Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
-
[1]research packet 835-packet.md (1 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-cameron-lst928-pkt-835-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, LST-928 (NHHC online entry, verified live 2026-10-03) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS LST-928 entry, full text
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS records for this hull: 'LST-928 was laid down on 1 June 1944 at Hingham, Mass., by the Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard, Inc.; launched on 5 July 1944; and commissioned on 30 July 1944, Lt. C. R. Stearns, USNR, in command. During World War II, LST-928 was assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific theater and participated in the assault and occupation of Iwo Jima in March 1945. She was decommissioned on 13 December 1946. LST-928 earned one battle star for World War II service.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1946 (entry coverage)
- Population
- Bethlehem-Hingham construction trades (1944); crew (1944-46)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. The DANFS entry is the minimal LST-format entry - it does not mention the APB-50 conversion, Cameron naming, reserve-fleet layup, striking, sale, or loss; those milestones come from other rows. Entry predates no milestones (entry covers 1944-46 events only).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cameron-lst928-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS Cameron (APB-50) ex USS LST-928 - timeline, unit assignments, campaign table, specifications, commanding officers, disposal and loss (verified live 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/16/160928.htm header block, campaign table, specifications block, commanding-officers table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline for this hull: laid down 1 June 1944, Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard, Inc., Hingham MA; launched 5 July 1944; commissioned USS LST-928, 30 July 1944, LT. Clifford R. Stearns USNR in command. Asiatic-Pacific theater: LST Flotilla Six (CAPT Laidlaw USN), LST Group Eighteen (CDR P. Neikum USNR Ret.), LST Division Thirty-Five; Iwo Jima operation, assault and occupation of Iwo Jima, 19 February to 16 March 1945. Reclassified Self-propelled Barracks Ship APB-50, named USS Cameron, 1 July 1945. Decommissioned 13 December 1946; laid up in the Reserve Fleet at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard; struck from the Naval Register 23 July 1959; one battle star. Sold in 1959 to Pacific Inland Navigation Co., Portland OR for $131,000 for non-transportation use on the Columbia River; reduced to a barge named Kevalaska; final disposition - capsized and lost 25 May 1975 near Seldovia and Kachemak Bay, Alaska, under tow by the tug Daphne. Specifications: 1,625 t light / 4,080 t full / 2,366 t beaching; 328 ft oa; 50 ft beam; 11.6 kt; complement 13 officers / 104 enlisted; troop accommodations 16 officers / 147 enlisted; two GM 12-567A 900 hp diesels, single Falk main reduction gear, three 100 kW 230 V DC generators, two propellers, 1,700 shp, twin rudders.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1975
- Population
- Bethlehem-Hingham construction trades (1944); crew and embarked troops (1944-46); reserve-fleet caretakers PSNS (1946-59); Pacific Inland Navigation crews (1959-75); tug Daphne crew (1975)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer secondary compilation, not a primary registry - its milestone dates generally track NVR/DANFS and are corroborated for this hull by DANFS (build/commission/decomm dates) and the wreck-list chain (1975 loss). The '1 July 1945' APB-50 reclassification date conflicts with NavalCoverMuseum (August 1945), a yard-table summary ('1944'), and Wikipedia ('1 July 1955', an apparent conflation with the 1955 reversion - see ev-10). Page contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cameron-lst928-02
-
[4]ShipbuildingHistory.com, Bethlehem-Hingham Shipyard production table and yard history (updated August 7, 2021; verified live 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Bethlehem-Hingham yard table, row for hull 3398; yard-history preamble
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The yard production table lists hull number 3398, type LST, number 928, FY 1943: keel laid 1 June 1944, launched 5 July 1944, delivered 30 July 1944 - 34 days on the ways, 25 days in the water, 59 days total; disposition column reads 'Cameron (APB 50), scrapped 1960.' Yard history: Bethlehem-Hingham was built in 1941 for destroyer-escort construction with $35 million in Navy funding, had 16 ways, was managed by Bethlehem's Quincy yard, employed over 23,000 at peak, and was closed and liquidated after the war.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1943-1960
- Population
- Bethlehem-Hingham construction trades, peak workforce over 23,000 (1941-45)
- Limitations
- Secondary production table compiled from yard/registry records - corroborates DANFS/NavSource dates and supplies the yard hull number and a 'scrapped 1960' disposition summary. 'Scrapped 1960' conflicts with the documented commercial-barge afterlife to 1975 (ev-02, ev-07); the likely reconciliation is reduction to a barge ca. 1959-60 rather than breakup, but the yard table does not say so - logged in gaps. Contains no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cameron-lst928-03
-
[5]NHHC Photograph Catalog, UA 571.55 'USS Cameron (APB-50)' - 'Oversize panoramic of USS Cameron (APB-50) (formerly LST-928) - collage including war cruise map, and various ship images, 1945' (verified live via firecrawl 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NHHC photo catalog entry UA 571.55, title and description fields
