Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
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[1]DANFS, Candid (AM-154) (verbatim NHHC text via Wayback capture of history.navy.mil/danfs/c2/candid.htm, 2004-03-15 - all live NHHC URL variants return 404, standing batch-01 defect) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry 'Candid' (AM-154), specifications block + service narrative (Wayback capture 2004-03-15)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for the hull this designation became: 'Candid (AM-154) was launched 14 October 1942 by Willamette Iron and Steel Corp., Portland, Oreg.; and commissioned 31 October 1943, Lieutenant E. G. Bemis, USNR, in command.' Spec block: dp. 945; l. 184'6"; b. 33'; dr. 9'9"; s. 14 k.; cpl. 104; a. 1 3"; cl. Admirable. Service: sailed from San Francisco 28 February 1944 for Alaskan duty (convoy escort, patrols, minesweeping to fog-bound Aleutian ports; backed naval attacks on the Kuriles); returned to San Francisco 18 August 1944, then Marshall Islands and Marianas local escort during base consolidation; 16 April 1945 cleared for Seattle and an overhaul, then Cold Bay to train Russian seamen; decommissioned 16 August 1945 and transferred to the U.S.S.R. under lend-lease the next day; reclassified MSF-154 on 7 February 1955. The entire DANFS record runs under AM-154 - the AMc-131 designation appears nowhere in it, consistent with a pre-construction reclassification (see ev-02, ev-03).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1942-1955
- Population
- Willamette Iron and Steel construction trades 1942-43; wartime crew (design complement 104); Soviet trainees 1945 (Project Hula)
- Limitations
- DANFS documents the built hull's identity, builder, dates, and service history - not materials or asbestos content, and not the AMc-131 designation chain (which DANFS never mentions; unlike sibling entries such as Adopt, this entry prints no 'originally projected as AMc-131' line). DANFS prints no laid-down date (27 April 1942 rests on NAVSHIPS 250-011 and NavSource) and gives no Soviet designation. Live NHHC page 404s on all URL variants tried (standing batch-01 defect); the archived NHHC text is cited rather than the hazegray transcription, which carries a transcriber typo ('1946' decommissioning year) and a transcriber's 'T-594' note conflicting with the official Project Hula appendix (T-283).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-candid-amc131-01
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[2]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. II: Mine Vessels (less DM and CM), Patrol Vessels, Landing Ships and Craft, NAVSHIPS 250-011, 13 April 1945 (GPO 1945; scan via shipscribe.com) - AM154 CANDID register rows + AMc-to-AM conversion line + AM136-165 class block [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAVSHIPS 250-011 - name index ('AM154 CANDID'), builder/date table ('27 Apr 42 | 14 Oct 42 | 31 Oct 43 | CANDD | AM154'), propulsion/generator tables, AM136-165 class characteristics block, and the coastal-minesweeper index line 'AMc113-142 Now AM 136-165'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official 1945 BuShips register, two relevant entries re-verified verbatim this session: (a) the mine-sweeper builder/date table names CANDID, official number AM154 - builder Willamette Iron & Steel Corp., Portland, Ore.; keel laid 27 Apr 42; launched 14 Oct 42; date of first commission 31 Oct 43; propulsion table prints 'Alco 539', shaft horsepower 1,710, 'F.B.' (Farrel-Birmingham) single reduction gear; three ship's-service generators (450 V A.C. / 120 V D.C.); AM136-165 class block: 2 propellers, geared diesel drive, 184'6" o.a., 33'0" beam, 945 t. full load, 14.8 kt trial, accommodations 11 officers + 93 enlisted, 1 x 3"/50 D.P. + 2 twin 40mm. (b) The register's coastal-minesweeper conversion line reads 'AMc113-142 Now AM 136-165' - the official BuShips documentation that the AMc-113-through-AMc-142 contract block (which includes AMc-131) was redesignated into the AM-136-through-AM-165 fleet-minesweeper series. AMc-131 -> AM-154 falls inside this printed block (AMc-113 + 18 = AMc-131; AM-136 + 18 = AM-154).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1942-1945 (register data as of 13 April 1945)
- Population
- Willamette Iron & Steel construction trades 1942-43; wartime crew
- Limitations
