Evidence
13 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-13).
-
[1]research packet k-packet.md (2 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (with name-collision note)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-clinton-apa144-pkt-k-packet-md
-
[2]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 3 (NAVSHIPS 250-012, 1945), auxiliaries - transports, attack (APA) section, index no. 60 [other_primary]
- Locator
- APA data tables, index no. 60 (PDF text-verified: '60 CLINTON (ex-M.C.V. Hull 60) APA 144 455 0 436 6 62 0 17.7 14,837'; personnel row '12,450 49 24 0 99 593 86 1,465 35 CLINTON 60'; machinery row '60 CLINTON APA144 1 [do=Westinghouse] turb. 8,500 2 [do=B.&W. hdr.] 465 750'; builder/acquired/commission row 'do[=California S.B. Co., Wilmington] / 1 Feb 45 / 1944 / 1 Feb 45')
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official BuShips Ships' Data 1945 Vol. 3 carries a per-hull row for CLINTON APA-144 (index no. 60, 'ex-M.C.V. Hull 60'): 455'0" overall / 436'6" waterline; beam 62'0"; 17.7 knots; 14,837 tons; limiting displacement 12,450 tons with 24'0" draft; ship's company 99 officers + 593 enlisted (692 - flagship-augmented vs sister rows' 56+480) with troop capacity 86 officers + 1,465 enlisted; machinery 1 Westinghouse geared turbine, 8,500 shp, single screw; 2 Babcock & Wilcox header-type boilers, steam conditions 465 psi / 750F; armament 1 x 5"/38 DP, 4 twin + 1 quad 40mm; cargo 150,000 cu ft non-refrigerated, 2,900 DWT; built by California S.B. Co., Wilmington, Calif.; acquired 1 Feb 45; first commission 1 Feb 45.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1945 (as-built/first commission)
- Population
- Ship's company 692; embarked troops up to ~1,551
- Limitations
- Official 1945 machinery/dimension/personnel data naming this hull by hull number and M.C.V. hull; contains no insulation-material or asbestos statement - supports identity and the plant configuration only. The machinery row reads 'do' (ditto) to the Westinghouse-turbine row above; unlike APA-126 (Joshua Hendy per its own row), this hull's documented turbine is Westinghouse.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-clinton-apa144-01
-
[3]DANFS, 'Clinton II (APA-144)' entry - verbatim text via Internet Archive Wayback capture 2023-10-17 of history.navy.mil page; live NHHC URL 404 on 2026-09-25 [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Wayback capture of NHHC DANFS page (5 captures 2021-2023); full entry text including spec block and naming line
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS records: the second Clinton (APA-144) was launched 29 November 1944 by California Shipbuilding Co., Wilmington, Calif., under a Maritime Commission contract; sponsored by Mrs. L. N. Green; transferred to the Navy 1 February 1945; converted at U.S. Naval Station, Astoria, Oreg.; and commissioned 1 February 1945, Commander J. A. Ivaldi, USNR, in command. Clinton cleared San Francisco 17 April 1945 and landed Marine replacement troops and equipment on Okinawa 27-31 May; transferred battle casualties to Guam and embarked 7th Bomber Command ground forces to Okinawa, arriving 2 July; sailed six days later carrying over 1,000 Okinawan and Korean POWs for internment in the Hawaiian Islands; cleared Honolulu 5 August carrying replacement troops to Saipan; embarked Army occupation troops at Manila and landed them at Tsingtao, China, 11 October 1945; arrived Haiphong, French Indo-China, 26 October and carried Chinese troops and equipment to Chinwangtao and Taku for the reoccupation of northern China; 'Magic Carpet' duty - embarked homeward-bound servicemen at Manila, sailed 28 November for San Pedro, Calif., arriving 18 December; continued to the east coast, arriving Norfolk 2 February 1946; decommissioned 2 May 1946 and transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal 1 October 1958. One battle star for World War II service. Spec block: dp. 6,720; l. 455'; b. 62'; dr. 24'; s. 17 k.; cpl. 546; a. 1 5"; cl. Haskell. Named for counties in nine states.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1958
- Population
- Crew and embarked troops, 1945-1946
- Limitations
