Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
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[1]CourtListener opinion search: 'USS Camanche' [court_record]
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener opinion search 'USS Camanche' returned 3 result(s) (2026-10-07); individual records not reviewed
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Limitations
- hit count only — underlying dockets/opinions not individually reviewed; name query may match same-named vessels
- Evidence ID
- uss-camanche-acm11-cl-name-opinion
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[2]CourtListener docket search: 'USS Camanche' [court_record]
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener docket search 'USS Camanche' returned 14 result(s) (2026-10-07); individual records not reviewed
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Limitations
- hit count only — underlying dockets/opinions not individually reviewed; name query may match same-named vessels
- Evidence ID
- uss-camanche-acm11-cl-name-docket
-
[3]CourtListener opinion search: 'ACM-11' [court_record]
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener opinion search 'ACM-11' returned 8024 result(s) (2026-10-07); individual records not reviewed
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- hit count only — underlying dockets/opinions not individually reviewed
- Evidence ID
- uss-camanche-acm11-cl-hull-opinion
-
[4]CourtListener docket search: 'ACM-11' [court_record]
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener docket search 'ACM-11' returned 26007 result(s) (2026-10-07); individual records not reviewed
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- hit count only — underlying dockets/opinions not individually reviewed
- Evidence ID
- uss-camanche-acm11-cl-hull-docket
-
[5]Shipscribe (S. S. Roberts), 'USS Camanche (ACM 11, Army MP Design 201) Class' - compiled from Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels and SECNAV notices; NavSource Online Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive, file 11/0111 (photo captions draw on Marietta Manufacturing Company Records, J.Y. Joyner Library, East Carolina University); Shipbuilding History, 'U.S. Army Mine Craft MP L M' yard table [other_primary]
- Locator
- Shipscribe ACM-11 class page (construction table, ship notes); NavSource 11/0111 spec block and photo captions; shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/armyminecraft.htm
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: built as USAMP Brigadier General Royal T. Frank (MP-12) by Marietta Manufacturing Co., Point Pleasant, WV (yard hull no. 485), under the Army's MP 1-12 contract dated 1941-01-18 to Army Design 201 (specs dated Nov 1940, modified May 1941) for a 188-ft twin-screw steel steam mine planter; keel 1941 per Shipscribe construction table; launched 1942 (NavSource: 1942-10-31); commissioned into Army service 1942-11-28. She was the second Army vessel named for Civil War-brevet Brig. Gen. Royal T. Frank - the first (1909 mine planter converted to inter-island transport USAT Royal T. Frank) was sunk by a Japanese submarine off Hawaii in January 1942 with the loss of 33 lives, a namesake collision relevant to name searches. Class data (Shipscribe): 910 tons light / 1,315 full; 188.7 ft oa x 37 ft; accommodations 11 officers + 54 enlisted; 12 knots.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1941-1942
- Population
- Marietta Manufacturing construction workforce (1941-42); 19th CAMP Battery embarked crew
- Limitations
- Specialist compilations agree on builder, yard number, contract framework, launch year, and Army commissioning date; minor divergences on keel year (1941 vs 1942) and complement (65 design vs 69) are logged in gaps. NavSource and shipbuildinghistory carry the 'transferred to Navy 1944' claim addressed in the correction row. None of these sources contains asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-camanche-acm11-01
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[6]Fort Miles Historic District NRHP nomination, NPS npgallery (NRHP 04001076); USACE Baltimore District FUDS fact sheet, Fort Miles Military Reservation; NavSource 11/0111 photo caption (Marietta Manufacturing records, ECU); FortMiles.org 'Principle Armament - Mine Field' and 1944-07-18 Army 'Philadelphia Defense Sector' report as cited in Wikipedia [nps]
- Locator
- NRHP nomination (Mine Storage Building, dock/pier resources); USACE FUDS fact sheet (contentdm id 6056); NavSource caption text; Wikipedia 'U.S. Army Coast Artillery Corps Service' section citing FortMiles.org and the 1944 Army report
