Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
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[1]research packet 983-packet.md (1 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-charlotte-pf60-pkt-983-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, Charlotte III (PF-60), Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships - verified live on history.navy.mil 2026-10-04 (the generic /danfs/c/charlotte.html URL 404s; the PF-60 entry lives at the charlotte-iii path) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry text, Charlotte III (PF-60) - spec block + service narrative
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: 'The third Charlotte (PF-60) was launched 30 October 1943 by Globe Shipbuilding Co., Superior, Wis., under a Maritime Commission contract; sponsored by Mrs. R. Billings; placed in service 19 July 1944; commissioned 9 October 1944, Commander R. D. Dean, USCG, in command; and reported to the Atlantic Fleet.' Cleared Boston 8 January 1945 for Argentia, Newfoundland, and weather station duty - 'her primary mission through her naval service'; between 21 and 26 March 1945 aided the ice-damaged gunboats Surprise (PG-63) and Tenacity (PG-71), rendezvousing at sea and towing them to Argentia, then towed Tenacity to Boston, back on station by 5 April; North Atlantic weather duty with aircrew-rescue alert continued until she sailed from Boston 17 January 1946 for a weather station off Bermuda; arrived Norfolk, Va., 15 March 1946, decommissioned there 16 April 1946; sold 13 May 1947. Spec block: dp. 1,430; l. 303'11"; b. 37'6"; dr. 13'8"; s. 19 k.; cpl. 180; cl. Tacoma. Namesake: cities in North Carolina and Michigan.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Globe Shipbuilding construction trades 1943-44; Coast Guard-manned crew 1944-46 (design complement 180 per DANFS)
- Limitations
- DANFS documents construction, milestones, and service narrative - not materials or asbestos content. It gives no laid-down date, no commissioning location, no stricken date, and no detail of the 1947 purchaser or the Brazilian conversion. The 16 April 1946 decommissioning conflicts with the USCG war history (15 April) and NavSource (19 April) - carried in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-charlotte-pf60-01
-
[3]U.S. Coast Guard Historian's Office, 'USS Charlotte, PF-60' asset page (posted 2021-03-29; sources listed: The Coast Guard At War, Transports and Escorts Vol. V No. 1; Conway's 1922-1946; DANFS Vol. II p. 83) - verified live 2026-10-04 [other_primary]
- Locator
- history.uscg.mil asset page - specifications block + History section
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- USCG Historian's Office record for this hull: builder Globe Shipbuilding Co., Superior, WI; propulsion '2-shaft VTE, 3 boilers' (vertical triple-expansion reciprocating steam plant); displacement 2,230 tons; complement 190; length 303'11", beam 37'6", draft 12'8"; range 9,500 nm at 12 knots; top speed 20 knots; armament 3 x 3"/50, 4 x 40mm (2x2), 9 x 20mm, 1 Hedgehog, 8 depth-charge projectors, 2 depth-charge racks, with the class note 'For those frigates fitted out for weather patrol duty, the after 3-inch gun was removed and a weather balloon hanger was added aft.' History repeats the DANFS narrative and adds that 'each patrol lasted approximately 20 days'; commissioned 9 October 1944 under CDR Ralph D. Dean, USCG.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Population
- Coast Guard-manned crew 1944-46 (complement 190 per USCG)
- Limitations
- Federal historical office record; documents the plant type (VTE + boilers) relevant to era asbestos applications but says nothing about asbestos itself. The '3 boilers' count conflicts with NavSource's 'two 3-drum express boilers' - carried in gaps. The weather-balloon-hangar note is class-level wording; Charlotte was such a frigate (weather ship her whole commissioned life) but the page does not describe her specific conversion scope. Complement 190 conflicts with DANFS 180.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-charlotte-pf60-02
-
[4]NARA, 'USS CHAROLETTE [sic] - War History', NAID 77631543 (RG 38, WWII War Diaries, Other Operational Records and Histories; micro serial 156477, roll A_2039, images 0545-0546) - both page images downloaded and read this session [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 77631543 image 0545 (transmittal letter + CO list); image 0546 (history narrative)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The ship's own submitted history (forwarded 16 November 1945 by the commanding officer under serial PF60/A7-3/519, signed C. A. O'Reilly): 'HISTORY OF THE USS CHARLOTTE (PF-60)' states she was 'a Coast Guard manned patrol frigate of the Atlantic Fleet' patrolling North Atlantic waters 'for twenty days at a time, furnishing returning aircraft with positions and always ready to render assistance when needed... periodic