Evidence
7 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-7).
-
[1]research packet 764-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-cavallaro-de712-pkt-764-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, Cavallaro (APD-128) (namesake biography, construction/reclassification, service narrative through 1959 ROK transfer; verbatim transcription - live NHHC page serves 404; Wayback capture of the NHHC page concurs) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry, specifications block + namesake paragraph + full service narrative + bracketed disposition note
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: originally DE-712, reclassified APD-128 on 17 July 1944 and converted to a high-speed transport during construction; launched 15 June 1944 by Defoe Shipbuilding Co., Bay City, Mich., sponsored by Mrs. A. Cavallaro; commissioned 13 May 1945 as printed (LCDR E. P. Adams, USNR). Pearl Harbor training from 30 May 1945; convoy escort out of Ulithi to the Philippines and Okinawa from 13 June; Sasebo 20 September; carried men between Japanese ports; departed Tokyo Bay 12 October for San Francisco; decommissioned in reserve at San Diego 17 May 1946. Recommissioned 4 September 1953; Japan 12 March 1954; primary control ship in amphibious exercises; UDT day/night reconnaissance missions; Haiphong and Saigon headquarters for Operation 'Passage to Freedom' refugee debarkation fall 1954; returned San Diego 23 November. Homeported Long Beach from March 1955; Far East cruise 12 January-4 October 1956 (Iwo Jima assault reenactment, Japan, Philippines, Hong Kong); final Orient cruise 10 February-23 May 1959; decommissioned and transferred to the Republic of Korea 15 October 1959, serving as Kyung-Nam (APD-81). Bracketed update: '[She is currently in mothballs at Chin Hae and scheduled to be sunk as a target in May 2002.]' Specs block: dp. 1,460; l. 306'; b. 36'10"; dr. 13'; s. 24 k.; cpl. 256; a. 1 5"; cl. Crosley. Namesake: Ens. Salvatore John Cavallaro, USNR (b. 6 September 1920, New York City; enlisted 6 January 1942; commissioned ensign 28 January 1943; Lyon AP-71; Sicily assault-boat wave guide 10 July 1943; KIA Salerno Gulf 9 September 1943 when his LCT was struck by shellfire; posthumous Navy Cross for Sicily).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-2003
- Population
- Defoe Shipbuilding construction trades 1944-45; wartime and postwar crew (cpl. 256 per DANFS); embarked UDT/Marine detachments 1953-59
- Limitations
- DANFS documents identity, builder, service history, and disposal - not materials or asbestos content. Live NHHC page returns 404 (documented link-rot pattern); verbatim ibiblio/HyperWar transcription cited, Wayback capture of the NHHC page concurs. The printed '13 May 1945' commissioning conflicts with NavSource's CO roster, the USS Slater deck-log record, hazegray, and Wikipedia, which read 13 March 1945 - conflict carried in gaps. Bracketed 'scheduled to be sunk as a target in May 2002' differs from NavSource's March/April 2003 sinking record - carried in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cavallaro-de712-01
-
[3]NavSource Online Amphibious Photo Archive, USS Cavallaro (APD-128) (construction designation, chronology, Mare Island repair period from official yard-photo captions, commanding officers, disposal, specifications) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource APD-128 page - chronology block, awards table, specifications block, commanding-officers table, photo captions (Mare Island trials 22 March 1955; Long Beach NSY circa 1959-60)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource record for this hull: laid down 28 March 1944 as Cavallaro (DE-712), a Rudderow-class destroyer escort, at Defoe Shipbuilding Co., Bay City, MI; launched 15 June 1944; redesignated Crosley-class high-speed transport APD-128, 17 July 1944; commissioned 13 March 1945, LCDR Edward P. Adams, USNR. WWII Asiatic-Pacific assignment TransDiv One Hundred Six, CAPT F. W. Schmidt, USN; occupation service in the Far East 18 September-12 October 1945; decommissioned 17 May 1946 at San Diego, Pacific Reserve Fleet San Diego Group; recommissioned 4 September 1953; undergoing repairs at Mare Island Naval Shipyard 6 January-28 March 1955, running trials off the yard 22 March 1955 (Mare Island NSY photo series 24922-3-55, 24924-3-55, 24926-3-55); photographed off Long Beach Naval Shipyard circa 1959-60. Decommissioned and transferred to South Korea 15 October 1959 at Long Beach, renamed ROKS Kyung-Nam (APD-81); struck from the U.S. Naval Register 15 November 1974; decommissioned by the Korean Navy 29 December 2000; sunk as a target March or April 2003. Specs: 1,630 t (lt) / 2,130 t (fl); 306' x 37' x 12'7"; 23.6 kt trial; complement 12 officers + 192 enlisted, troop accommodations 12 officers + 150 enlisted; propulsion two Babcock & Wilcox 'D' Express boilers (435 psi, 750 F), two GE turbines (turbo-electric drive), 12,000 shp, two shafts; armament one 5"/38, three twin 40mm, six single 20mm, two depth-charge tracks; four LCVP.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-2003