- Contemporaneous official register - the strongest located documentation of both this hull's construction data and the AMc->AM block reclassification. The conversion line documents the block as a whole; it does not print a per-hull reclassification date (21 February 1942 rests on NavSource, ev-03) and does not spell out 'AMc-131' individually. Contains no materials or asbestos information. OCR noise in the scanned tables ('CANDD', 'AM164' for CANDID's generator row, 'BUMBARD' for BOMBARD) does not affect the row's substance; the 1,710 figure is the class-table shaft-horsepower entry, not labeled per-engine or aggregate.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-candid-amc131-02
-
[3]NavSource Online: Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive, Candid (MSF 154) ex-AM-154 ex-AMc-131 (designation chronology, specifications, CO roster, photo log; fetched live from navsource.net this session - navsource.org unreachable from this host) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 11/02154 - designation chronology block, specifications block, CO roster, photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource per-hull record, headed 'Candid (MSF 154) ex-AM-154 ex-AMc-131': 'Admirable Class Minesweeper: Originally planned as a Coastal Minesweeper, Candid (AMc 131); Reclassified as a Minesweeper, AM-154, 21 February 1942; Laid down 27 April 1942 by the Willamette Iron and Steel Corp., Portland, OR; Launched 14 October 1942; Commissioned USS Candid (AM 154), 31 October 1943; Decommissioned 16 August 1945 at Cold Bay, AK; Transferred to the Soviet Union 17 August 1945 and reclassified T-283; Assigned to the Pacific Fleet 3 September 1945; Reclassified as a Hydrographic Vessel 28 June 1947 and named Horizon; Reclassified as a Fleet Minesweeper (Steel Hull), MSF-154, 7 February 1955; Scrapped 11 March 1958; Struck from the Naval Register 1 January 1983.' Spec block: 650 t.; 184'6"; 33'; 9'9"; 14.8 kts; complement 104; one 3"/50 DP, two twin 40mm, hedgehog, two depth-charge tracks; 'Two 1,710shp ALCO 539 diesel engines, Farrel-Birmingham single reduction gear, two shafts.' CO roster: LCDR Edwin George Bemis, USNR (31 Oct 1943 - 1 Aug 1944); LT Charles Bradford Hinton, USNR (1 Aug 1944 - 16 Aug 1945). Photo credits: U.S. Navy photos 754-44/757-44/758-44 (San Francisco, 1 Feb 1944); NARA 19-LCM-AM154-2/-3 (c. June 1944, camouflage 32/21D); U.S. Navy and Marine Corps Museum/Naval Aviation Museum photo 1996.438.045.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1942-1983 (compiled)
- Population
- Construction trades 1942-43; U.S. crew 1943-45; Soviet crew 1945-1958
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled archival page - the sole located source for the exact 21 February 1942 per-hull reclassification date and for Soviet-service particulars (Pacific Fleet assignment, 1947 hydrographic conversion as Horizon, 11 Mar 1958 scrapping, 1983 U.S. striking). Consistent with official sources where they overlap (NAVSHIPS block conversion line; Russell's T-283 and 1958-stricken); the remaining details are uncorroborated by an official source. Its 650 t. figure conflicts with DANFS/NAVSHIPS 945 t. - a load-state variance carried in gaps. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-candid-amc131-03
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[4]Atlas canonical record uss-candid-am154.atlas.json (branch batch-1178/uss-candid-am154, Tier 2) + designation-chain rows ev-01/ev-02/ev-03 of this record [other_primary]
- Locator
- uss-candid-am154.atlas.json (canonical); this record's evidence rows ev-01, ev-02, ev-03
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- All-tier consolidation: AMc-131 and AM-154 are one contract hull, not two vessels. The batch listing 'USS Candid (AMC-131)' resolves to the canonical record uss-candid-am154 (Tier 2), which carries the full service history (commissioned 31 October 1943; Aleutian/Marshall/Marianas service; decommissioned 16 August 1945 at Cold Bay and transferred to the USSR under Project Hula as T-283; never returned), the NARA archival leads, and the era/type asbestos inference. This record exists so the former designation resolves to the canonical hull rather than reading as a second vessel. The designation never applied to a built or operating unit: the NAVSHIPS conversion line ('AMc113-142 Now AM 136-165') and NavSource's 21 February 1942 date both place the reclassification before the 27 April 1942 keel-laying, and every official record of the hull (DANFS, NAVSHIPS, Russell's Hula appendix) runs under AM-154.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1941-1943 (designation period)
- Limitations