- Official ship-history narrative naming this hull; contains no asbestos or insulation-material statement - establishes service history only. Live NHHC page returns 404 (standing link-rot per batch-01); citation is to the 2023-10-17 Wayback capture of the NHHC URL. DANFS's 'transferred to the Navy 1 February 1945' conflicts with the MARAD status card's 31 January 1945 custody delivery at Vancouver - see correction row.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-clinton-apa144-02
-
[4]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive - USS Clinton (APA/LPA-144), file 10/03/03144 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Chronology bullets, campaign/occupation/China-service medal tables, spec block, commanding-officer list (3 COs), photo captions incl. Long Beach Navy Yard drydock Dec 1945, DANFS reproduction
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource timeline corroborates DANFS and adds detail: laid down 27 Sep 1944 as MC type VC2-S-AP5 (MCV hull 60) at California Shipbuilding Co., Wilmington CA; ferried/towed to Astoria OR for fitting out; commissioned 1 Feb 1945 at Naval Station Astoria, CDR Joseph A. Ivaldi USNR; wartime assignment TransRon Twenty-Four (COMO E. L. Short) / TransDiv Seventy-Two flagship (CAPT N. Y. McCown USN); campaign table - Okinawa Gunto operation, assault and occupation 27-31 May 1945 (one battle star); Navy Occupation Service Medal 13-19 Sep 1945; China Service Medal (extended) 11-14 Oct and 24 Oct-21 Nov 1945; title transferred MC to Navy Department 14 Jan 1946; decommissioned 2 May 1946 Norfolk VA; NDRF Wilmington NC 25 Aug 1958; struck 1 Oct 1958; towed Wilmington to James River Group, Lee Hall VA, 24-27 Sep 1964; redesignated LPA-144 1 Jan 1969; withdrawn by Navy 9 Nov 1983; final disposition - sunk as fleet exercise target off the Virginia Capes 1 Aug 1984. Photo documentation includes 'USS Clinton (APA-144) drydocked at Long Beach Navy Yard, San Pedro, CA in December 1945.' Spec block: 1 Westinghouse geared turbine, 2 B&W header-type boilers 465psi/750F, double Joshua-Hendy main reduction gear, 3 x 300 kW DC generators, 8,500 shp; complement 99 officers/593 enlisted; troops 86/1,465.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1984
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary archive (not an official repository): consistent with DANFS, SDB, MARAD card, and shipscribe on substance; carries one date variant against the custody card ('Acquired by the Navy 1 January 1945' vs card's 1-31-45 and DANFS's 2-1-45 - see correction row). The Long Beach Navy Yard drydock rests on a photo caption, not a work record - scope undocumented. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-clinton-apa144-03
-
[5]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - CLINTON (APA-144/LPA-144), Ship History Detail 1014, incl. digitized Reserve Fleet status card (Form MA-383) and vessel status card (delivery/custody chain) [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- Detail page milestones + status card images 1014_1842AF.jpg (fleet card), 1014_1842AB.jpg (consolidation note), card PNG (delivery chain); document CLINTON.pdf (card scan) - OCR-extracted
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- MARAD ShipHistory registry (Detail 1014) and digitized status cards for CLINTON (APA-144/LPA-144): MARAD type VC2-S-AP5, built 1945 by California Shipbuilding Corp., Hull No. MCV 60; card records 'Built by Kaiser Co., Inc. at Vancouver, Wash. Completed 1-31-45' and the delivery chain - Pope & Talbot, Inc. (GAA) delivered at Wilmington 12-5-44 12:30 PM PWT, redelivered at Vancouver, Wash. 12-11-44; Navy Dept. (loan-charter form) delivered at Vancouver 1-31-45 4:00 PM PWT; Navy Dept. title 1-14-46; Reserve Fleet (Permanent Transfer) Wilmington, N.C. 8-25-58 3:15 PM; Reserve Fleet (Transferred) James River 9-27-64 1:30 PM EST (departed Wilmington 9-24-64 11:35 AM EST under tow by Navy tug SAGAMORE - 'CLINTON was the first ship to be transferred' in the Wilmington-to-James River consolidation of Priority ships); interim 1983 withdrawal 'Withdrawn for Fuel Oil Removal Project' (card dates 3-24-83 1545 EST and 5-20-83 1230 EDT); 'Withdrawn by Navy for target practice' James River 11-9-83 9:40 AM EST. Registry milestone table carries 'Disposition 11/9/1989 TARGET PRACTICE' - the digitized card reads 11-9-83; the 1989 figure is a registry-display error.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1984
