposure without primary sourcing - excluded by source policy.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 2026-10-05
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull was built inside the documented WWII asbestos era and passed through an unrepaired typhoon-damage lay-up. Deck logs (RG 24, Archives II), BuShips/MC construction files, and the PD-X-657 scrapping-contract file are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-calamus-aog25-09
-
[11]NARA 'Navy Deck Logs Available in the National Archives Catalog' index (RG 24 digitization project) + NARA still-photo references carried in NavSource captions (80-G-280801, USS Calamus off Norfolk 17 Sep 1944; NH 78644 NHHC print) [other_primary]
- Locator
- archives.gov/research/military/logbooks/navy-online (A-Z index, no Calamus entry); photo captions on navsource.net/archives/09/20/2025.htm
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Calamus is not on NARA's digitized deck-logs index (checked 2026-10-05); the ship's 1944-46 deck logs remain textual records at Archives II (RG 24) - a lead that could document the typhoon grounding, repair period, and any materials remarks. NARA photo 80-G-280801 documents the ship in MS32/8AO camouflage off Norfolk, 17 September 1944 (caption transcribed via NavSource).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 2026-10-05 (index check); 1944-1946 (records period)
- Limitations
- Index absence means 'not digitized', not 'not extant' - RG 24 textual logs are held at Archives II, College Park. The NARA catalog is JS-rendered; photo NAID transcribed via NavSource caption, not directly verified in the catalog this session. Deck logs would not typically itemize construction materials.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-calamus-aog25-10