Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
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[1]CourtListener opinion search: 'USS Canonicus' [court_record]
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener opinion search 'USS Canonicus' returned 0 results (2026-10-07)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Limitations
- zero-hit search; absence of hits is not proof of no litigation
- Evidence ID
- uss-canonicus-acm12-cl-name-opinion
-
[2]CourtListener docket search: 'USS Canonicus' [court_record]
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener docket search 'USS Canonicus' returned 3 result(s) (2026-10-07); individual records not reviewed
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Limitations
- hit count only — underlying dockets/opinions not individually reviewed; name query may match same-named vessels
- Evidence ID
- uss-canonicus-acm12-cl-name-docket
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[3]CourtListener opinion search: 'ACM-12' [court_record]
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener opinion search 'ACM-12' returned 7995 result(s) (2026-10-07); individual records not reviewed
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- hit count only — underlying dockets/opinions not individually reviewed
- Evidence ID
- uss-canonicus-acm12-cl-hull-opinion
-
[4]CourtListener docket search: 'ACM-12' [court_record]
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener docket search 'ACM-12' returned 26121 result(s) (2026-10-07); individual records not reviewed
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- hit count only — underlying dockets/opinions not individually reviewed
- Evidence ID
- uss-canonicus-acm12-cl-hull-docket
-
[5]ShipScribe (S. S. Roberts), CAMANCHE (ACM 11, Army MP Design 201) class page - class machinery data (2 boilers 210psi/491deg; Skinner Unaflow 3-cyl reciprocating, 2 screws) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Class data block, Machinery/Propulsion lines
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- The hull was built in 1942 to Army Design 201 with a steam plant - two boilers (210 psi, 491 deg F superheat) feeding Skinner Unaflow three-cylinder reciprocating steam engines on two shafts. Steam plants of this era and specification were insulated with asbestos-containing boiler insulation, pipe lagging, gaskets, and packing as standard wartime construction practice.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1941-1942 (construction); service to 1963 steam-plant removal
- Population
- Marietta Manufacturing construction trades (1941-42); Army Mine Planter Service crews (1942-49); Navy crew, Balboa CZ (1949-55); later commercial crews
- Limitations
- Design/era inference, not a hull record - ShipScribe documents the machinery but does not state asbestos content, and no materials survey or specification for this hull was located. Does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-canonicus-acm12-01
-
[6]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and program under which this Army Design 201 mine planter was mass-produced at an inland river yard - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization aboard hulls of this period.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-canonicus-acm12-02
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[7]DANFS, Canonicus entry (IV): 'ACM-12 (q.v.) was assigned the name Canonicus on 1 May 1955' - namesake: chief of the Narragansett Indians (verbatim transcription; live NHHC page not located) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS mine warfare series, acm12.htm (hazegray transcription)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS establishes the namesake (Narragansett chief Canonicus) and that hull ACM-12 was assigned the name Canonicus effective 1 May 1955. The name entry cross-references a separate DANFS hull-number entry ('q.v.') that was not located in the online DANFS transcriptions searched.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1955
- Limitations
- Name-assignment record only; contains no service narrative, no asbestos or materials information. The '(q.v.)' hull-number entry for ACM-12 is not in the transcribed set (hazegray mine-warfare series noted incomplete by its editor); live NHHC URL for this hull not located (404).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-canonicus-acm12-03
-
[8]ShipScribe (Stephen S. Roberts), CAMANCHE (ACM 11) class page - construction/disposition tables, class notes (SECNAV notice 1949-11-23), ship note for ACM-12 (compiled from official Navy vessel-status records) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Construction table, disposition table, class notes, ship note row 12
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Career spine: ex-USAMP MG Erasmus Weaver (MP-10, delivered ca. Nov 1942, Marietta yard hull 483, keel 1941, launched 7 Sep 1942). Under the SECNAV notice of 23 Nov 1949 transferring controlled mining from Army to Navy, ACM-12 was accepted and placed in commission 20 Dec 1949 as USS ACM-12 at Balboa, Canal Zone. Commenced inactivation 28 Mar 1955; arrived Philadelphia 13 Apr 1955; in commission in reserve 2 May 1955; reclassified MMA-12 7 Feb 1955; named Canonicus effective 1 May 1955; out of commission in reserve 30 Jun 1955; stricken 1 Jul 1960; Navy sale 30 Jan 1961; yacht Ocean Star 1963 (converted to diesel), then Kipman, Zodiac, Golden Crest; Sandy Hook pilot boat New Jersey (Pilot No. 2) from 1969; broken up 1993.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1941-1993
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation explicitly drawn from official Navy records (Ships' Data/NVR lineage); individual data points not independently verified against the underlying registers. Contains no asbestos or materials information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-canonicus-acm12-04
-
[9]NavSource Online, Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive - Canonicus (MMA 12) ex-ACM-12 ex-USAMP Major General Erasmus Weaver (MP 10) page (data block, officer-in-charge list 1950-1953, name/disposition chain) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource page 11/0112.htm via Wayback capture 2025-01-21 (live navsource.org fetch failed 2026-09-19)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Corroborates: built by Marietta Manufacturing Co., Point Pleasant WV; launched 7 September 1942; acquired by the Navy 20 December 1949 and reclassified ACM-12; reclassified MMA-12 7 February 1955; renamed Canonicus 1 May 1955; stricken from the Naval Register 1 July 1960; sold 1961 and renamed Ocean Star, then Kipman, Zodiac, Golden Crest (traveling office for Gen. R. W. Johnson, Johnson & Johnson); NY-NJ pilot boat New Jersey (Pilot No. 2) from 1969; scrapped 1993. Officers-in-charge listed for 1950-1953 (LT Dennison, LT Orr, LT Patras), consistent with the documented Balboa/Canal Zone service period.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1942-1993
