Evidence
11 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-11).
-
[1]research packet hq-packet.md (10 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (DANFS-mirror sourced) — real identity: USS Christopher — https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ships/dafs/DE/de100.html
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Limitations
- qualifier: VERIFIED (DANFS-mirror sourced)
- Evidence ID
- uss-christopher-de100-pkt-hq-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, Christopher (DE-100) entry - namesake biography, specifications block, and service narrative (verbatim transcription on HyperWar/ibiblio; the live NHHC page returns 404) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry: namesake paragraph; specifications block; service narrative paragraph
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: named for Ensign Harold Jensen Christopher, USNR, killed aboard USS Nevada (BB-36) at Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 after voluntarily assuming control of part of the 5-inch broadside battery - posthumously awarded the Navy Cross. Specifications: displacement 1,240 t; length 306 ft; beam 36 ft 8 in; draft 8 ft 9 in; speed 21 kt; complement 186; armament 3 x 3-inch, 3 x 21-inch torpedo tubes, 8 depth-charge projectors, 1 hedgehog, 2 depth-charge tracks; spec-block class label reads 'cl. Buckley'. Launched 19 June 1943 by Dravo Corp., Wilmington, Del., sponsored by Mrs. Carl Christopher (the namesake's mother); commissioned 23 October 1943, Lt. A.W.P. Trench in command; decommissioned at Natal 19 December 1944 and loaned to Brazil under lend-lease; renamed Benevente; stricken from the U.S. Navy List 30 June 1953 when the loan ended and transferred to Brazil under the Mutual Assistance Program; bracketed editorial note: 'the ship was discarded in 1964.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1942-1953
- Population
- Dravo Corp. construction trades 1942-43; USN crew October 1943 - December 1944 (design complement 186)
- Limitations
- DANFS documents identity and service history, not materials or asbestos content. Three flagged discrepancies: (1) the spec-block class label 'cl. Buckley' conflicts with the official BuShips April 1945 roster grouping DE-99 through DE-113 under the DET design (Cannon class) - see ev-05; (2) the 30 June 1953 stricken date conflicts with the 20 July 1953 date in secondary sources - carried in gaps; (3) the bracketed 'discarded in 1964' note is contradicted by the Brazilian Navy's official record (baixa 20 December 1974) - see ev-06. Live NHHC page returns 404, so the verbatim ibiblio transcription is cited.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-christopher-de100-01
-
[3]DANFS (April 2016 revision), Christopher (DE-100) - verbatim transcription hosted on Tin Can Sailors (destroyers.org), labeled 'Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, April 2016'; the live NHHC page serves 404 [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- destroyers.org DE-100 page, 'Ship History' block (DANFS April 2016 text)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The current DANFS revision expands the service narrative: commissioned at Philadelphia, Penn., 23 October 1943, Lt. Archer W. Trench in command; underway 8 November 1943 for a five-week Bermuda shakedown/workup; yard period at Philadelphia 18-25 December 1943; sailed south arriving Recife 4 January 1944 via Trinidad; eleven months of South Atlantic operations - escorting merchant ships along the Brazilian coast, screening cruisers on anti-commerce-raider patrols, local operations; highlights: screening British cable repair ship Cambria off Rio de Janeiro February 1944, searching for an abandoned lifeboat off Recife April 1944, escorting cruisers Omaha (CL-4) and Marblehead (CL-12) on a mid-ocean anti-submarine patrol September 1944; late October 1944 began training Brazilian sailors at Recife; arrived Brazilian naval base at Natal 4 December 1944; decommissioned and transferred under lend-lease 19 December 1944; served on loan as Benevente until stricken 30 June 1953 and transferred under the Mutual Assistance Program; 'remained in Brazilian service until sold for scrap in May 1975.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1943-1944; 1975
- Population
- USN crew October 1943 - December 1944
- Limitations
- Third-party transcription of the official DANFS revision (the NHHC page itself is unreachable - standing NHHC link problem). The page's 'Disposition' line reads 'transferred to Brazil under lend-lease 9 December 1944' - a typographical slip contradicted by the same page's narrative, the old DANFS text, the USN South Atlantic Force history, and the Brazilian official record, all reading 19 December. Documents operations, not materials; no asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-christopher-de100-02
-
[4]History of the South Atlantic Force (U.S. Navy administrative history, Office of Naval History) - Chronology of Important Dates, entry for 19 December 1944 (HyperWar/ibiblio transcription) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Chronology of Important Dates, December 1944 section
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Official USN administrative history chronology entry: '19 Dec. 1944 - Admiral Monroe presents two more DE's to Brazil at Natal; Cannon and Christopher, which are re-christened Baependi and Benevente.' Documents the transfer ceremony, date, location, and the two hulls involved (DE-99 and DE-100), corroborating DANFS.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- USN and Brazilian crews present at the Natal transfer ceremony, 19 December 1944
