Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
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[1]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and emergency Maritime Commission program under which this T2-SE-A2 hull was built at Marinship (1944-45) - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization aboard merchant-type hulls.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-caney-ao95-01
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[2]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships (DANFS), USS Caney (AO-95) entry - text transcribed at NavSource and HistoryCentral; canonical NHHC page 404'd at fetch (link rot, cf. BATCH-01 standing defect) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- NavSource AO-95 page, 'USS Caney (AO-95) Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships (DANFS)' section; HistoryCentral Caney AO-95 transcription (historycentral.com/navy/oiler/Caney.html)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS records: Caney (AO-95) was launched 8 October 1944 by Marinship Corp., Sausalito, Calif., under a Maritime Commission contract; sponsored by Mrs. J. L. Simpson; acquired by the Navy 25 March 1945 and commissioned the same day, Commander R. S. Hanson, USNR, in command. She sailed from San Pedro 12 May 1945 for Ulithi, fueling ships on radar picket and patrol duty at Okinawa; from 3 July through war's end she steamed with the logistic group supporting TF 38 in bombardments and air strikes on the Japanese home islands; served off Okinawa on occupation duty until 16 November, then sailed for San Francisco and Galveston; decommissioned 27 February 1946 at Beaumont, Texas and delivered to the War Shipping Administration the same day. Reacquired by the Navy in February 1948; transferred to MSTS 18 July 1950, serving in noncommissioned status with a civilian crew. Caney received two battle stars for World War II service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1944-1959
- Population
- USS Caney crew, 1945-46 (complement ~267); civilian MSTS crew, 1950-59
- Limitations
- Service-history narrative only - DANFS contains no asbestos, insulation, or materials statement and does not address exposure. Cited via transcription mirrors because the canonical NHHC page returned 404 on 2026-09-24; text verified identical across NavSource and HistoryCentral transcriptions.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-caney-ao95-02
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[3]U.S. Maritime Administration, Vessel History Database - CANEY (AO-95), Ship History Detail 673, incl. digitized status card and three attached government documents [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- ShipHistory Detail 673: characteristics block, milestones, status-card scans (673_AF.jpg et al.), documents Caney_673_001.pdf (USCG report), Caney_673_002.pdf (1947 pollution letters), Caney_673 custody card scan
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- MARAD record for this hull: year built 1945, Marinship Corporation, MARAD type T2-SE-A2, Naval Auxiliary AO oiler, 523.5 ft x 68 ft, displacement 23,380 t full / 5,782 t light, fate 'Sold - Scrap'; missions World War II and Korean War. Custody card (document scans in record) shows: NDRF lay-up Beaumont, TX under U.S. Maritime Commission; delivered to American Republics Line under general agency agreement 1947-10-21; title to U.S. Navy Department 1948-02-21 (New Orleans); U.S. Navy to NDRF Beaumont 1959-05-21; NDRF to Department of the Army March 1966. Attached primary documents include a USCG investigating officer's report (16 Dec 1948) on alleged commingling of Navy fuel and jet fuel delivered by USNT Caney at Farge, Germany 22-23 Aug 1948 (vessel then operated by Marine Transport Lines, Inc. for the Navy), and November 1947 USCG/Army Corps correspondence closing an Oil Pollution Act of 1924 incident at the Texas Company Terminal Dock No. 2, Port Arthur, TX, 7 Nov 1947.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1945-1974
- Limitations
- Authoritative for government-custody milestones and the attached administrative documents; none of the attached records contains asbestos, materials, or condition-survey information. Status-card OCR is partially legible - dates read from scans should be re-verified against card images before republication.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-caney-ao95-03
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[4]NavSource Online, USS Caney (AO-95) Service Ship Photo Archive entry (compiled from NVR/MARAD-derived data); corroborated by New Zealand government VietnamWar.govt.nz photo record of generator ships at Vung Tau naming Caney as the ex-oiler floating power station [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource AO-95 entry, postwar disposition lines; vietnamwar.govt.nz photo 'Generator ships, Vung Tau' (page returned 403 to automated fetch 2026-09-24; content verified via search-indexed text)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Post-Navy disposition: acquired by the U.S. Army 6 March 1966 and converted to a floating power station for Vietnam service at Bender Shipbuilding and Repair Co., Mobile, AL; permanent title transfer to the U.S. Army 9 September 1974; sold for scrapping 9 September 1974 at Vung Tau, South Vietnam to China Dismantled Vessel Trading Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan, under disposal contract PD-X-983 dated 15 August 1974 for $726,567. NZ government photo record confirms Caney was one of the generator ships supplying power to Vung Tau.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1966-1974
- Population
- U.S. Army power-station crews, Vung Tau (1966-1974); Bender Shipbuilding conversion trades (1966)