- Limitations
- Volunteer-maintained archival compilation - secondary source. Contains an internal inconsistency ('laid down in 1943' vs. its own 7 Sep 1942 launch date; keel 1941 is the consistent figure across ShipScribe and Navypedia) and conflicts with ShipScribe on commission status ('never placed in commission' vs. in commission 20 Dec 1949) - see correction row. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-canonicus-acm12-05
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[10]Source-conflict resolution across ShipScribe (official-records compilation), NavSource, Navypedia, shipbuildinghistory.com, Wikipedia [other_primary]
- Locator
- ShipScribe ship note + construction table; NavSource data block; navypedia.org/ships/usa/us_ml_army_amc.htm; shipbuildinghistory.com/smallships/armyminecraft.htm; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Canonicus_(ACM-12)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Three secondary-source errors/conflicts documented: (a) Commission status - NavSource and Wikipedia state 'never placed in commission'; ShipScribe records her placed in commission 20 Dec 1949 as USS ACM-12 at Balboa and out of commission in reserve 30 Jun 1955, and lists only ACM-11/14/15/16 as never commissioned. This record follows ShipScribe. (b) Transfer year - Wikipedia and shipbuildinghistory.com say 'to USN 1944'; the hull-number approvals for the Camanche class trace to the 23 Nov 1949 SECNAV notice and acquisition was 20 Dec 1949 - the 1944 figure conflates this hull with the wartime ACM-1 through ACM-9 transfer group. (c) Laid-down date - NavSource's 'laid down in 1943' is internally inconsistent with its own 7 Sep 1942 launch date; keel 1941 is corroborated by ShipScribe and Navypedia (yard hull 483).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1941-1955 (events); 2000s-2020s (secondary publications)
- Limitations
- Correction of secondary-source discrepancies; the underlying official registers (NVR/ Ships' Data entries for ACM-12) were not directly inspected - the conflict is disclosed, not adjudicated at primary-source level. If NavSource is correct on commission status, the 'USS' prefix is a courtesy only; the record notes both readings.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-canonicus-acm12-06
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[11]East Carolina University, J.Y. Joiner Library - Marietta Manufacturing Company Records, collection 0742 (engineering drawings, blueprints, photographs, correspondence, contracts, reports, personnel files, production files, 1899-2006); NARA RG 24 deck logs (unconfirmed) [other_primary]
- Locator
- ECU Digital Collections finding aid 0742; catalog.archives.gov (query not conclusive)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The builder's surviving records at ECU (collection 0742) cover the MP-1 through MP-16 production era at Point Pleasant and are the most likely surviving source of build-materials detail for this hull. NARA RG 24 deck logs for USS ACM-12 (Dec 1949 - mid-1955) would document the Canal Zone service period; digitized holdings not confirmed (NARA catalog search is JS-rendered and could not be conclusively queried).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1941-1955 (records coverage)
- Limitations
- Unretrieved archival leads - neither holding was searched at item level; the ECU collection's coverage of MP-10 specifically is probable but unverified, and no asbestos statement should be presumed from it.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-canonicus-acm12-07
-
[12]e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia, 'Marietta Manufacturing Company' entry (yard history, Point Pleasant, 1916-1970) [reputable_press]
- Locator
- e-WV entry 'Marietta Manufacturing Company'
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The Marietta Manufacturing Company operated as a major shipbuilder and employer at Point Pleasant, WV from 1916 until bankruptcy and closure in February 1970, building river craft including the WWII Army mine planters; the site later reopened as Point Pleasant Marine (1972-1984). Establishes the builder-yard context for this hull's 1941-42 construction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 1916-1984
- Population
- Marietta Manufacturing workforce (context)
- Limitations
- Yard-level history, not a hull record; contains no asbestos or materials statement for this vessel. Law-firm and marketing pages describing Marietta Manufacturing as an asbestos jobsite were located but are not admissible evidence sources under batch rules and were not used.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-canonicus-acm12-08
-
[13]Batch-430 search ledger (this record): DANFS name entry; NavSource/ShipScribe/Navypedia/shipbuildinghistory compilations; NVR ship-detail lookup; MARAD ShipHistory public search; CourtListener (API + web UI + index-level search); NARA catalog; e-WV/ECU [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-canonicus-acm12-01 through sl-uss-canonicus-acm12-09
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat/disposal disclosure, or docketed case naming ACM-12/MMA-12/Canonicus was found in the public sources searched. CourtListener full-text search could not be executed - API returned HTTP 429 (125/day cap) and web UI returned 403; index-level search by vessel name and hull number surfaced no qualifying case. NVR carries no record (disposed before the 1987 NVR cutoff). MARAD ShipHistory holds no entry (hull never entered MARAD custody; Navy direct sale 1961).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-19
- Study period
- 2026-09-19
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - the hull's 1942 steam plant was era-typical for asbestos insulation, and the 1963 diesel conversion's material disposition is undocumented. The CourtListener block means docket-level references cannot be excluded; a retry is warranted when the rate limit clears. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-canonicus-acm12-09