- Limitations
- Chronology-level record only - documents the transfer event, not the ship's employment in detail and not materials. Transcription of an official Navy Department publication hosted on a third-party mirror (HyperWar).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-christopher-de100-03
-
[5]DPHDM (Diretoria do Patrimonio Historico e Documentacao da Marinha, Brazilian Navy official history directorate), 'Benevente, Contratorpedeiro de Escolta, Aviso Oceanico (1944-1974)' - official ship history sheet (repository handle ripcmb/846949) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DPHDM PDF, header block (incorporacao/baixa dates) + narrative + commander list (last entry ending 20/12/1974)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official Brazilian Navy record for ex-USS Christopher DE-100: keel laid 7 December 1942; launched 19 June 1943; built by Dravo Building Corp., Wilmington, Delaware; incorporated into the Marinha do Brasil 19 December 1944 at Base Naval de Natal by Aviso Ministerial no. 1.892, first commander Capitao-de-Corveta Jorge Campello Mauricio de Abreu; named for the Benevente river, Espirito Santo; hull mark Be 6, restandardized D 20 (1955), reclassified Aviso Oceanico (U 30) on 7 February 1964 (Aviso Ministerial no. 221 and Ordem do Dia 0008/64) with anti-submarine armament removed; assigned to Grupamento Naval do Sul 8 September 1967 (Aviso Ministerial no. 2.106); 265,846 miles steamed and 1,132 days at sea in Brazilian service; notable missions include rescue of survivors of the cruiser Bahia sinking 8 July 1945 and a November 1950 grounding off Salvador with flooding of forward compartments (towed in by sister Beberibe); disarmed 20 December 1974 under Aviso Ministerial no. 1.394 of 5 November 1974, desarmamento ceremony 22 December 1974; Brazilian complement 13 officers + 213 enlisted wartime, 188 peacetime.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1944-1974
- Population
- Marinha do Brasil crews 1944-1974 (13 officers + 213 enlisted wartime, 188 peacetime); Brazilian yard workers at refits and the 1964 conversion
- Limitations
- Official administrative/service record - documents the hull's Brazilian career and dates, not materials or asbestos content. Its machinery description (two main GM 16-278A engines, 3,400 hp total) diverges from BuShips/navypedia figures (four 16-278A diesels, 6,000 shp) - the BuShips design-table figures are carried and the discrepancy is logged in gaps. Sheet title dates the ship's Brazilian career 1944-1974.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-christopher-de100-04
-
[6]Bureau of Ships, 'Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, 1945,' Vol. I, NAVSHIPS 250-010 (15 April 1945) - List of Naval Vessels roster and DESTROYER-ESCORT VESSELS design-group characteristics table (shipscribe.com scan) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v1.pdf - List of Naval Vessels DE section (roster) and DE design-group characteristics table
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The official April 1945 BuShips roster groups DE-99 CANNON through DE-113 CLARENCE L. EVANS under the 'DET design' heading - DE-100 CHRISTOPHER is in that block - and marks DE-114 through DE-128 'Canceled.' The DE design-group characteristics table defines DET as 'diesel electric tandem motor drive, long hull': 2 shafts, General Motors diesel model 16-278/16-278A, 6,000 shp, boilers column 'None,' design complement 15 officers + 201 enlisted, main battery 3 x 3-inch/50. This hull is therefore the diesel-electric DET design, not a steam plant - the boilers field reads 'None' for the group.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- April 1945 edition
- Population
- Cannon/DET design program
- Limitations
- Program/design data, not materials documentation - the table records official characteristics, not insulation or asbestos content. Its value here is negative-capacity: a design with no boilers and no steam plant does not carry the boiler/steam-line asbestos categories. DE-99 and DE-100 do not appear in the per-ship characteristics table (both were already transferred to Brazil by the edition date) - they appear only in the roster. Textless 2-up scan; content verified by OCR (roster at PDF p.15; DE design table at PDF p.127).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-christopher-de100-05
-
[7]Correction record: DANFS bracketed note 'the ship was discarded in 1964' (ibiblio transcription) vs. DPHDM 'Benevente ... (1944-1974)' official sheet (baixa 20 December 1974) and the DANFS April-2016 revision ('sold for scrap in May 1975') [other_primary]
- Locator
- DPHDM PDF (baixa date + 1964 reclassification entry) vs. ibiblio DANFS transcription (bracketed note)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The 'discarded in 1964' claim carried by the old DANFS entry (and propagated into secondary sources and encyclopedias) is erroneous. 1964 was the year of Benevente's reclassification to Aviso Oceanico U 30 (Aviso Ministerial no. 221, 7 February 1964), not her disposal. The Brazilian Navy's own history sheet dates her baixa to 20 December 1974 (Aviso Ministerial no. 1.394 of 5 November 1974; desarmamento ceremony 22 December 1974), with operational entries documented through late 1974 and the DANFS April-2016 revision reading 'sold for scrap in May 1975.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1964-1975