weather reports are obtained, and relayed to weather centers in the United States'; 'Built in a Superior, Wisconsin yard during 1944, the CHARLOTTE proceeded down the Lakes through Chicago and New Orleans to Texas for a brief outfitting period and finally commissioning at Galveston on October 9, 1944'; her 'special duties assigned - that of combatting submarines in the North Atlantic waters and the collateral duties of weather patrol.' Successive commanding officers with dates: CDR Ralph D. Dean, USCG (from 9 October 1944, commissioning date, to 21 July 1945); LCDR Edgar F. Fricke, USCGR, former executive officer (21 July to 17 September 1945, released to inactive duty); LT Charles A. O'Reilly, USCG (from 17 September 1945), with LT Giles M. S. Tod, USCGR, as executive officer.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Coast Guard-manned crew of this hull 1944-45; officers named (Dean, Fricke, O'Reilly, Tod)
- Limitations
- Primary operational record establishing identity, manning (Coast Guard crew), mission, and command succession - not a material or asbestos record. The narrative's Texas-outfitting sequence names Galveston as the commissioning site, matching her war diary and conflicting with the USCG At War chapter's 'Houston' - carried in gaps. The NARA catalog title misspells the ship 'CHAROLETTE'; the underlying document spells CHARLOTTE correctly.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-charlotte-pf60-03
-
[5]NARA, 'USS CHARLOTTE - War Diary, 10/9-31/44', NAID 78679160 (micro serial 95100, roll A_1258, image 0444) and 'USS CHARLOTTE - War Diary, 12/1-31/45', NAID 77602567 (micro serial 153591, roll A_1995, image 0635) - page images downloaded and read this session; 8 further monthly diary file units indexed in the catalog for this hull [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAID 78679160 image 0444 (diary entries 9-31 Oct 1944); NAID 77602567 image 0635 (diary entries 1-31 Dec 1945)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Her contemporaneous deck-level record: the October 1944 war diary (submitted 24 November 1944, signed R. D. Dean) records '9 October, 1944 - 1600, the USS CHARLOTTE (PF-60) placed in commission at Galveston, Texas'; in drydock at Galveston 10 October; at San Jacinto Ammunition Depot 13 October; departed Galveston 14 October for Bermuda 'alone, on Macri Charlie Route'; '20 October, 1944 - At 0822 moored at Pier A, U.S. Naval Station, Key West, Florida, having put in for machinery repairs'; at Key West through 31 October. The December 1945 war diary (submitted 2 January 1946, signed C. A. O'Reilly) records departure Boston 5 December for Argentia (arrived 8 December, Naval Operating Base Berth 'D'); departed 10 December for Atlantic Weather Patrol and Plane Guard Station #4; '13 - 0017, arrived and assumed Atlantic Weather Patrol and Plane Guard Station #4, relieving USS BRUNSWICK (PF-68)'; '31 - 0520, relieved of Atlantic Weather Patrol and Plane Guard Station #4 by USS ALEXANDRIA (PF-18); underway enroute to Argentia'; demobilization paragraph noting enlisted transfers for discharge progressing and eligible officers being released; copies to CTF-24 and Commandant, Coast Guard.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1944-1945
- Population
- Coast Guard-manned crew of this hull 1944-45
- Limitations
- Primary operational records establishing identity, commissioning place/time, machinery-repair casualties, and weather-patrol employment under Task Force 24 - not material or asbestos records. War diaries log positions and evolutions, not insulation or machinery condition. The October diary's Key West entry ('machinery repairs') corroborates the class-wide teething problems documented for the Tacoma class but names no equipment.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-charlotte-pf60-04
-
[6]The Coast Guard at War, Vol. I: Escorts (Part II, Ships' Histories), 'USS CHARLOTTE (PF-60)' chapter (official USCG historical publication, Historical Section, Public Information Division; verbatim HyperWar/ibiblio transcription) [other_primary]
- Locator
- USCG-V1-2.html, 'USS CHARLOTTE (PF-60)' chapter - Commissioning and Shakedown; Weather Patrol
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official USCG war history chapter for this hull: 'Built at the Globe Shipbuilding Co., Superior, Wisc. the USS Charlotte (PF-60) proceeded down the Great Lakes, Illinois Waterway and Mississippi River to New Orleans, and then to Houston for a brief outfitting and final commissioning there on October 9, 1944'; departed 14 October for Bermuda but put in at U.S. Naval Station Key West 20 October for repairs; departed again 1 November, arrived Bermuda 3 November, shakedown to 27 November 1944; proceeded to Boston for post-shakedown repairs and alterations. Weather patrol itinerary: 'patrolled assigned positions for approximately 20 days at a time', furnishing aircraft positions and periodic weather reports - Weather Station 4 beginning 18 January 1945; Station 5 beginning 23 February and again 9 April; Station 3 in May; Station 8 in June; a month's Boston availability from mid-July; Station 10 in late August; Station 11 in early October; further Boston availability; Station 4 from mid-December; a ten-day Boston availability; Station 8 from 20 January 1946; Station 7 from 7 February 1946; 'Returning to Boston in March her weather equipment was removed and she was decommissioned at Norfolk on April 15, 1946.' Commanding officers: CDR Ralph D. Dean, USCG, succeeded by LCDR E. F. Fricke, USCGR, 21 July 1945, succeeded by LT Charles A. O'Reilly, USCGR, 17 September 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Population