- Population
- NDRF caretaker crews (Wilmington/James River 1958-1983); fuel-oil-removal project workers (1983); Navy target-prep/stripping crews (1983-84)
- Limitations
- Official custody record for this hull from builder delivery to Navy withdrawal - the strongest hull-specific source in this record. Card handwriting partially legible (OCR-aided): the fuel-oil-removal event shows two 1983 dates (3-24-83, 5-20-83) whose withdrawal/return direction is not fully legible. Contains no asbestos, hazmat, or material statement; the 'Fuel Oil Removal Project' is a documented pre-disposal petroleum-stripping event, not documented asbestos work. Registry 'Fate: Transferred - U.S. Govt.' reflects the Navy withdrawal for target use, not a sale.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-clinton-apa144-04
-
[6]MARAD status card (Detail 1014) vs DANFS 'Clinton II' vs NavSource 03144 vs BuShips SDB 1945 v3 (index no. 60) vs shipscribe APA-117 class tables [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- Cross-source date/type comparison; MARAD card delivery chain and withdrawal block; SDB APA machinery/personnel row no. 60
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Source discrepancies resolved or logged: (a) Navy custody delivery - MARAD status card: Vancouver, Wash., 1-31-45 4:00 PM PWT; DANFS: 'transferred to the Navy 1 February 1945'; NavSource: 'Acquired by the Navy 1 January 1945'; BuShips SDB per-hull row: acquired '1 Feb 45' - card (1-31-45) adopted as the custody record, variants logged. (b) Final NDRF withdrawal - MARAD milestone table shows '11/9/1989 TARGET PRACTICE'; the underlying digitized status card reads 11-9-83 'Withdrawn by Navy for target practice,' consistent with NavSource and shipscribe - 1983 adopted; milestone-table figure treated as a data-entry error. (c) Complement - DANFS prints 'cpl. 546' while the BuShips SDB per-hull row lists 99 officers + 593 enlisted (692), matching the NavSource spec block - SDB adopted; the larger figure is consistent with TransDiv 72 flagship augmentation. (d) Troop capacity - SDB row lists 86 + 1,465 (1,551) vs the 86 + 1,475 (1,561) carried on sister rows - per-hull SDB figure adopted. (e) DANFS's 'transferred to the Maritime Commission for disposal 1 October 1958' conflates two events: NDRF custody transfer 25 Aug 1958 (card) and striking from the Naval Register 1 Oct 1958 - both dates carried separately.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1984 records
- Limitations
- Adjudicates record-level conflicts only; none bears on asbestos. The MARAD milestone-table '1989' is logged here rather than silently corrected; the custody-delivery variants (Jan 1 / Jan 31 / Feb 1) are carried in gaps because the card, DANFS, SDB, and NavSource cannot all be reconciled to a single event.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-clinton-apa144-05
-
[7]U.S.S. Clinton (APA-144) memorial marker, Fredericksburg, TX (erected 2006 by U.S.S. Clinton Reunion Association) - transcription via Historical Marker Database (hmdb.org) entry 243191 [other_primary]
- Locator
- HMDB entry 243191, full marker text
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- A granite memorial marker erected 2006 at Fredericksburg, Texas (Gillespie County) by the U.S.S. Clinton Reunion Association records ship-specific particulars beyond DANFS: nickname 'The Galloping Ghost of the China Coast'; landed 795 Marines (marker reads '22nd Battalion, 1st Regiment, 1st Marine Division') on Okinawa 27 May 1945; transported wounded from Okinawa to Saipan 4 June 1945; landed 7th Bomber Command ground forces at Okinawa 2 July 1945; transported 1,037 Okinawan and Korean POWs to Pearl Harbor, arrived 27 July 1945; transported a battalion of the 43rd Infantry Division from Manila to Yokohama 13 September 1945; landed a battalion of the 6th Marine Division at Tsingtao 11 October 1945; transported 2,122 troops of the Nationalist Chinese 52nd Army from Haiphong to Chinwangtao, arrived 7 November 1945; one battle star (Okinawa); awarded the Chinese War Victory Memorial Medal by the Government of Taiwan.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1945; marker erected 2006
