Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
-
[1]research packet zcl-packet.md [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-cinnabar-ix163-pkt-zcl-packet-md
-
[2]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships (DANFS), entry 'Cinnabar (IX-163)' - hazegray transcription mirror at losthistory.net [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry 'Cinnabar (IX-163)'; NHHC live URL not locatable (404), transcription mirror used
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS: 'Cinnabar (IX-163), a concrete barge built in 1944, was acquired on a loan-charter basis from the War Shipping Administration and placed in service at San Francisco 26 September 1944. She was assigned to the Pacific Fleet, and in November 1944 departed the west coast in tow for Pearl Harbor. With Service Squadron 8, and later Service Squadron 10, she issued general stores to advanced bases at Eniwetok, Espiritu Santo, Ulithi, Leyte, and was en route to Okinawa during the typhoon at sea 30 September to 2 October; on 9 October 1945 she went aground at Baten Ko, Buckner Bay, Okinawa. She was stricken from the Navy Register 3 January 1946, returned to her owner at Okinawa, and subsequently sold.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1946
- Limitations
- Service-history entry only; contains no asbestos, insulation-material, crew, or construction detail beyond 'concrete barge built in 1944.' The canonical NHHC DANFS page returns 404 as of access date; text verified via the hazegray transcription mirror and is consistent with secondary restatements. Supports no materials or exposure claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cinnabar-ix163-01
-
[3]Shipscribe.com - Stephen S. Roberts, 'USS Trefoil (IX-149) Class' data sheet, compiled 2010-08-28 from U.S. Navy and Maritime Commission records (CNO/CinCPac/Auxiliary Vessels Board correspondence and disposition data) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Class construction/disposition tables (IX-163 row), class notes, and per-ship notes at shipscribe.com/usnaux/IX4/IX149.html
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Class data sheet lists Cinnabar (IX-163, MC hull 1337): keel 22 Dec 1943, launched 10 Mar 1944, acquired and placed in service 26 Sep 1944, built by Barrett & Hilp; disposition: out of service 3 Dec 1945, stricken 3 Jan 1946, delivered to Maritime Commission 6 Apr 1946. Ship note: 'Ex merc. CINNABAR. Army and Marine Corps stores issue barge. Grounded in typhoon at Okinawa 9 Oct 45, stripping and abandonment recommended 29 Oct 45. To MC at Okinawa 1946, sold by the Foreign Liquidation Commission in May or November 1947 with other wrecks at Buckner Bay to the Oklahoma-Philippines Co. (the "Berry Sale").' Class notes document the B7-D1 program: Barrett & Hilp contracted 1942-06-30 for 13 non-self-propelled concrete barges designed to transport bauxite ore (expanded to 26, six cancelled); Navy acquisition of 13 barges converted during construction to carry and issue general stores/provisions/spare parts at advanced bases ('tween-deck installation in holds; crews raised from 16 to 53 for GSK conversion, 61 for refrigerated); all were placed in service, not in commission. Class photo captions (NH 105636 series, Trefoil IX-149) document a crawler crane carried on deck for stores handling on the converted barges.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943-1947
- Limitations
- Researcher-compiled data sheet quoting Navy and MC records - authoritative secondary compilation, not the primary document itself; ship-note text indicates May-or-November 1947 Berry Sale ambiguity. Contains no asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cinnabar-ix163-02
-
[4]U.S. Maritime Administration, Vessel History Database - CINNABAR (IX-163), Detail 5768, including digitized Maritime Commission status card (CINNABAR.pdf) [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/ShipHistory/Detail/5768; documents/57daf7fa-7873-4b97-b322-38444a321590.pdf (scanned status card, OCR'd from image)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- MARAD vessel record: year built 1944; shipyard 'Barrett and Hilp'; MARAD type B7-D1; dry cargo barge; length 366.30 ft, beam 54.00 ft; displacement 5,678 tons lightweight / 10,960 tons summer; fate 'CTL - No Further Info' (constructive total loss). The scanned MC status card documents the custody event: 'Navy Dept.' redelivered the vessel to 'Laid Up Fleet' on 4-6-46 at 3:00 PM at Okinawa, disposition column marked 'Surplus/LU.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944-1947
- Limitations
- Custody and characteristics record only - the status card documents the 1946-04-06 Navy-to-MC redelivery at Okinawa; it contains no materials, insulation, or asbestos information. 'CTL - No Further Info' leaves the post-sale disposition undocumented by MARAD.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cinnabar-ix163-03
-
[5]Pacific Marine Review, vol. 40 (November 1943), pp. 61-69 - technical article on the Barrett & Hilp Belair Shipyard B7-D1 'ship-shaped' reinforced concrete barges (cataloged by San Mateo County Historical Association as 'Concrete Construction for Ship-Shaped Barges') [reputable_press]
- Locator
- archive.org full text pacificmarinerev4043paci, November 1943 issue, pp. 61-69