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The Naval History and Heritage Command photograph catalog titles a 1945-dated artifact 'USS Cameron (APB-50)' and describes it as 'formerly LST-928': an oversize panoramic collage including the ship's war cruise map and various ship images, 1945 (Accession UA 571, Catalog UA 571.55). A Navy-cataloged 1945 artifact carrying the name 'USS Cameron (APB-50)' corroborates that the renaming and APB-50 reclassification applied in 1945, not 1955 as one secondary account has it (see ev-10).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1945 (artifact date)
- Limitations
- Corroboration of the 1945 naming window only: the catalog description is the archivist's title; the underlying collage could have been captioned after the fact. The high-resolution image was not retrievable this session (image-delivery endpoint returned 404 to automated fetch) - the war cruise map's contents (ports, dates) remain an unextracted lead. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cameron-lst928-04
-
[6]U.S. Naval Academy, Nimitz Library Special Collections & Archives, World War II Ship Action Reports 1942-1945 (MS 415), finding aid (published November 2010; verified live 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- MS 415 finding aid, Series 2 (SHIPS L including landing craft), Box 14 Folder 20
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The MS 415 finding aid's contents list includes 'U.S.S. LST-928 (Landing Ship - Tank), March 1945 - Action at Iwo Jima' at Box 14, Folder 20: her action report for the Iwo Jima operation survives in this unrestricted Navy-transferred collection (22.21 linear feet, transferred from the Naval History Division in 1961). Access is unrestricted but the document is not digitized.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1945 (report); finding aid 2010
- Population
- LST-928 crew during the Iwo Jima operation (March 1945)
- Limitations
- Archival lead only: the finding aid verifies that a ship-filed action report exists and its box/folder location; its contents (dates on station, boats employed, casualties, cargo) were not reviewed - no page-pull was possible this session. Not an asbestos record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cameron-lst928-05
-
[7]NavalCoverMuseum designation history, CAMERON APB-50 (postal-cover museum wiki; verified live 2026-10-03) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavalCoverMuseum wiki, CAMERON APB 50 page, 'Names and Designations' chronological table
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The NavalCoverMuseum designation table gives the full designation sequence: USS LST-928 (commissioned 30 July 1944) -> USS CAMERON APB-50 ('Reclassified Self-propelled Barracks Ship (APB) and named August 1945') -> decommissioned 13 December 1946, laid up in reserve -> CAMERON LST-928 ('Reverted to Tank Landing Ship (LST) July 1 1955, while in reserve') -> struck from Naval Register (date unknown in this source) -> sold 1959 to Pacific Inland Navigation Co., Portland OR, renamed KEUALASKA, 'Fate unknown.'
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1959
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled postal-history reference - secondary sourcing, but the only located source that displays the complete designation sequence including the 1 July 1955 reversion to LST that explains the conflicting '1955 rename' accounts (see ev-10). Exact-day conflict on the APB conversion (August 1945 here vs 1 July 1945 NavSource vs '1944' yard-table summary) unresolved - logged in gaps. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cameron-lst928-06
-
[8]Alaska Shipwrecks (alaskashipwreck.com), KEVALASKA (1975) entry - transcribing the BOEM Alaska Shipwreck List (2011), The Seattle Times (29 May 1975) 'Divers examine barge in Alaska, consider salvage,' and Merchant Vessels of the U.S. (1974) registry; corroborated by Port of Alaska History Folio #2, sec. 3 p. 161 (verified live 2026-10-03) [reputable_press]
- Locator
- alaskashipwreck.com South Central K entries, KEVALASKA (1975); https://www.portofalaska.com/port_history/folio2/section3/2_3_161_121.pdf
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Independent corroboration of the barge identity chain and loss: the 326-foot steel barge KEVALASKA capsized and was lost 25 May 1975 near Seldovia and Kachemak Bay while under tow by the tug Daphne, hauling general cargo including logs and cement; barge and cargo valued at $1.2 million. Registry data transcribed from Merchant Vessels of the U.S. (1974): 3,384 gross and net tons, built 1944 at Hingham MA, former names LST-928 (USN) and APB-50 (USN) - tying the commercial barge to this hull by official registry entry. The Port of Alaska's published history folio independently recounts the tug Daphne losing a cement-and-pipe-laden barge near Flat Island south of Seldovia.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1974-1975
- Population
- Tug Daphne crew; barge/cargo interests (1975)
- Limitations
- Secondary aggregator transcribing primary sources (BOEM wreck list, MVUS registry, Seattle Times) - the underlying documents were not directly reviewed; wreck position approx. 59 35 N 151 52 W is the wreck-list's plotted value, not a surveyed position. Barge-name spellings vary across sources (Kevalaska, Kevalaksa, Keualaska, Kivalaska). No asbestos content - a sinking is not a hazmat record.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cameron-lst928-07