- Population
- Crew and embarked troops, 1945
- Limitations
- Veteran-association memorial content, not a government record - the marker text is verified as published, but its troop counts and the 13 Sep Yokohama lift are not cross-verified against official movement records (DANFS is silent on the Yokohama leg, though the Navy Occupation Service Medal period 13-19 Sep is consistent). Unit designations as inscribed. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-clinton-apa144-06
-
[8]Consolidated era/design inference - BuShips SDB 1945 v3 machinery row for this hull + VC2-S-AP5 type data (shipscribe APA-117 class page) + Fleischer/Corn era documentation (rows ev-08, ev-09) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB APA machinery row no. 60; shipscribe.com/usnaux/APA/APA117.html construction/notes tables
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference: this hull carried a single-screw geared-steam plant (one Westinghouse turbine, two Babcock & Wilcox header-type boilers at 465 psi/750F superheat - BuShips SDB 1945 v3) built at the peak of WWII asbestos usage - the machinery configuration for which boiler and fireroom insulation, main and auxiliary steam-line lagging, valve and flange gaskets, machinery packing, accommodation insulation, and winch/windlass brake linings were commonly asbestos-containing in WWII construction. Troop-carrying arrangement (86 officers + 1,465 enlisted capacity) added interior joiner/insulation scope; the 25-year NDRF lay-up, the documented 1983 fuel-oil-removal withdrawal, and the 1984 target sinking shift disturbance exposure toward lay-up, pre-disposal, and disposal phases.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1984
- Population
- Construction trades (CalShip Wilmington and Kaiser Vancouver completion, 1944-45); engine-room and damage-control crew; NDRF caretakers; fuel-oil-removal and target-prep workforces (1983-84)
- Limitations
- Design-level inference, not a hull record - no source located names asbestos aboard this specific hull. Does not establish quantity, location, condition, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-clinton-apa144-07
-
[9]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and emergency construction program under which this VC2-S-AP5 attack transport was mass-produced - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in naval and merchant-type hull construction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-clinton-apa144-08
-
[10]Fleischer, W.E., Viles, F.J. Jr., Gade, R.L., and Drinker, P., 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels,' Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 28(1):9-16 (1946), PMID 21016030 [other_primary]
- Locator
- J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28(1):9-16 (1946); PubMed record 21016030 (verified identifier - an earlier batch's PMC1525949 citation resolved to an unrelated article)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- The U.S. Maritime Commission-commissioned industrial-hygiene survey of WWII pipe-covering operations at two Navy yards and two Navy contract yards documented that 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels is amosite' - i.e., amosite asbestos in Navy ship pipe covering during the period this hull was built.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1945 survey; published 1946
- Population
- WWII pipe coverers and shipyard insulation workers (class context)
- Limitations
- 1944-45 USMC-commissioned survey of pipe-covering operations at four yards (not CalShip Wilmington or Kaiser Vancouver); documents asbestos content of period Navy pipe covering generally - does not name this vessel and does not establish presence aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-clinton-apa144-09
-
[11]CourtListener API v4 opinion/docket sweeps (this record's search ledger); Pruitt v. Air & Liquid Systems Corp., C.A. No. 18-1101-MN-SRF (D. Del., In re Asbestos Litigation / MDL-875 track) - Report and Recommendation [court_record]
- Locator
- R&R opinion PDF, ded.uscourts.gov; CourtListener sweeps sl-uss-clinton-apa144-06/07/08