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Contemporary trade-press engineering description of the B7-D1 design as built at Belair: reinforced-concrete hull poured in excavation basins using Haydite lightweight aggregate (5,000 psi at 28 days, ~118 lb/cu ft) over welded continuous steel reinforcing (keelson, deck girders, bulkheads at 32-ft centers); ABS and U.S. Maritime Commission continuous inspection; designed by Ellison & King and Joslyn & Ryan, San Francisco. Outfitting: poop-house quarters with galley, messroom, baths, sanitary arrangements; electric-drive anchor windlass forward; a Fairbanks-Morse generating set forward and a pair aft powering windlass, steering gear, warping/anchor winch, pumps, ventilation, and lights; towed by ocean tugs - no propulsion machinery. Cargo holds floored with 6-in planks topped with steel plate.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1943
- Population
- B7-D1 construction trades (Belair Shipyard, South San Francisco, 1943-44) - class context
- Limitations
- Type-design documentation, not a hull record - describes the B7-D1 as built at Belair generally, before Navy stores-issue conversion ('tween decks, issue rooms) specific to this vessel. Contains no asbestos or insulation-material statement; it establishes the design's minimal machinery fit (diesel-electric auxiliary power only, no boilers/steam/refrigeration plant), which bounds - but does not establish or exclude - asbestos-relevant equipment aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cinnabar-ix163-04
-
[6]Pacific Marine Review, vol. 41 (April 1944), pp. 91-92 - 'M Award Ceremony Featured At Belair Ship Launching' [reputable_press]
- Locator
- archive.org full text pacificmarinerev4144paci, April 1944 issue, pp. 91-92
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Contemporary report: 'Presentation of the U.S. Maritime Commission's Award of Merit to Belair Shipyard in South San Francisco was made on March 10 at a special ceremony preceding the launching of Belair's 19th ship-shaped concrete barge, the Cinnabar.' The Cinnabar was sponsored by Mrs. Carl W. Flesher, wife of the Maritime Commission's West Coast regional director, with Mrs. Xavier Urrutia as matron of honor.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944
- Limitations
- Contemporary trade-press report - establishes the launch date as 1944-03-10 and sponsorship; carried over the '18 March 1944' date asserted by Wikipedia, which is not supported by the ceremony program or this report. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cinnabar-ix163-05
-
[7]San Mateo County Historical Association catalog 2018.075.003 - 'Program for the Presentation of the United States Maritime Commission "M" Award and Launching of the Cinnabar, March 10, 1944' (Barrett & Hilp, Belair Shipyard, South San Francisco) [museum_official]
- Locator
- SMCHA PastPerfect archive record 45469618-2763-4ED7-B6D1-289625640269; catalog no. 2018.075.003
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The museum holds the six-page ceremony program documenting the U.S. Maritime Commission 'M' Award presentation to Barrett & Hilp and the launching of the Cinnabar at Belair Shipyard, South San Francisco, on March 10, 1944; master of ceremonies William R. Lawson, Belair project manager. SMCHA's Belair collection also holds 'The Belair Cargoman' employee newsletter (1943-44) and contemporary trade-press reprints on the yard.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1944
- Limitations
- Archival catalog description of a primary artifact; the program was cataloged but not fully digitized for page-level inspection. Corroborates the 1944-03-10 launch. Contains no asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cinnabar-ix163-06
-
[8]U.S. Naval Historical Center, 'Typhoons and Hurricanes: Pacific Typhoon at Okinawa, October 1945' (faq102-6; archived capture), reproducing the extract on Typhoon 'Louise' from the Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas report on the Surrender and Occupation of Japan, Annex A, including the official vessel casualty listing [other_primary]
- Locator
- Vessel listing table, 'IX 163 - CINNABAR' row; NHHC faq102-6 via Wayback capture 2001-12-20
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The CINCPAC report annex's vessel listing names 'IX 163 - CINNABAR - Stripped, abandonment 10/29/45. Decommissioned.' The annex documents the storm at Buckner Bay on 9 October 1945: winds to 100 knots steady with gusts to 120, barometer 968.5 mb, 30-35 ft seas; overall Okinawa toll 12 ships and craft sunk, 222 grounded, 32 severely damaged, 36 killed, 47 missing, 100 seriously injured. NHHC collection photo captions (NH 105659, NH 105636) show Cinnabar aground among the Buckner Bay wrecks in November 1945.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-10 to 1945-11
- Population
- Barge crew and salvage/stripping parties, Oct-Nov 1945
- Limitations
- Wartime command-report extract reproduced on an NHHC page (retrieved via 2001 Wayback capture; the live NHHC page was not locatable). Confirms grounding, stripping, and abandonment for this hull; contains no asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cinnabar-ix163-07
-
[9]U.S. Naval Historical Center Photograph NH 105659, 'Wrecks in Buckner Bay, Okinawa, November 1945' - Online Library of Selected Images picture data (ibiblio HyperWar mirror) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NH 105659 picture-data page; NH 105636 via Shipscribe class photo page and NavSource index 46163
