Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]DANFS, Compel (AM-162) (builder, dates, full service narrative, reclassification, sale; verbatim NHHC text via Wayback capture 2021-07-23 of history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/c/compel.html - the live NHHC page returns 404) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry 'Compel (AM-162)', specifications block + service narrative (Wayback capture of history.navy.mil, 2021-07-23)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official DANFS record for this hull: '(AM-162: displacement 530; length 184'6"; beam 33'; draft 9'9"; speed 14.8 knots; complement 104; armament 1 3-inch; class Admirable)'. Launched January 1943 by Willamette Iron and Steel Corp., Portland, Oreg.; commissioned 8 April 1944, Lt. F. N. Egelhoff, USNR, in command. Sailed from San Francisco 22 June 1944 escorting a tug group to Pearl Harbor (arrived 3 July); joined Coral Sea (CVE-57) off Kwajalein 25 July to escort the carrier to Pearl Harbor; swept mines off 'French Frigate Schoals' [sic] 6-15 August; convoy escort to Eniwetok, arriving 5 September for antisubmarine patrol. From 24 October 1944 to war's end operated at Eniwetok, Ulithi, the Palaus, Saipan, Guam, and Majuro as convoy escort, minesweeper, harbor entrance control vessel, and experimental ship for minesweeping equipment; sailed to Manus 10-12 November 1944 to deliver blood plasma to men injured in the Mount Hood (AE-11) explosion. Departed Saipan 29 August 1945 via Okinawa to clear mines from the approaches to Wakayama, Japan; similar duty at Nagoya until 20 November; San Francisco arrival 16 December; placed out of commission in reserve at San Diego 12 June 1946; reclassified MSF-162, 7 February 1955; sold 26 August 1960. One battle star for World War II service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1942-1960
- Population
- Willamette Iron and Steel construction trades 1942-43; wartime crew (design complement 104)
- Limitations
- DANFS documents service history and specifications, not materials or asbestos content. DANFS does not print a laid-down date (15 June 1942 rests on NAVSHIPS 250-011; NavSource/uboat.net print 26 May 1942 - conflict resolved in ev-07) and does not print a striking date or disposal detail beyond 'sold on 26 August 1960.' 'French Frigate Schoals' is the entry's own spelling, carried verbatim. Live NHHC page 404s (standing batch-01 defect).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-compel-am162-01
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[2]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. II: Mine Vessels (less DM and CM), Patrol Vessels, Landing Ships and Craft, NAVSHIPS 250-011, 13 April 1945 (GPO 1945; scan via shipscribe.com) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAVSHIPS 250-011, Mine Vessels - Mine Sweepers (AM) tables: builder/date table and propulsion/generator table (COMPEL AM162 rows, register pp. 30-31) + AM136-165 class characteristics block (register pp. 26-27)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- The official 1945 BuShips register names COMPEL, official number AM162, in the mine-sweeper tables: builder Willamette Iron & Steel Corp., Portland, Ore.; keel laid 15 June 1942; launched 16 January 1943; date of first commission 8 April 1944; engine manufacturer/model 'Alco 539', shaft horsepower 1,710, 'F.B.' (Farrel-Birmingham) single reduction gear (ditto chain resolving to the AM136 class row). The AM136-165 class characteristics block prints: 2 propellers, diesel drive with single reduction gears; length 184'6" o.a., 180'0" w.l.; extreme beam 33'0"; full-load displacement 945 tons (at limiting draft); trial displacement 850 tons; trial speed 14.8 knots; total accommodations 11 officers + 93 enlisted; armament 1 x 3"/50 cal. D.P. and 2 twin 40mm A.A. mounts.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1942-1945 (register data as of 13 April 1945)
- Population
- Willamette Iron & Steel construction trades 1942-43; wartime crew
- Limitations
- Contemporaneous official register - establishes identity, builder, construction dates, and propulsion for this hull; contains no materials or asbestos information. The keel date printed (15 Jun 1942) conflicts with the NavSource/uboat.net secondary chain (26 May 1942) - the official table is carried and the conflict logged in ev-07 and gaps. The class block prints 'Diesel' (geared) drive for AM136-165, not 'diesel-electric' - the HyperWar data card's 'diesel-electric engines, twin screws, 1,800 h.p.' conflicts with this table; logged in ev-07. The 1,710 figure is the class-table shaft-horsepower entry and is not labeled per-engine or aggregate. OCR noise in the scanned table does not affect the row's substance.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-compel-am162-02