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener sweeps (authenticated API v4, 2026-09-25) found no qualifying hull-specific litigation: 'USS Clinton' opinions = 0 hits; 'USS Clinton' dockets = 0 hits; 'APA-144' opinions = 1 hit (name collision - N.C. Acupuncture Licensing Bd. v. N.C. Bd. of Physical Therapy Exam'rs, 2016 NCBC 31, an APA-statute citation); 'APA-144' dockets = 33 hits, all Administrative Procedure Act and other statutory citations (habeas, FOIA, environmental, contract matters) - no asbestos docket names this hull. The located attack-transport asbestos docket resolves to other hulls/classes: plaintiff John W. Pruitt Sr. alleged mesothelioma from asbestos exposure as a machinist mate aboard 'the USS Bayfield, an attack transport' (APA-33, Bayfield class) and USS Tolovana (AO-64, Cimarron class).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 2018-2021 litigation (other hulls); sweeps 2026-09-25
- Population
- Asbestos-plaintiff naval veterans (litigation context)
- Limitations
- Litigation-stage discipline: Pruitt is a pleading-stage plaintiff allegation about other vessels (Bayfield-class APA, Cimarron-class AO), carried only to show where the 'attack transport' docket surface resolves - it names neither this hull nor this class. 'APA-144' hits are statute-citation collisions (Administrative Procedure Act), verified at index level by case name/cause; the bare-'Clinton' + asbestos docket sweep (4,077 hits) is dominated by person-name collisions - plaintiffs named Clinton (Clinton v. Atlas Asbestos, Clinton v. 3M, Clinton A. Hayden v. Asbestos Corp., Davis v. Clinton), political-figure dockets, and MDL indexes - reviewed at index level; no hit references the vessel. Residual caveat: per-document review of the full 4,077-hit sweep was not exhaustive.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-clinton-apa144-10
-
[12]Batch-2215 search ledger (this record): DANFS 'Clinton II' via NHHC Wayback capture; NavSource 03144; MARAD ShipHistory Detail 1014 + OCR'd status cards; BuShips SDB 1945 v3; shipscribe APA-117 class page; NVR; CourtListener name/hull-number sweeps; NARA record-group guides; indexed-web litigation check [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-clinton-apa144-01 through sl-uss-clinton-apa144-11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, court finding, or docketed asbestos case naming USS Clinton / APA-144 / LPA-144 / M.C.V. Hull 60 was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). A lead-generation website (asbestos-ships.com) publishes a boilerplate asbestos page for this hull asserting the ship 'was laden with the carcinogenic mineral' - it cites no ship-specific documentation and is an excluded source class under batch rules (law-firm/marketing origin).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 2026-09-25
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944 geared-steam VC2-S-AP5 hull is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials installed at construction. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-clinton-apa144-11
-
[13]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 24 (Bureau of Naval Personnel - Navy deck logs), RG 19 (Bureau of Ships), RG 178 (U.S. Maritime Commission), RG 357 (Maritime Administration), RG 38 (Chief of Naval Operations - war diaries) [other_primary]
- Locator
- RG 24 deck-log guidance; /groups/019.html; /groups/178.html; /groups/357.html; /groups/038.html
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - require research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): Navy deck logs for USS Clinton Feb 1945-May 1946 (RG 24, NARA College Park); BuShips records incl. VC2-S-AP5 contract plans and Booklet of General Plans for M.C.V. Hull 60 (RG 19); USMC construction-contract records for M.C.V. Hull 60, incl. the Kaiser Vancouver completion arrangement (RG 178); MARAD/NDRF custody files covering the 1958-1983 Wilmington/James River lay-ups, the 1983 Fuel Oil Removal Project work scope, and the target-disposal file (RG 357); WWII war diary (RG 38).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1944-1984 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for M.C.V. Hull 60 / APA-144 is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-clinton-apa144-12