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Army service documented for this hull: her embarked crew was the 19th Coast Artillery Mine Planter Battery, activated 1942-11-28 at Fort Hancock, NJ and directed to Point Pleasant, WV to man MP-12; the ship was assigned to the controlled minefield at Fort Miles, DE guarding the entrance to Delaware Bay (NavSource photo caption dates the assignment 1942-12-19; the Fort Miles-derived account gives 1943-04-01 - discrepancy logged in gaps). At Fort Miles she joined the 12th CAMP Battery embarked in USAMP 1st Lt. William G. Sylvester (MP-5, later USS Obstructor ACM-7) maintaining the minefield while it converted from M3 buoyant mines to 455 M4 ground mines (3,000-lb charge) in 35 groups of 13; her cable gear tended the mine control cables plus hydrophone sets and indicator loops. Installation-level corroboration: Fort Miles Historic District NRHP nomination (04001076) documents the mine mission incl. the Mine Storage Building; USACE FUDS fact sheets confirm the minefield and note the Navy ran the Harbor Entrance Control Post from 1941 while the Army planted and maintained the mines.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1942-1945
- Population
- 19th CAMP Battery (ship's Army crew); Fort Miles Mine Command personnel
- Limitations
- The ship-specific assignment is verified through converging secondary compilations (NavSource caption, FortMiles-derived account) but the underlying primary documents (1944-07-18 Army 'Philadelphia Defense Sector' report; 19th CAMP Battery records) are archival leads, not retrieved. NRHP/FUDS sources are installation-level - they document the Fort Miles mine mission, not this hull specifically. No asbestos information in any source.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-camanche-acm11-02
-
[7]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Vol. II (1963), 'Camanche II' entry - direct text via archive.org scan dictionaryofamer02wash; Shipscribe ACM-11 class page (SECNAV notice of 1949-11-23; construction/disposition tables: classified 1949-12-02, stricken 1960-07-01, Navy sale 1961-02, Pilgrim 1961, Cape Cod 1978); NavSource 11/0111 [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS Vol. II 'Camanche' entry (Camanche II paragraph); Shipscribe ACM-11 class notes and disposition table row ACM-11; NavSource 11/0111
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Navy custody chain documented for this hull: SECNAV notice of 1949-11-23 - incident to the transfer of controlled-mining functions from the Army to the Navy - directed that Army senior mine planters (MP) to be acquired be classified Auxiliary Mine Layers (ACM); hull numbers ACM 11-13 were approved for BG Royal T. Frank (MP-12), MG Erasmus Weaver (MP-10), and Col. Horace F. Spurgin (MP-14) with names expressly not assigned (Shipscribe quoting the notice). MP-12 was classified ACM-11 effective c. 1949-12-02 and went immediately to the Atlantic Reserve Fleet at New York; never commissioned, converted, or deployed. DANFS (Vol. II) records the remainder verbatim: 'ACM-11 (q.v.) was reclassified MMA-11, 7 February 1955, and assigned the name Camanche 1 May 1955' - names for all six ACM 11-16 hulls were approved 1955-04-26 effective 1955-05-01. Stricken 1960-07-01; disposed by Navy sale 1961-02-01/02; became tuna fishing vessel Pilgrim operating out of Cape Cod, MA (1961); renamed Cape Cod (1978); subsequent fate unknown; IMO 7730692 per Wikipedia (registry trail not independently traced).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1949-1978
- Population
- None embarked (reserve-fleet custody); caretaker crews only
- Limitations
- DANFS's coverage of this hull is a single sentence (no standalone ACM-11 entry exists - the ship never commissioned). The 1949-12-02 'reclas' date is Shipscribe's table value for the ACM-11 classification effective date; the notice itself is dated 1949-11-23. Live NHHC DANFS pages for Camanche return 404 (link rot noted in Batch 01); the archive.org scan of the printed volume was used. No asbestos information in any source.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-camanche-acm11-03
-
[8]Shipscribe ACM-11 class notes (SECNAV notice 1949-11-23; disposition 1960/1961) vs NavSource 11/0111 ('Transferred to the Navy in 1944'), Wikipedia Camanche (ACM-11) ('acquired 1944', 'sold commercial 1948'), Shipbuilding History army-mine-craft table ('To USN 1944... sold 1948'), indicatorloops.com USCG Pequot sister-ships page [other_primary]
- Locator
- Shipscribe ACM-11 class notes + disposition table; NavSource header bullets; Wikipedia infobox/fate lines; shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/armyminecraft.htm; indicatorloops.com/usn_pequot_sisterships.htm