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[3]NavSource Online: Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive, Compel (MSF 162) ex-AM-162, ex-AMc-139 (volunteer-compiled naval photo/history archive; page via Wayback capture 2024-05-27 - direct fetch refused from this host) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource MSF-162 archive page (Wayback 2024-05-27): chronology block, specifications block, commanding-officer list, photo credits
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource archive record for this hull: originally planned as coastal minesweeper Compel (AMc 139); reclassified AM-162 on 21 February 1942; laid down 26 May 1942 by Willamette Iron and Steel Corp., Portland, OR; launched 16 January 1943; commissioned USS Compel (AM 162) on 8 April 1944; decommissioned 12 June 1946 at San Diego, CA; the Naval Vessel Register of 1 January 1949 lists her 'out of commission, in reserve' as of December 1945; reclassified fleet minesweeper (steel hull) MSF-162 on 7 February 1955; sold for scrap 26 August 1960. Call sign November-Delta-Oscar-Foxtrot. Commanding officers: LT Frederick Norman Egelhoff, USNR (8 April 1944 - 8 November 1945); LT Gibson Louis Smith, USNR (8 November 1945 -). Photo credits document NARA photographs of the hull at the Pacific Reserve Fleet Swan Island yard, Portland, 3 February 1946 (outboard of sister Concise AM-163) and NHHC photo NH 81364 (San Francisco Bay, homeward-bound pennant). Spec block (650 t.; 184'6" x 33' x 9'9"; 14.8 kts; complement 104; 1 x 3"/50 DP, two twin 40mm, hedgehog, two depth-charge tracks; two ALCO 539 diesels, Farrel-Birmingham single reduction gear, two shafts) is consistent with the official NAVSHIPS table where they overlap.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1942-1960 (compiled)
- Population
- Construction trades 1942-43; wartime crew 1944-46; reserve-fleet caretakers 1946-60; scrapping workers 1960
- Limitations
- Private photo/data archive, not an official source: the laid-down date (26 May 1942) conflicts with the NAVSHIPS official register (15 Jun 1942) - the register value is carried and the conflict logged in ev-07/gaps. The disposal detail ('sold for scrap 26 August 1960') and the NVR 1 January 1949 reserve-fleet listing rest on a secondary compilation - consistent with DANFS where they overlap but not independently corroborated. The Navy List striking date is not printed by NavSource or by any other located source. No materials or asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-compel-am162-03
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[4]uboat.net Allied Warships of WWII - USS Compel (AM 162) ship page 5280 [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/5280.html - data block + CO list
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- uboat.net per-hull record: Admirable-class minesweeper, pennant AM 162; 'Built by Willamette Iron and Steel Corp. (Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.)'; ordered 30 Dec 1941; laid down 26 May 1942; launched 16 Jan 1943; commissioned 8 Apr 1944; 'End service 12 Jun 1946'; 'Decommissioned 12 June 1946 at San Diego, California. Sold 26 August 1960.' CO list: Lt. Frederick Norman Egelhoff, USNR, 8 Apr 1944 - 8 Nov 1945.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1941-1960
- Population
- Wartime crew
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary compilation - corroborates builder, order date (30 Dec 1941 - not in DANFS, NavSource, or NAVSHIPS), launch/commission/decommission/sale dates; its 26 May 1942 laid-down date follows the NavSource secondary chain and conflicts with NAVSHIPS (15 Jun 1942 - carried per ev-02/ev-07). Contains no asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-compel-am162-04