- Population
- Defoe construction trades 1944-45; Mare Island NSY workers Jan-Mar 1955; crew 1945-46 and 1953-59; embarked UDT/Marine detachments; ROK Navy crew 1959-2000
- Limitations
- Secondary compilation citing official records and NHHC/yard photo captions - not itself a primary document. The 13 March 1945 commissioning, the Mare Island availability dates, the 1974 strike, ROK decommissioning, and the March/April 2003 sinking rest on NavSource's compilation of official records and yard-photo captions; DANFS-derived texts print '13 May' - carried in gaps. Documents operations and machinery, not materials or asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cavallaro-de712-02
-
[4]Destroyer Escort Historical Museum (USS Slater) online collections: archive record R2020.8 (Cavallaro deck-log copy) and object records 2002.41.4 (whistle lever) / 2002.41.5 (clinometer) stripped from ex-ROKS Kyung-Nam at Chinhae 2003 [museum_official]
- Locator
- ussslater.pastperfectonline.com Archive record R2020.8; WebObject records 2002.41.4, 2002.41.5
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Museum archive records for this hull: DEHM holds a 470-page copy of Cavallaro's deck log 'from commissioning at New Orleans 13 March 1945 to decommissioning at San Diego 17 May 1946' (record R2020.8) - an independent dated record confirming the 13 March 1945 commissioning (vs. DANFS's printed '13 May') and placing the ceremony at New Orleans, consistent with the Defoe down-the-Mississippi delivery/commissioning route. DEHM object records 2002.41.4 and 2002.41.5 document a brass whistle pull lever and a brass double-gauge clinometer 'stripped from ROKS KYUNG-NAM prior to her being sunk as a target in 2003,' removed at the Republic of Korea Navy Base Chinhae in 2003 by CAPT Greg Krawczyk for the museum - physical fittings of this hull preserved, corroborating ROK-service continuity and the 2003 target sinking.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-2003
- Population
- Crew aboard Cavallaro 1945-46 (deck-log coverage); ROK Navy crew to 2000
- Limitations
- Museum catalog records, not reviewed page-by-page: the deck-log copy is available from the museum on request and was not retrieved in-session; artifact records document fittings removed for preservation in 2003, not hull materials generally. The pastperfectonline pages return HTTP 403 to automated fetch; record content verified via indexed search snippets. None of these records addresses asbestos or materials content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cavallaro-de712-03
-
[5]Bert C. Brennan, 'Fighting Ships from Bay City,' Inland Seas, July 1945 (republished by the National Museum of the Great Lakes) - contemporaneous account of the Defoe Shipbuilding DE/APD program [other_primary]
- Locator
- NMGL republication of the July 1945 Inland Seas article (Defoe yard description, DE/APD program paragraphs, delivery-route narrative)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Contemporaneous (July 1945) account of Cavallaro's builder during her construction: Defoe Shipbuilding, Bay City, employed ~4,000 and by mid-1945 had produced seventeen destroyer escorts plus 'auxiliary personnel destroyers (APD)' among ~135 wartime hulls; describes the Defoe DE/APD as powered by 'steam turbo-electric drive, oil fired express type boilers' with 5.6 miles of pipe and ~105 miles of single-conductor wire; documents the 'upside-down and roll-over' build method and the delivery route down the Mississippi to New Orleans 'where the ship is refitted, handed over to the Navy and commissioned' - the pattern the Slater deck-log record confirms Cavallaro followed (New Orleans, 13 March 1945).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1941-1945
- Population
- Defoe Shipbuilding workforce (~4,000 employees, 1941-45); civilian delivery crews (Booth)
- Limitations