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Source discrepancy resolved: NavSource, Wikipedia, Shipbuilding History, and indicatorloops.com state the Navy acquired this ship in 1944, and Wikipedia/Shipbuilding History state she was 'sold' in 1948 to become Pilgrim. Those claims are incompatible with the ship's own Navy record - a hull sold commercially in 1948 could not be reclassified MMA-11 on 1955-02-07, named Camanche effective 1955-05-01, stricken 1960-07-01, or Navy-sold 1961-02-02. Shipscribe's SECNAV-notice documentation (ACM-11 classification approved 1949-11-23, effective c. 1949-12-02; immediate transfer to Atlantic Reserve Fleet) is adopted as controlling, corroborated by Navypedia's independent tabulation (Army commission 11/1942, Navy c. 1950, stricken c. 1960). The '1944' figure may reflect the wartime consolidation of mine-warfare responsibility - the Navy had operated the Fort Miles Harbor Entrance Control Post since 1941 - or simple propagation; it is not asserted. The '1948' sale is treated as error (possibly a misread of the 1961 disposal).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1944-1961
- Limitations
- Resolves a secondary-source discrepancy using the SECNAV-notice-based reconstruction; the precise date the Army physically delivered custody to the Navy (vs. the classification effective date) is not pinned by a primary document in hand - the Dec 1949 classification is the documented milestone. Does not affect the asbestos analysis. No asbestos information in any source.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-camanche-acm11-04
-
[9]Shipscribe ACM-11 class data (machinery: Skinner Unaflow steam reciprocating 3-cyl, 2 boilers 210psi/491deg, 2 screws; design spec dates); NavSource spec block [other_primary]
- Locator
- Shipscribe class notes machinery paragraph; NavSource 11/0111 specifications
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference only: MP-12 was built 1941-42 to Army Design 201 as a steel, steam-propelled mine planter - two boilers (210 psi/491 deg F) feeding two Skinner Unaflow 3-cylinder reciprocating engines (the same engine family used in Navy LSD 1-8, Casablanca-class CVEs, and Maritime Commission S3 cable ships), with steam piping, auxiliary machinery, and an extensive electrical/mine-control cable installation. Vessels of this era and plant type era-typically carried asbestos in boiler and steam-line insulation, gaskets, packing, insulation felts, brake linings on cable gear and winches, and cable insulation. No insulation schedule, spec sheet, or survey for Design 201 or hull 485 was located - inference from documented machinery type and construction era only.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1941-1949
- Population
- Marietta Manufacturing construction trades (1941-42); engine-room personnel (Army battery crew, 1942-c.1949)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference, not a hull record - the machinery and construction data are documented for the class; the asbestos content of installed materials is NOT documented for this hull or design. Does not establish quantity, location, condition, individual exposure, or causation. The Army Design 201 specifications (Nov 1940) would be the controlling document and were not retrieved.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-camanche-acm11-05
-
[10]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987); Fleischer WE, Viles FJ Jr, Gade RL, Drinker P, 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels,' J Ind Hyg Toxicol 1946;28(1):9-16 [other_primary]
- Locator
- AJIM 11(3):359-373; J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28(1):9-16
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Era documentation: Corn & Starr (AJIM 1987) document that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the window in which this hull was built (1941-42) and crewed by the Army; Fleischer, Viles, Gade & Drinker (J Ind Hyg Toxicol 1946) surveyed wartime pipe-covering operations in naval-vessel construction at four anonymized yards, documenting high dust counts in insulation work - the construction-era trade regime applicable to a steam vessel of this window.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; articles 1987 and 1946
- Population
- WWII shipbuilding trades (era context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarship - neither source names this vessel, her design, her builder, or Army mine planters. Fleischer surveyed Navy and contract yards (this hull was built at a commercial yard under Army contract - a related but distinct procurement channel). Establishes era plausibility only; nothing about presence, quantity, exposure, or causation aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-camanche-acm11-06