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[5]Atlas shipyard dataset record 'willamette-iron-steel' (shipyards.json; tier 3 - single product row: Pabco/Fibreboard fill-in insulation 'used only as fill-in at Willamette in the 1960s and 1970s' per Lineaweaver v. Plant Insulation Co., 31 Cal. App. 4th 1409 (1995), verification_status 'disputed' - the opinion names only 'Willamette Shipyard' with no corporate name or state) + Admirable-class specifications (steel hull; ALCO 539 diesel propulsion, no boilers) per NAVSHIPS 250-011 and NavSource class data [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipyards.json record 'willamette-iron-steel' (ev-willamette-01); NAVSHIPS 250-011 / NavSource Admirable-class specification blocks
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/class inference: a steel-hulled Admirable-class minesweeper built 1942-43 would have carried period-standard asbestos materials typical of WWII combatant construction - exhaust and engine-room thermal lagging, machinery-space acoustic and fire insulation, joiner/bulkhead fireproof panels, gaskets and packing, electrical insulation, winch and windlass brake linings, deck coverings. Her diesel propulsion (ALCO 539, no boilers) narrows the profile versus steam-driven vessels. Builder Willamette Iron & Steel resolves in the Atlas yard dataset at tier 3, but its only product row is disputed and describes 1960s-70s repair-era fill-in insulation - it does not document asbestos use during this hull's 1942-43 construction.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1942-1960
- Population
- Willamette Iron & Steel construction trades 1942-43; wartime crew 1944-46; reserve-fleet caretakers 1946-60; scrapping workers 1960
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no source names asbestos aboard this specific hull. No boiler or steam-line insulation inference applies (geared diesel plant). The yard-level row is weaker than most: the product identification itself is 'disputed' in the dataset and the documented period (1960s-70s repairs) postdates this hull's construction - though, unlike her Project Hula sisters, this hull did survive into the 1960 U.S. sale/scrapping window, so the yard's postwar repair-era row is at least temporally adjacent to her custodial tail. Does not establish quantity, location, or any individual exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-compel-am162-05
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[6]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987); and Fleischer, W.E., et al., 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels,' J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28(1):9-16 (Jan 1946), PMID 21016030 [other_primary]
- Locator
- AJIM 11(3):359-373 (article); PubMed PMID 21016030
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and wartime construction program under which this hull was built at Willamette Iron & Steel, Portland. The USMC-commissioned 1944-45 industrial-hygiene survey of pipe-covering operations at Navy and contract yards documented that 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels is amosite.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; articles 1946/1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (era context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding and naval-vessel construction generally; neither source names this vessel, class, or builder yard. Pipe-covering findings are less applicable to a diesel (non-steam) minesweeper than to steam vessels. Establishes nothing about this hull's materials, condition, or any individual exposure.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-compel-am162-06
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[7]Source-discrepancy resolution - NAVSHIPS 250-011 register vs NavSource 11/02162 vs DANFS (NHHC Wayback capture; losthistory/hazegray mirror) vs uboat.net 5280 vs Colton Willamette yard table vs HyperWar per-hull page and class block vs Wikipedia infobox [other_primary]
- Locator
- NAVSHIPS 250-011 register p. 31 (COMPEL AM162 row); web.archive.org/web/20210723150414 NHHC capture; losthistory.net/hazegray/danfs/mine/am162.htm ('CVE-67' typo); navsource.net/archives/11/02162.htm; uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/5280.html; shipbuildinghistory.com Willamette yard table (navalmarinearchive mirror); ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ships/AM/AM-162_Compel.html; en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Compel