- Internal consolidation statement - asserts only the one-hull identity, itself supported by the NAVSHIPS conversion line (ev-02), the NavSource chronology (ev-03), and DANFS's AM-154-only record (ev-01); the underlying evidence chain is the canonical record's and is not duplicated here. Not an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-candid-amc131-04
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[5]NARA, Special List 44 - Named Vessels (finding aid to Vessel and Station Log Books, RG 24) + NARA 'Researching Asbestos aboard US Naval Vessel up through 1961' guided-topic page (RG 19 series map) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Special List 44 named-vessels table, 'Candid (AM-54)' row (10/31/1943-8/16/1945); archives.gov asbestos guided topic, 'General Information Books' (RG 19 Entry P 11) and 'Ship Engineering Drawings' (S103/S39/S48) sections
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Federal archival records for this hull are indexed under the AM designation, not AMc: NARA Special List 44 (fetched live this session) indexes a logbook volume as 'Candid (AM-54)' with coverage 10/31/1943 - 8/16/1945 - a date window matching this hull's commission (31 Oct 1943) through decommissioning (16 Aug 1945) exactly, so '(AM-54)' is a dropped-digit finding-aid typo for AM-154 (no AM-54 named Candid exists). NARA's asbestos guided-topic page maps the series that would hold hull-level material documentation for this minesweeper: RG 19 Entry P 11, Minesweeper and Minelayer General Information Books [Item S-68], 1940-1962, and the hull-number-arranged Ship Engineering Drawings ('Hull Series') - the frequently reviewed S Codes include S103 (Booklets of General Plans), S39 (Insulation and Lagging), and S48 (Piping); S39/S48 drawings are relatively rare in the paper series and researchers are directed to the microfilm series. No index entry exists under 'AMc-131' - any researcher tracing this hull must search as AM-154 (and, for SL44, the mistyped 'AM-54').
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1943-1945 (logbook coverage); guide current as of 2026-09-22
- Population
- USN complement aboard the built hull, 1943-1945
- Limitations
- Archival lead only - documents which series exist and under which hull numbers, not that hull-specific material survives in them; no logbook, drawing, or GIB was retrieved or confirmed for this hull. Deck logs are operational records, not materials documentation. The SL44 '(AM-54)' string is a finding-aid typo inference from the exact date-window match, not a confirmed mapping.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-candid-amc131-05
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[6]CourtListener API v4 (authenticated) - designation-string and vessel-name sweeps blocked across two sessions (batch-1178 and this batch-1477 session, both HTTP 429 on the shared 2,800/day key); web-index spot checks in lieu [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-candid-amc131-07 through sl-uss-candid-amc131-09; canonical record ev-uss-candid-am154-07 and its sl-07
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying asbestos litigation naming this hull under any designation was located in the public sources searched. The CourtListener authenticated opinion/docket sweep could not be completed: batch-1178's session (2026-09-22) met HTTP 429 throughout, and this batch-1477 session's designation-string queries ('AMc-131', 'AMC-131', 'AMC 131', 'USS Candid', 'AM-154', 'MSF-154', 'T-283') met HTTP 429 on first request ('Rate limit exceeded: 2800/day. Expected available in 10565 seconds') - not retried into a ban per batch rules. Web-index spot checks in both sessions surfaced only name collisions and law-firm marketing listicles that name the vessel without evidence (mesothelioma.com, mesotheliomahope.com, mesotheliomaveterans.org, lungcancergroup.com generic minesweeper pages) - excluded as non-authoritative per source rules.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 2026-09-22
- Limitations
- Negative finding from incomplete coverage, not a clean negative: the CourtListener sweep remains unrun under every designation string in both sessions (shared-key throttle), so a differently-phrased hull reference could exist. Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull was built 1942-43 at a yard later documented as an asbestos-litigation site (post-war windows), and its entire post-1945 life was in Soviet hands, a Western-documentation blind spot. Establishes only that no qualifying case was located; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-candid-amc131-06
-