- Coast Guard-manned crew 1944-46
- Limitations
- Contemporaneous official service history giving the fullest patrol itinerary - operational history only, no materials content. Its 'Houston' commissioning site conflicts with the ship's own war diary and war history (Galveston) - the primary record is carried; its 15 April 1946 decommissioning conflicts with DANFS (16 April) and NavSource (19 April) - all three carried in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-charlotte-pf60-05
-
[7]NavSource Online: Frigate Photo Archive, USS Charlotte (PF 60), page 12/08060 (verified live on navsource.net - navsource.org is dead) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource page 12/08060 - designation bullet list, specifications block, commanding-officer table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource record for this hull: originally authorized as Patrol Gunboat PG-168; redesignated Patrol Frigate PF-60 on 15 April 1943; laid down 5 August 1943 under a Maritime Commission contract at Globe Shipbuilding Co., Superior, Wisconsin (MC type T. S2-S2-AQ1); launched 30 October 1943; commissioned USS Charlotte (PF-60) 9 October 1944; 'Decommissioned 19 April 1946 at Norfolk, VA'; 'Turned over to the State Department, Foreign Liquidation Commission'; 'Sold for scrap 13 May 1947 but instead converted to a coastal passenger ship for Brazil'; 'Scrapped in 1965.' Specifications: displacement 1,430 t; 303'11" x 37'6"; draft 13'8"; 20.3 kts; complement 176; propulsion 'Two 3-drum express boilers, two 5,500ihp J. Hendy Iron Works engines, two shafts'; call sign November-Zulu-Xray-Golf; commanding officer listed CDR Ralph David Dean, USCG, 9 October 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1943-1965
- Population
- Construction and crew populations as documented (complement 176 per NavSource specs)
- Limitations
- Reputable private naval-history archive, not a government source - used for the PG-168/PF-60 designation timeline, laid-down date, the J. Hendy engine attribution, and the disposal line; milestones corroborated by DANFS and USCG. Its 19 April 1946 decommissioning conflicts with DANFS (16 April) and the USCG war history (15 April) - carried in gaps. No stricken date is given; 'sold for scrap... but instead converted' leaves the purchaser undocumented.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-charlotte-pf60-06
-
[8]ShipbuildingHistory.com (Tim Colton), 'Globe Shipbuilding (WWII), Superior WI' yard hull list - yard hull #114, USMC hull #1467 [other_primary]
- Locator
- globetwo.htm hull table - row '114 | 1467 | Charlotte | US Maritime Comm. | S2-S2-AQ1 | 1,430 | 9-Oct-44 | PF 60... Bahia...'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Builder-yard compilation for this hull: Globe Shipbuilding (WWII) yard, Superior WI, yard hull no. 114, U.S. Maritime Commission hull no. 1467, original name 'Charlotte', type S2-S2-AQ1, 1,430 GT, delivered 9 October 1944; disposition line reads 'PF 60, weather ship 1944, sold for scrap 1947 but converted to a coastal passenger ship Bahia, scrapped 1965' - the only located source naming the Brazilian commercial identity 'Bahia'. Sister patrol frigates on the same contract block: PF-56 Covington (yard 110), PF-57 Sheboygan (111), PF-58 Abilene (112), PF-59 Beaufort (113), PF-61 Manitowoc (115); PF-62 and PF-63 were built at Globe's Duluth facility. The compilation notes two distinct Globe Shipbuilding Companies in Superior - one operational only during WWI, the other only during WWII - the WWI site being used in WWII by Walter Butler Shipbuilders.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1943-1965
- Population
- Globe Shipbuilding (WWII) yard workforce, Superior WI, 1943-44
- Limitations
- Secondary compiled reference (widely used shipyard table, not a primary document) - construction data corroborate DANFS/NavSource; the 'Bahia' name is corroborated only by NavalCoverMuseum's commercial-service field, not by any primary record - the Brazilian operator and conversion details remain undocumented. Establishes the MC hull number and contract block context, nothing about materials or asbestos.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-charlotte-pf60-07