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Source discrepancies logged, not silently merged: (a) Keel-laying date - NAVSHIPS 250-011 (official contemporaneous register) prints 15 June 1942; NavSource, uboat.net, and Wikipedia print 26 May 1942 - the official register figure is carried and the secondary-chain date flagged. (b) Escort-carrier hull number - the NHHC DANFS text reads 'Coral Sea (CVE-57)' (correct - CVE-57 was Coral Sea, renamed Anzio September 1944); the hazegray transcription prints 'CVE-67' - a transcription error (CVE-67 was USS Solomons), not adopted. (c) Reserve-status date - NavSource cites the NVR of 1 January 1949 listing Compel 'out of commission, in reserve as December 1945,' while DANFS places her out of commission in reserve 12 June 1946 (she reached San Francisco 16 Dec 1945 and was photographed in the Swan Island PRF yard 3 Feb 1946) - the December 1945 NVR figure is inconsistent with the documented service chronology and is carried as an NVR-print quirk, not adopted. (d) Propulsion label - HyperWar's class block and per-hull page read 'Diesel-electric engines, twin screws, 1,800 h.p.'; NAVSHIPS prints 'Diesel' (geared) drive with single reduction gear and NavSource documents two ALCO 539 diesels through a Farrel-Birmingham single reduction gear - NAVSHIPS/NavSource carried; HyperWar treated as a compilation label error (same pattern as sister hulls). (e) Specs - DANFS dp 530 / 14.8 k. / 9'9" vs NavSource 650 t. / 14.8 kts. / 9'9" vs HyperWar 625 t. / 15 kts. / 10'; NAVSHIPS class block adds 945 t. full load / 850 t. trial - DANFS carried for the specs block; tonnage variance across load states flagged. (f) Builder name - 'Willamette Iron and Steel Corp.' (DANFS, NAVSHIPS, NavSource, uboat.net, Colton) vs 'Willamette Iron and Steel Works' (Wikipedia infobox) - 'Corp.' carried; 'Works' treated as a name-form error. (g) Stricken date - absent from every located source (DANFS, NAVSHIPS, NavSource, Colton, uboat.net, Wikipedia); only 'sold 26 August 1960' / 'scrapped 1960' is documented - carried in gaps. (h) DANFS 'French Frigate Schoals' is the entry's own spelling for French Frigate Shoals - carried verbatim, flagged here.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1942-1960
- Limitations
- Resolves publication-level discrepancies among the official register, the official DANFS text, secondary compilations, and a Wikipedia infobox, adopting the better-supported values and flagging the rest. No asbestos content in any of these sources.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-compel-am162-07
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[8]Batch-1186 search ledger (this record): DANFS via NHHC Wayback capture and losthistory/hazegray mirror; NAVSHIPS 250-011 Ships' Data 1945; NavSource 11/02162 via Wayback; uboat.net 5280; Colton Willamette yard table; Naval Vessel Register site; CourtListener API v4 (blocked - shared quota) + CourtListener web UI exact-name searches (0 results); web litigation sweep incl. VA/BVA-name queries; mesothelioma marketing-list review [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-compel-am162-01 through sl-uss-compel-am162-13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located for USS Compel / AM-162 / AMc-139 / MSF-162: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, preservation or reserve-fleet record, court finding, or docketed asbestos case naming this hull was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The CourtListener web UI returned 0 results for the exact name 'USS Compel' in both the opinion and docket indexes (the authenticated API pass itself was quota-blocked, HTTP 429); hull-number-only 'AM-162' string hits (81 opinion / 139 docket) are name collisions by construction - a hull number alone cannot name the vessel, and none of the surfaced hits pairs the number with the ship name. Unlike her Project Hula sisters, this hull remained U.S. property through a ~14-year reserve-fleet layup (Swan Island, Portland; San Diego, 1946-1960) and a domestic Navy sale on 26 August 1960 - a custodial path on which layup, survey, or disposal records could have been generated - but none surfaced in digitized public sources; NARA/MARAD paper records are the open lead (ev-10). The only web mentions pairing 'Compel' with asbestos are name-in-list entries on law-firm marketing pages (mesothelioma.com minesweepers table row 'USS Compel | AM-162 | Admirable | 4/8/1944 | Scrapped, 1960'; mesotheliomahelp.org ship list) - list placement, not a ship-specific claim. No VA/BVA decision naming the hull surfaced.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 2026-09-22