- Program-level journalism contemporary with construction - documents the builder, machinery type, build method, and delivery/commissioning pattern, not materials; contains no asbestos statement. Defoe Shipbuilding is NOT in the Atlas shipyard dataset (37 yard_ids checked) - the missing yard is carried in gaps rather than mapped.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cavallaro-de712-04
-
[6]NavSource APD-128 propulsion block (2 Babcock & Wilcox 'D' Express boilers, 435 psi/750 F; 2 GE turbines, turbo-electric drive; 12,000 shp) + NavSource-documented Mare Island NSY repair availability 6 Jan-28 Mar 1955 + Atlas shipyard dataset, Mare Island record (litigation-documented ACM products at yard level) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource APD-128 specifications block; NavSource photo captions (Mare Island trials 22 March 1955); Atlas shipyards.json record 'mare-island-naval-shipyard'
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/yard inference: a Crosley-class high-speed transport completed March 1945 on a Rudderow-class destroyer-escort hull, with a turbo-electric steam plant (two oil-fired express boilers, two GE turbines), would have carried period-standard asbestos applications - boiler insulation, turbine lagging, steam-line and pipe lagging, gaskets and packing, fireproofing, deck coverings, and bulkhead insulation. Documented naval-shipyard availability where era insulation work would apply: Mare Island NSY repairs 6 January-28 March 1955 (NavSource photo captions, official yard photo series 24922-3-55 et seq.); Mare Island is a documented asbestos-era yard in the Atlas shipyard dataset (yard-level litigation documentation of ACM products). NARA RG19 Bureau of Ships 'General Information Books' and Defoe build records are archival leads for hull-level material specifications.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-2003
- Population
- Defoe construction trades 1944-45; Mare Island NSY workers Jan-Mar 1955; crew and embarked troops 1945-59; ROK crew 1959-2000
- Limitations
- Class/era and builder-yard inference only - NOT a hull-specific finding; no ship-specific asbestos row exists in this record. Yard-level ACM documentation at Mare Island does not establish that asbestos work was performed on this hull during the January-March 1955 availability. Crosley-class members used both B&W and CE 'D' Express boilers by builder; NavSource lists Babcock & Wilcox for this hull (the page's 'Babcox' is the compiler's spelling). NARA GIB and Defoe material schedules not retrieved.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cavallaro-de712-05
-
[7]Batch-4493 search ledger (this record): CourtListener API v4 sweeps for "USS Cavallaro", "Cavallaro" (+ asbestos), "DE-712", "APD-128", "Kyung-Nam" (opinion and docket indexes) - see search_ledger for per-query disposition [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-cavallaro-de712-05 through -08
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No qualifying litigation naming this hull located: CourtListener opinion searches for exact name "USS Cavallaro" and hull numbers "APD-128" each returned zero hits; "DE-712" returned 7 opinion hits, all tokenization noise (docket/pin-cite fragments, Spanish-language 'de' tokens) - none naming the vessel. Broad "Cavallaro asbestos" returned 7 opinion hits, all surname collisions (counsel/parties surnamed Cavallaro in unrelated litigation); the "Cavallaro asbestos" docket sweep returned 69 hits, all reviewed top results surname parties - including one asbestos-caption collision, CAVALLARO v. JOHNSON ASBESTOS CORPORATION (E.D. Pa. 2:11-cv-62741, Robreno, J., filed 2011-03-01, NoS 368 P.I. Asbestos) in which the plaintiff is surnamed Cavallaro - plus JPML/MDL caption collisions (In re Asbestos Products Liability Litigation (No. VI); J&J talc MDL; W.R. Grace bankruptcy). The exact-name docket sweep "USS Cavallaro" returned 0; the bare "Cavallaro" docket index holds ~2,331 entries, all reviewed top results surname parties (predominantly personal bankruptcies). "Kyung-Nam" (the hull's ROK name) returned 3 opinion and 36 docket hits, all Korean personal-name collisions. No hit names the vessel, a hull number as a vessel, or asbestos exposure aboard.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of located litigation does not prove absence of exposure or of asbestos aboard. Public court indexes do not cover non-indexed state-court filings, settled cases, or asbestos trust claims. 'Cavallaro' is a common Italian surname - a high-collision name; any future hit requires hull-number or service-window confirmation before attribution to this vessel.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cavallaro-de712-06