-
[11]CourtListener API v4 opinion search, queries: "Camanche" (144 hits, all collisions); "Camanche" asbestos (0); "ACM-11" (1 collision); "MMA-11" (6 collisions); "Royal T. Frank" (0); "Royal Frank" (2 collisions) [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-camanche-acm11-05 through sl-uss-camanche-acm11-08
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener API v4 sweep, 2026-09-19 (exact name and hull numbers): 'Camanche' returned 144 opinion hits - all name collisions (City of Camanche / Camanche Community School District, IA municipal and school litigation; Camanche Sand & Gravel Co.; Camanche, Iowa criminal matters; The Camanche, 75 U.S. 477 (1869), a Supreme Court admiralty case involving an unrelated Pacific-coast steamer - classified other litigation/name collision). 'Camanche' + asbestos: zero. 'ACM-11': one hit (Nautilus Insurance v. ACM Contractors, Inc., S.D. Tex. 2008 - contractor name collision). 'MMA-11': six hits, all statute/case-name collisions. 'Royal T. Frank': zero; 'Royal Frank': two surname collisions (Gallamore v. City of Olympia 1904; Sweet v. Irrigation Canal Co. 1953). No qualifying asbestos case naming this hull, its Army name, or its hull numbers was located.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 2026-09-19
- Limitations
- Opinion-corpus coverage only - does not cover unindexed dockets, state-court filings, MDL-875 ship lists in unindexed attachments, or bankruptcy-trust claims. A hull that never commissioned and spent its Navy custody in reserve lacks the veteran-claimant channel that generates most vessel-naming asbestos cases; absence of a case is expected, not probative. Name-collision risk noted: Camanche, IA and the 1869 SCOTUS steamer dominate the name space.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-camanche-acm11-07
-
[12]Batch-429 search ledger (this record): DANFS Vol. II scan; NHHC live DANFS (404); NavSource 11/0111; Shipscribe ACM-11 class page; Shipbuilding History army mine craft; CourtListener API v4 sweep; MARAD ShipHistory public search; NPS NRHP 04001076; USACE FUDS [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-camanche-acm11-01 through sl-uss-camanche-acm11-12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, NDRF/MARAD status card, or docketed case naming MP-12 / ACM-11 / MMA-11 / Camanche / Pilgrim / Cape Cod was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The hull's profile explains the thinness: built at a small inland commercial yard under Army contract, crewed by an Army battery through WWII, held in reserve (never commissioned, refitted, or deployed) during Navy custody 1949-1960, then sold into commercial fishing where her post-1978 trail is undocumented.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 2026-09-19
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1941-42 steam hull is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials, and her 1961+ commercial conversions are undocumented territory that could have added or removed material. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-camanche-acm11-08
-
[13]NARA record-group mapping (RG 392 Coast Artillery records); ECU Joyner Library Marietta Manufacturing Company Records collection; Fort Miles Museum/FortMiles.org; commercial registry trail (IMO 7730692) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA RG 392 guide; ECU Joyner digital collections (cited as photo source in NavSource/Wikipedia); fortmilesmuseum.org
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - no spend authorized, no research-room visit): (1) NARA RG 392 (Records of U.S. Army Coast Artillery Districts and Defenses) - 19th CAMP Battery records and the 1944-07-18 'Philadelphia Defense Sector' report cited by FortMiles.org; (2) Marietta Manufacturing Company Records, Digital Collections, J.Y. Joyner Library, East Carolina University - builder's records incl. the MP-12 underway photo (1943-01-08) already cited by Wikipedia/NavSource; (3) the Army Design 201 specifications (Nov 1940, mod. May 1941) - the controlling materials document for this hull, likely in Army engineer/transportation records; (4) commercial-registry trail for IMO 7730692 (Pilgrim/Cape Cod) to close the post-1978 fate; (5) Fort Miles Historical Association/Museum archive for minefield operations naming the vessel.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1940-1978 records
- Limitations
- Record-group and collection mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for hull 485 / Design 201 is unknown until surveyed. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-camanche-acm11-09