- Limitations
- NavSource is a secondary compilation - dates are consistent with the MARAD record (fate 'Sold - Scrap', custody transfer to Army March 1966) and with the NZ government photo record; sale contract detail (PD-X-983, $726,567, buyer) rests on the NavSource transcription of MARAD/NVR-derived data and was not independently verified against the contract document. Conversion scope at Bender Shipbuilding is undocumented - whether it disturbed original insulation is unknown. No asbestos content in any cited source.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-caney-ao95-04
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[5]NARA RG 357 (Records of the Maritime Administration, 1939-1990), series 'Ship Construction and Engineering Drawings ca. 1950 - ca. 1962,' file unit 'T2-SE-A2 (Allowance List) S1-3-1 to S48-1-31,' catalog.archives.gov/id/118786281 - AO-95 USS Caney Capacity Plan drawings 146 & 147 dated 1944-12-28, Marinship Corporation (mirrored at Internet Archive item ao95cp1944) [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov/id/118786281 (objectPages 146-147); archive.org/details/ao95cp1944
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A ship-specific primary drawing set exists for this hull: the Booklet of General Plans capacity plan for AO-95 (Marinship yard hull 54 / MC hull 1830), two sheets dated 28 December 1944, held in NARA RG 357's T2-SE-A2 allowance-list file unit and mirrored online. The file unit spans T2-SE-A2 allowance-list drawings S1-3-1 through S48-1-31 - a broader Marinship drawing set that may include piping and insulation schedules relevant to materials questions.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1944 drawing; file unit ca. 1950-1962
- Limitations
- Lead only - the two capacity-plan sheets show tank arrangements and capacities, not insulation material schedules; no asbestos statement was located in the mirrored sheets. The remaining drawings in the file unit are unexamined; whether any sheet itemizes insulation is unknown until pulled.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-caney-ao95-05
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[6]Marinship Corporation records, 1942-1945 (HDC0090 / SAFR 14318), San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park - OAC finding aid [other_primary]
- Locator
- OAC finding aid, collection scope note and 'Testing & Trial Data' series description (hulls 25-93 range)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The processed Marinship Corporation archive at SF Maritime NHP contains construction-era records organized by hull number - including bridge logs and builder's/official trial data for Marinship tanker hulls 25-93 and shipyard inspector's test reports - a range that includes this hull (Marinship yard no. 54). These are builder-side construction and trial records from the yard that built the ship.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 1942-1945 records
- Population
- Marinship construction trades (Sausalito, 1944-45)
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; whether hull-54 files survive in the collection and whether they contain material/insulation specifications is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-caney-ao95-06
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[7]U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, NHPA Evaluation of Historic Resources - former Marinship Machine Shop, Sausalito, CA (2008 remediation documentation) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NHPA evaluation PDF, Machine Shop section (finishes/materials discussion)
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- A VA National Historic Preservation Act evaluation documents that asbestos-containing material existed at the former Marinship site: a yellow asbestos cement tile facade added postwar by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to the wartime Machine Shop was removed as hazardous-materials remediation in spring 2008.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 2008 remediation; postwar installation
- Population
- Remediation contractors (2008); USACOE site personnel
- Limitations
- Yard-site context only - the documented ACM was a postwar USACOE addition to a yard building, not wartime shipbuilding material and not the hull. Establishes that the former Marinship site contained documented asbestos; says nothing about what was installed aboard hull 54 in 1944-45.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-caney-ao95-07
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[8]Batch-1943 search ledger (this record): DANFS via transcription mirrors; MARAD ShipHistory Detail 673 + status card + attached documents; NavSource; HyperWar USN stat compilations and GSBO Appendix D; NARA RG 357 via archive.org; OAC/SF Maritime NHP Marinship finding aid; VA NHPA evaluation; NVR; CourtListener API v4 opinion and RECAP docket searches [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-caney-ao95-01 through sl-uss-caney-ao95-13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or condition report naming this hull was found in the public sources searched, and no docketed case naming Caney / AO-95 / T-AO-95 / Mission Los Angeles (MC 1830) was located in CourtListener opinion or RECAP docket searches (all hits were name collisions - see search_ledger).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-24
- Study period
- 2026-09-24
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a WWII-era steam-powered oiler is era-consistent with asbestos-containing insulation. The hull was scrapped in Taiwan in 1974, so no present-day survey is possible. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-caney-ao95-08