[7]DANFS AM-154 entry (vessel type, builder, 1942-43 construction window) + NAVSHIPS 250-011 propulsion data (geared diesel plant) - physical-hull assessment maintained at uss-candid-am154 [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS AM-154 entry (construction record); NAVSHIPS 250-011 AM136-165 class block (geared diesel); canonical row ev-uss-candid-am154-06 (GAO era context)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/type inference for the physical hull - built as AM-154, a steel Admirable-class fleet minesweeper at Willamette Iron and Steel Corp., Portland, 1942-43, during the period when asbestos use in U.S. wartime shipbuilding was extensive - plausibly carried period-standard asbestos-containing materials in applications typical for the type: diesel exhaust-system and muffler lagging, machinery gaskets and packing, electrical-cable insulation, fireproofing, accommodation insulation, and deck covering. Because the plant was geared diesel (two ALCO 539 engines through a Farrel-Birmingham reduction gear - no boilers or steam lines per the official NAVSHIPS class block), the dominant WWII asbestos pathway aboard steam vessels - boiler and steam-line lagging - did not exist on this hull. This inference applies identically here because AMc-131 is the same hull's pre-construction designation.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1942-1958
- Population
- Willamette Iron & Steel trades (1942-43); U.S. crew 1943-45; Soviet Navy crew 1945-1958
- Limitations
- Inference from era, builder, and vessel type only - no ship-specific document names any asbestos product aboard this hull under any designation; no material schedule located (NARA RG 19 series, ev-05, are the lead). Applies to the built hull AM-154; the AMc-131 designation itself carried no ship and so has no asbestos history of its own. The diesel (non-steam) plant makes even era-level inference weaker than for steam vessels of the same era. Soviet-service maintenance and the USSR scrapping process are undocumented in located sources. Establishes no asbestos content, quantity, location, condition, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-candid-amc131-07
-
[8]Atlas shipyard dataset record 'willamette-iron-steel' (shipyards.json): Willamette Iron & Steel Corporation, Portland, OR (alias 'WISCO'), WWII peak employment 12,000, evidence_tier 3 on a single disputed-ID litigation row - plus Albina Engine & Machine v. Director, OWCP, 627 F.3d 1293 (9th Cir. 2010), No. 09-70592 (published appellate opinion; verified via vLex, same-day canonical-record verification) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipyards.json record 'willamette-iron-steel' (yard_id, evidence row ev-willamette-01, products_documented); Albina Engine opinion text, 627 F.3d 1293 at 1296-1297
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Builder-yard litigation context (yard-level, not a hull record): (a) The Atlas shipyards dataset carries Willamette Iron & Steel Corporation - the contract holder for the AMc-131 order and builder of the hull as AM-154 - at evidence_tier 3 on its sole evidence row, Lineaweaver v. Plant Insulation Co., 31 Cal. App. 4th 1409 (1995): Pabco (Fibreboard) used as fill-in insulation on ships at 'Willamette Shipyard' in the 1960s-1970s; the dataset itself marks the yard identification 'disputed' (the opinion names no corporate name or state). (b) Albina Engine & Machine records a stipulated mesothelioma death of shipyard carpenter James McAllister; the opinion notes 'WISCO admitted that Decedent was exposed to asbestos in its employ' - but McAllister's WISCO employment window was 1956, and the Ninth Circuit resolved only an LHWCA last-employer allocation (Lockheed held liable).
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1942-43 construction window not covered; documented windows 1956 and 1966-1970s
- Population
- Willamette Iron & Steel shipyard workers (1956 and 1960s-70s documented windows)
- Limitations
- Yard-level context only - neither source names this hull or documents the yard's 1942-43 construction window: the Lineaweaver window is 1960s-70s and its yard identification is disputed in the dataset itself; the Albina window is 1956. Asbestos products documented at the yard in any window do not establish installation aboard this hull. Exposure at WISCO in Albina was stipulated/admitted, not tried; the merits resolved an employer-liability allocation, not vessel conditions (litigation-stage discipline: carried at context level, nothing read upward).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-candid-amc131-08