- Limitations
- Resolves the disposal-era date only. The scrap purchaser/breaker and the physical disposal mechanics are undocumented; the May 1975 scrap-sale date rests on the DANFS-2016 mirror transcription and secondary sources, not a Brazilian primary document. DANFS's erroneous 1964 bracketed note still stands in the old text - the correction is recorded here rather than silently reconciled.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-christopher-de100-06
-
[8]Era/design inference drawn from BuShips 'Ships' Data' 1945 Vol. I DET design table + DANFS construction dates + Atlas cannon-class class profile (worktree class-c) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v1.pdf DE design table (boilers 'None' for DET group); cannon-class.class.json class_notes
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference: a DET-design destroyer escort built December 1942 - October 1943 at Dravo Corp., Wilmington, would have carried the era-standard asbestos set appropriate to a diesel-electric ship - exhaust-system insulation, gaskets and packing, electrical insulation, brake linings, and deck coverings. The design matters to the inference: the official BuShips table records boilers 'None' for the DET group, so the largest asbestos categories of steam ships (boiler and steam-line lagging) do not apply to this hull's design.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1942-1974
- Population
- Dravo Corp. construction trades 1942-43; USN crew 1943-44; Marinha do Brasil crews 1944-74
- Limitations
- Class/era and design inference only - NOT a hull-specific finding. No ship-specific insulation schedule, survey, or abatement record exists for DE-100 in the sources searched; Brazilian-era material changes (1944-1974, incl. the 1964 AvOc conversion) are undocumented. Does not quantify material or establish any individual's exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-christopher-de100-07
-
[9]Batch-3947 search ledger (this record): DANFS both revisions (ibiblio + destroyers.org transcriptions; live NHHC 404); USN South Atlantic Force administrative history; DPHDM official Benevente sheet; BuShips 'Ships' Data' 1945 Vol. I; NGB; navypedia; Atlas shipyard dataset; CourtListener name/hull queries [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-christopher-de100-01 through sl-uss-christopher-de100-14
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, museum hazmat disclosure, government document, or docketed asbestos case naming USS Christopher (DE-100) / CTE Benevente was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener opinion search: 'USS Christopher' returned zero results; 'DE-100' returned 276 results, all name/number collisions (docket-number and monetary-amount matches) with no vessel reference.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 2026-09-28
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - it records that the sources searched contain no ship-specific asbestos documentation. The hull's 14-month USN career ended in foreign transfer in December 1944, and thirty years of Brazilian custody are largely undocumented in US sources; crew-era exposure was never adjudicated or documented for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-christopher-de100-08
-
[10]GAO, 'Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure,' HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented the Navy's extensive shipboard asbestos insulation use with substitution not beginning until the early 1970s - this hull's December 1942 - October 1943 construction falls inside the documented asbestos-use era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers (program level)
- Limitations
- Program-level era context only; not hull-specific. gao.gov returns HTTP 403 to automated fetches - content via the product-page description; full-text pull remains an open lead.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-christopher-de100-09
-
[11]Unretrieved archival leads: NARA WWII deck logs for USS Christopher (DE-100), Oct 1943 - Dec 1944 (RG 24); BuShips General Information Books / Cannon-class material specifications (RG 19); DPHDM Benevente service file (Brazilian Navy archive); NavSource DE-100 page [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA catalog; NavSource / hazegray fetch failures logged in search_ledger
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads identified but not retrieved: (1) NARA deck logs for this hull covering its October 1943 - December 1944 USN commission; (2) BuShips General Information Books / per-vessel specifications for the Cannon contract group (RG 19) - the standard repository for hull-level material specifications; (3) the DPHDM Benevente service file underlying the official history sheet, which may carry refit/material detail for the Brazilian period. NavSource's DE-100 page could not be reviewed - the host was unreachable (DNS resolution failure) from this environment, as was the hazegray DANFS mirror.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Limitations
- None of these was retrieved; existence is presumed from standard record-keeping practice. Contents unknown - these are leads for future ship-specific verification, not findings.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-christopher-de100-10