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NHHC caption: 'Wrecks in Buckner Bay, Okinawa, November 1945. Photographed about a month after Typhoon Louise ravaged that port in October 1945... To the right is USS Cinnabar (IX-163), a concrete-hulled stores issue barge. Above Cinnabar is the after portion of USS LST-826...' Companion NHHC photo NH 105636 shows Cinnabar wrecked at Buckner Bay in November 1945 with the remains of USS YP-520 in the foreground; a USN photo caption describes YP-520 'cut in two by Cinnabar (IX-163) during typhoon Louise, 9 October 1945' aground north of Baten Ko.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1945-11
- Limitations
- Photographic caption documentation of the wreck's post-storm state and of the collision with YP-520; no asbestos or materials information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cinnabar-ix163-08
-
[10]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and Maritime Commission emergency program under which this concrete-hulled barge and her outfitting were produced - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in yards and aboard vessels generally.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel or type and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation. This hull's concrete construction and diesel-electric auxiliary-only machinery mean the usual steam-plant asbestos concentrations do not apply by design; any asbestos aboard would have been incidental products (lagging, gaskets, packing, brake linings, electrical insulation), none of which is documented ship-specifically.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cinnabar-ix163-09
-
[11]CourtListener API v4 full-text opinion search (authenticated, fleet-paced helper): 'IX-163' and 'Cinnabar' [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-cinnabar-ix163-07 and -08
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- 'IX-163' returned 2 hits, both name collisions: Niles v. Nelson, 72 F. Supp. 2d 13 (N.D.N.Y. 1999) and Case & Davis v. Mark, 2 Ohio 168 (Ohio 1825) - section/citation-number matches, no vessel involvement. The exact-name 'Cinnabar' sweep could not be completed: six authenticated requests (phrase, term, date-floored opinion, docket) all hit upstream CourtListener read timeouts - see search_ledger. No qualifying asbestos litigation naming the hull was located via the completed hull-number query; the name sweep remains an open gap, not a completed negative.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- A name match is not a case about the vessel. Both IX-163 hits are text collisions in unrelated opinions. The exact-name sweep is INCOMPLETE (upstream timeouts, not pacing) - 'Cinnabar' collides with mercury-mining and place-name usages and must be re-run when the API recovers. Absence of a located docket does not prove no claim was ever filed; litigation naming this hull could exist outside CourtListener's coverage or under a party-name-only caption.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cinnabar-ix163-10
-
[12]Batch-4733 search ledger (this record): DANFS transcription, MARAD Vessel History Database and MC status card, Shipscribe compiled class data, NHHC CINCPAC typhoon listing and photo captions, SMCHA Belair archive, Pacific Marine Review v.40/v.41 full text, NavSource cross-checks [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-cinnabar-ix163-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming Cinnabar (IX-163) was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The hull was stripped and abandoned at Okinawa in late 1945 and sold in a 1947 FLC wreck sale, leaving no documented surviving structure subject to modern survey.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Study period
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - and equally does not establish its presence. The design's minimal machinery fit (no propulsion plant, no refrigeration) bounds the plausible exposure surface but cannot resolve it either way.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cinnabar-ix163-11
-
[13]Archival-lead mapping (unretrieved): NARA RG 19 Bureau of Ships records incl. 19-N/19-LCM photo series (class photos at Belair already cataloged via Shipscribe captions); RG 24 Navy records for IX-163 (in-service craft 1944-45); RG 178 U.S. Maritime Commission records (Belair Shipyard construction contract, MC hull 1337 conversion and loan-charter files); RG 248 War Shipping Administration files; SMCHA Belair Shipyard archive ('The Belair Cargoman' employee newsletter, launch memorabilia) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA record groups; SMCHA catalog 2018.075 series
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Hull-level records that may document materials and outfitting for MC hull 1337 / IX-163 are held in undigitized federal and museum archives: NARA RG 178 (USMC construction and West Coast regional director files - the documented correspondence chain for the loan-charter and Navy conversion), RG 248 (WSA vessel records), RG 19 (Bureau of Ships - design/conversion records; 19-N photos of the class exist at NARA), and RG 24 (deck logs/records for in-service craft). SMCHA holds the Belair yard archive. No box-level retrieval performed (not authorized).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-29
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - not evidence about this hull; contents unverified and unretrieved. Listed so a future pass with archive access can pull contract/conversion/outfitting files for hull 1337.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cinnabar-ix163-12