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1942-43-built vessel is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials even accounting for its lighter diesel insulation load. The CourtListener structured API pass is incomplete (shared 2,800/day quota exhausted, HTTP 429, ~9,300s to reset; logged blocked, not failed-by-omission) - the exact-name web-UI queries did complete with 0 results, but the structured docket/document search remains an open re-run item. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-compel-am162-08
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[9]Albina Engine & Machine v. Director, Office of Workers' Compensation Programs, 627 F.3d 1293 (9th Cir. 2010), No. 09-70592 [court_record]
- Locator
- Opinion text, 627 F.3d 1293 at 1296-1297 (Background; employment dates; stipulation)
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No case located names this hull (see negative_finding row and search_ledger). Builder-yard litigation context: published appellate opinion records an LHWCA death-benefits claim by the widow of James McAllister, a shipyard carpenter who died of mesothelioma from asbestos exposure across three shipyard employers: Willamette Iron & Steel Co. ('WISCO'), Albina Engine & Machine, and Lockheed Shipbuilding. All parties stipulated the death was caused by asbestos exposure at a maritime situs; the opinion notes 'WISCO admitted that Decedent was exposed to asbestos in its employ.' WISCO is the builder of this hull (the Atlas yard dataset lists 'WISCO' as an alias of Willamette Iron & Steel Corp., Portland, OR). The Ninth Circuit resolved only which employer was liable for benefits under the last-employer framework, holding Lockheed liable.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1956-1960 (employment); 2010 (opinion)
- Population
- Willamette Iron & Steel shipyard workers (1956 employment window documented)
- Limitations
- Yard-level context, not a hull finding: McAllister's WISCO employment was in 1956 - more than a decade after this hull's 1942-44 construction - so the documented exposure window does not overlap the build period. The opinion names the employer, not AM-162, and adjudicates an LHWCA liability-allocation question only; exposure at WISCO was stipulated/admitted, not tried. Does not establish conditions at the yard during the wartime window or aboard any vessel. CourtListener API was unavailable on 2026-09-22 (shared daily quota exhausted); opinion read via vLex.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-compel-am162-09
-
[10]Archival leads - NARA RG 24 deck logs and WWII muster rolls for this hull's April 1944 - June 1946 commission; NARA RG 19 (Bureau of Ships) General Information Books and the Navy contract file for the Willamette Admirable-class block (ordered 30 Dec 1941 per uboat.net); Pacific Reserve Fleet layup/inspection records (Swan Island, Portland, Feb 1946; San Diego, 1946-1960) and the 26 August 1960 sale/disposal file (NARA/MARAD); NHHC photograph NH 81364 (hull in San Francisco Bay flying homeward-bound pennant, c. 1944/45) and the NARA Swan Island PRF photographs of 3 February 1946 (per NavSource credits) [other_primary]
- Locator
- archives.gov RG 19/24 group guides; NavSource 11/02162 photo credit lines (NH 81364; NARA Swan Island photos)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - require research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized; NARA catalog returns only its JS application shell to automated fetch): (a) NARA RG 24 deck logs and muster rolls covering this hull's ~26-month U.S. commission; (b) NARA RG 19 Bureau of Ships records / General Information Books and the Navy contract file for the Willamette Admirable-class block - the plausible home of hull-level material schedules; (c) Pacific Reserve Fleet layup, preservation, and periodic-inspection files (Swan Island, Portland, documented February 1946; San Diego, 1946-1960) plus the 26 August 1960 sale/disposal documentation - the custodial records that could contain material or abatement detail for a hull that spent ~14 years in U.S. reserve before domestic sale; (d) NHHC still-photo NH 81364 and the NARA still-photo coverage of the Swan Island PRF berthing (3 Feb 1946).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-22
- Study period
- 1942-1960 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for AM-162 is unknown until surveyed in person. Muster rolls, deck logs, and disposal files are personnel/operations records, not materials documentation. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-compel-am162-10