-
[9]Consolidated era inference - Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels Vol. 2 (Jan 1945) LST design table (shipscribe.com scan) + NavSource specifications for this hull [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2 LST design table; NavSource 10/16/160928.htm propulsion specifications
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference for a diesel-powered LST-542-group hull: BuShips' official 1945 design table gives the class plant - two GM 12-567A diesels, 1,700 shp, 11.6 kt, no boilers - matching NavSource's specifications for this hull. With no steam plant, the boiler/turbine-lagging pathway does not apply; era-standard asbestos-relevant applications aboard a diesel amphibious ship of 1944 were diesel exhaust lagging, engine-room thermal/acoustic insulation, gaskets and valve packing, deck coverings, accommodation/bulkhead insulation, and winch brake linings. The 1945 APB self-propelled-barracks-ship conversion added interior berthing scope consistent with additional insulation work.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1944-1960
- Population
- Bethlehem-Hingham construction trades (1944); crew and embarked troops (1944-46); APB conversion-yard workers (1945, yard undocumented); reserve-fleet caretakers (1946-59); barge-conversion and shipbreaking trades (1959-60)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, or APB conversion work package located. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials. No quantity. No manufacturer attribution for this hull. Does not establish exposure for any individual.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cameron-lst928-08
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text HTTP 403 to automated fetch)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1944), commissioned service (1944-46), reserve-fleet layup (1946-59), and Navy-owned life. Standing policy removed asbestos insulation only when damaged or required for repairs (1975), modified in 1979 to selective replacement in high-maintenance areas.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation, not class- or hull-specific. gao.gov blocks automated fetches of the full text (HTTP 403 for the assets PDF, confirmed 2026-10-03); content via product-page description consistent with prior batch verification. Does not establish any fact aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cameron-lst928-09
-
[11]Designation-date cross-check: NavSource (APB-50 naming 1 July 1945); NavalCoverMuseum designation table (August 1945 reclassify+name; 1 July 1955 reversion to LST); navalmarinearchive yard table ('Cameron (APB 50) 1944'); NHHC UA 571.55 (1945 artifact titled 'USS Cameron (APB-50)'); Wikipedia USS LST-928 article (rename/reclassify '1 July 1955') [other_primary]
- Locator
- Cross-source comparison, this record's search_ledger rows sl-uss-cameron-lst928-02, -05, -06
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTION: Wikipedia's USS LST-928 article asserts the ship was reclassified APB-50 and renamed Cameron on 1 July 1955. The documented sequence is different: NavSource gives reclassification and naming on 1 July 1945; NavalCoverMuseum gives August 1945; the NHHC photograph catalog titles a 1945-dated artifact 'USS Cameron (APB-50)'; and NavalCoverMuseum separately records her REVERTING to tank-landing-ship designation (Cameron, LST-928) on 1 July 1955 while in reserve - the date Wikipedia apparently conflated with the naming. The 1945 naming sequence is carried; exact-day within 1945 unresolved (1 July vs August).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 1945-1955 (designation window)
- Limitations
- Corrects a circulating designation-date error; the correction itself rests on secondary compilations corroborated by one NHHC catalog title - the primary source would be the Naval Register / BuShips records, not directly retrieved (NVR online excludes pre-1987 disposals; NARA ship history files are an open lead). No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cameron-lst928-10
-
[12]Batch-7471 search ledger (this record): DANFS LST-928; NavSource 10/16/160928; NHHC UA 571.55 catalog; USNA MS 415 finding aid; NavalCoverMuseum CAMERON APB-50; shipbuildinghistory Bethlehem-Hingham table; alaskashipwreck/BOEM + Port of Alaska folio; GAO product page; CourtListener (blocked - daily quota); secondary web litigation sweeps [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-cameron-lst928-01 through -11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming LST-928 / USS Cameron / APB-50 was found in the public sources searched. CAVEAT: CourtListener could not be queried this session - the authenticated fleet helper reported the shared daily quota spent with a server-directed ~7.7-hour wait (exit 2); logged as blocked in search_ledger, not as a negative result. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case; the only litigation-adjacent hit was Stevens v. Pacific Inland Navigation Co. (D. Or. 1963), an unseaworthiness case involving the post-Navy owner's Columbia River barge fleet - a different barge and no asbestos claim (name collision, not a qualifying record). No law-firm marketing content naming this hull surfaced.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-03
- Study period
- 2026-10-03
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - and the litigation repository search is a genuine open gap (throttled, not run). The USNA action report, NARA deck logs (RG 24), and any reserve-fleet or barge-conversion records are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cameron-lst928-11