-
[9]Era inference built on: USCG Historian's Office propulsion data ('2-shaft VTE, 3 boilers'); NavSource specifications (two 3-drum express boilers, two 5,500 ihp J. Hendy Iron Works engines); DANFS construction data (Maritime Commission contract, 1943-44); GAO HRD-80-2 Navy-wide asbestos-use documentation; NARA RG 19 'General Information Books' archival lead for per-vessel material specifications [other_primary]
- Locator
- USCG Historian spec block; NavSource specs; DANFS spec block; GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/yard inference: a Maritime Commission-contract Tacoma-class patrol frigate (MC type T. S2-S2-AQ1) built 1943-44 with a two-shaft vertical triple-expansion steam plant and 3-drum express boilers would have carried period-standard asbestos thermal insulation on boilers and steam lines, machinery lagging, gaskets and valve packing, fireproofing, and deck/bulkhead coverings; Navy-wide asbestos insulation use in this era is documented by GAO HRD-80-2. The builder, Globe Shipbuilding Co. of Superior WI (WWII emergency yard), has no asbestos documentation in the Atlas yard dataset or located public sources; NARA RG 19 'General Information Books' holding per-vessel material specifications are the archival lead for hull-level specs.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1943-1965
- Population
- Globe Shipbuilding construction trades 1943-44; Coast Guard-manned crew 1944-46; Boston navy-yard availability workforces 1945-46; Brazilian conversion/scrapping workforces 1947-65 (era inference)
- Limitations
- Class/era and steam-plant inference only - no ship-specific survey, inventory, or litigation record was located for PF-60. This row cannot support 'documented aboard this hull' wording. Globe Shipbuilding is absent from shipyards.json, so no yard-level asbestos record applies either; the MC-contract construction context makes asbestos use plausible but unproven for this hull. NARA GIB retrieval not performed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-charlotte-pf60-08
-
[10]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) - product page (full text blocked: gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetches) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (title, issue date, abstract)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Program-level context: GAO documented the Navy's historical use of asbestos insulation in ship construction and repair and evaluated the Navy's protective measures for exposed shipyard workers - establishing that asbestos was standard in Navy steam plants of this hull's construction era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1940s-1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard and shipboard populations, asbestos era
- Limitations
- Program-level finding across the Navy's asbestos-era fleet; names no individual hull, yard, or exposure event, and its fieldwork covered naval shipyards, not contract builders such as Globe. gao.gov 403 to automated fetch - product-page metadata only; same standing access limitation noted since Batch-01.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-charlotte-pf60-09
-
[11]Batch-8467 search ledger (this record): live DANFS (charlotte-iii); USCG Historian's Office; USCG At War chapter; NARA war history + war diaries (verified page images); NavSource; shipbuildinghistory.com yard list; NavalCoverMuseum; MARAD Vessel History Database (no result); Naval Vessel Register (no result); NARA deck-log catalog (not digitized); NIOSH/Globe Shipbuilding (no result); CourtListener (blocked - fleet pacing budget exhausted) [other_primary]
- Locator
- This record's search_ledger rows sl-01 through sl-13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No ship-specific asbestos documentation was located for this hull: no ACM survey, abatement record, hazmat disclosure, industrial-hygiene study of the builder yard, or qualifying litigation naming USS Charlotte (PF-60) was found in the sources searched. The only asbestos content naming this hull or the Tacoma class is law-firm marketing material (mesothelioma.net, mesolawcenter.com, asbestos-ships.com and similar listicles asserting asbestos aboard without primary sourcing) - excluded by source policy. CourtListener could not be searched this session (fleet pacing budget exhausted on all attempts) - litigation status is an open gap, not a negative result.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1943-2026
- Limitations
- Absence of located records is not proof of absence aboard the hull - the vessel's Brazilian commercial conversion (Bahia, 1947-1965) and undocumented scrapping leave its material history unverifiable. The CourtListener gap stands open for a future pass; Globe Shipbuilding industrial-hygiene records, if any exist, would sit in NIOSH/OSHA or Wisconsin state archives not searched.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-charlotte-pf60-10