Evidence
5 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-5).
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[1]DANFS, Colorado III (BB-45) (builder, dates, wartime service and availabilities, disposal; verbatim transcription - live NHHC page returned 404 on 2026-09-18) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry, specifications block + full service narrative
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: launched 22 March 1921 by New York Shipbuilding Co., Camden, N.J.; commissioned 30 August 1923 (laid down 29 May 1919 per BuShips Ships' Data via class record - DANFS entry text omits it). Maiden voyage to Britain, France, Italy, Gibraltar; Battle Fleet Pacific service 1924-41 incl. Samoa/Australia/New Zealand cruise 1925, Long Beach earthquake relief 1933, and the Amelia Earhart search on an NROTC cruise 1937. Based on Pearl Harbor from 27 January 1941; departed 25 June 1941 for overhaul at Puget Sound Navy Yard lasting until 31 March 1942 - in refit during the 7 December attack. Fiji/New Hebrides operations November 1942 - September 1943; Tarawa bombardment; Kwajalein/Eniwetok; Puget Sound overhaul after 23 February 1944; Marianas (Saipan, Guam, Tinian from 14 June - 22 shore-battery hits on 24 July off Tinian, continued fire support to 3 August); west-coast repairs; Leyte Gulf from 20 November 1944 - two kamikazes a week later (19 killed, 72 wounded); Mindoro bombardment 12-17 December; Manus emergency repairs; Lingayen Gulf from 1 January 1945 - accidental gunfire hit her superstructure 9 January (18 killed, 51 wounded); Okinawa bombardment group Kerama Retto 25 March - 22 May; occupation (airborne landings at Atsugi 27 August); Magic Carpet - three Pearl Harbor runs returning 6,357 veterans; Bremerton Navy Yard inactivation; out of commission in reserve 7 January 1947; sold for scrapping 23 July 1959. Seven battle stars.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1919-1959
- Population
- New York Shipbuilding construction trades 1919-23; Puget Sound overhaul trades 1941-42 and 1944; repair and inactivation workers; crew 1923-47
- Limitations
- DANFS documents service history and yard periods, not materials or asbestos content. Builder is Camden per DANFS and BuShips - the Navypedia 'New York N Yd, Brooklyn' listing flagged in the class profile is a source defect, not carried. Stricken date not stated in the DANFS entry - see gaps. Live NHHC page returned 404 on 2026-09-18.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-colorado-bb45-01
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[2]DANFS specifications block (Colorado class; 32,600 t; 8 16-inch; 21 kt) + documented yard periods (Puget Sound overhaul June 1941 - March 1942; Puget Sound overhaul early 1944; west-coast repairs 1944; Manus emergency repairs December 1944; Bremerton inactivation 1946-47) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS specifications block + service narrative; Colorado-class profile (batch class-e) member row
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era inference: Colorado-class turbo-electric construction (8 Babcock & Wilcox boilers, Westinghouse turbo-generators driving 4 motors, 28,900 shp) in 1919-23 falls inside the period when Navy steam plants were lagged and gasketed with era-standard materials; the documented Puget Sound overhauls and wartime repair availabilities are documented yard periods in which era insulation was disturbed and renewed. Unlike Tennessee, California, and West Virginia, this hull did NOT receive the near-total wartime reconstruction - her disturbance signature is ordinary overhaul and battle-damage repair, not a gutting rebuild.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1919-1947
- Population
- Construction trades 1919-23; Puget Sound overhaul trades 1941-42 and 1944; repair workers; crew 1923-47
- Limitations
- Class/era and yard-period inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey or material list was located for this hull. This row must not be read as an independent ship-specific finding; it does not establish that asbestos products were aboard.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-colorado-bb45-02
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[3]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - every insulation installation aboard this hull (1919-23 construction; 1941-42 overhaul; wartime repairs) predates the substitution era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only - not hull-specific. Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403) - content via product-page description, consistent with prior batches.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-colorado-bb45-03
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[4]Batch-17 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS transcription + live-page probe; CourtListener/PACER ship-name and hull-number queries incl. Perez-verification sweeps; Naval Vessel Register; museum/scrapping-disclosure sweep [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-colorado-bb45-01 through sl-uss-colorado-bb45-07
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos-litigation opinion naming this hull, no hull ACM survey, abatement contract, scrapping hazmat disclosure, NVR entry (hull disposed of 1959, before the live register's coverage), or museum record naming this hull with asbestos data was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener 'USS Colorado' asbestos = 0; 'U.S.S. Colorado' hits are Snare & Triest Co. v. United States (Ct. Cl. 1911 and 1915) - naming the earlier armored cruiser Colorado (ACR-7, renamed Pueblo 1916), a name collision; 'BB-45' hits (Town & Country Motor Hotel; In re Anonymous; Anilao v. Spota) are unrelated cite strings.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 2026-09-18
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard; the hull was scrapped in 1959, before asbestos-aware disposal documentation existed. 'Colorado' is a high-collision search term (state name plus SSN-788) - false-negative risk is real and noted per the class-profile caveat. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-colorado-bb45-04
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[5]Perez v. Air & Liquid Systems Corp., 223 F. Supp. 3d 756 (S.D. Ill. Nov. 30, 2016), No. 3:16-CV-00842-NJR-DGW - verified as naming USS Maryland (BB-46) only, NOT this hull [court_record]
- Locator
- CourtListener opinion 7323181; control queries documented in search_ledger sl-uss-colorado-bb45-05
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CORRECTION: a 'Perez/Colorado' litigation lead circulating in internal notes was independently verified on 2026-09-18 as a conflation. The Perez opinion - a wrongful-death/mesothelioma remand ruling - recites the complaint's allegation of exposure 'primarily aboard the USS Maryland, from 1944 to 1946' and contains no USS Colorado reference. Control queries confirm: 'USS Maryland' returns exactly one CourtListener hit (Perez); 'USS Colorado'/'U.S.S. Colorado' + asbestos = 0; 'Colorado' + 'Air & Liquid' returns no Perez hit; 'BB-45' returns collisions only. The conflation likely arose because Maryland is Colorado-CLASS - the class name is not the hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-18
- Study period
- 2026-09-18 (verification); 1944-1946 (Perez alleged window, other hull)
- Limitations
- The Perez allegation itself remains a pleading-stage claim against USS Maryland (BB-46), adjudicated no further (see the batch-11 Maryland record) - this row only corrects the hull attribution; it neither validates nor defeats any exposure claim. CourtListener index coverage limits apply.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-colorado-bb45-05