Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]research packet 1017-packet.md (1 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-concord-sp773-pkt-1017-packet-md
-
[2]NavSource Naval History, Section Patrol Craft Photo Archive: Muscotah (YT 33) ex-Mendota (YT 33) ex-Concord (SP 773) - specification block [other_primary]
- Locator
- Specifications block, 'Propulsion' line
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- NavSource's specification block for this hull lists propulsion of two single-ended boilers feeding one 750-hp vertical triple-expansion steam engine on a single shaft - the steam plant class that period marine practice insulated with asbestos-containing boiler lagging, steam-line and pipe covering, valve and flange gaskets, and machinery packing. No document names this hull in connection with any asbestos product.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1898-1937
- Population
- Crew of 36 (DANFS/NavSource); construction trades at Charles Hillman, Philadelphia, 1898
- Limitations
- The propulsion fact is ship-specific and verified; the asbestos application is era inference only - NavSource does not mention asbestos, and no source names this hull in connection with any asbestos product. Does not establish quantity, location, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-concord-sp773-01
-
[3]Franke, Kara, and Dennis Paustenbach, 'Government and Navy knowledge regarding health hazards of asbestos: A state of the science evaluation (1900 to 1970),' Inhalation Toxicology 23(S3):1-20 (2011); DOI 10.3109/08958378.2011.643417; PMID 22200078 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Article, naval-use historical review section (quote verified via indexing- service excerpts; tandfonline full text returns HTTP 403 to automated fetch)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed state-of-the-science evaluation of U.S. Navy asbestos knowledge (1900-1970) documents that 'beginning in the 1880s and continuing well into the 1950s, amosite and chrysotile fibers, and to a much lesser extent, crocidolite, were used extensively as insulating materials on naval ships' - an era window covering this vessel's entire existence (built 1898; Navy custody 1917-1937).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1900-1970 reviewed; article 2011
- Population
- U.S. Navy ship crews and yard workers, 1880s-1950s (era context)
- Limitations
- Era/program-level scholarly documentation of Navy asbestos insulation use; does not name this hull and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard it, nor quantity, condition, exposure, or causation. Full text behind publisher paywall returns 403 to automated fetches; bibliographic record confirmed via PubMed indexing (PMID 22200078). Authors are ChemRisk consultants who testify on the defense side - used here only for the uncontested historical-era fact, not for any hazard characterization.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-concord-sp773-02
-
[4]U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 'Asbestos-Containing Thermal System Insulation: Facts and Figures' (EPA NEPIS document 91013BWQ) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Section 1.1, 'Description of Asbestos-Containing Thermal System Insulation'
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- The EPA's technical description of asbestos-containing thermal system insulation (TSI) - 'a chalky mixture of magnesia and asbestos, preformed fibrous asbestos wrapping, asbestos fiber felt, corrugated paper, or insulating cement' applied to pipes, boilers, tanks, and ducts - documents the material class that era steam plants such as this hull's boiler/triple-expansion installation used for thermal insulation.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- document era; insulation type spans early-to-late 20th century
- Limitations
- Product-class documentation, not a hull record - the EPA document describes TSI generally (building and industrial context, later-era survey purpose) and does not name this vessel or any vessel. It corroborates the material class referenced in the era inference; it does not establish that asbestos was aboard this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-concord-sp773-03
-
[5]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, 'Concord III (Id.No. 773)' - Naval History and Heritage Command (live page returns 404; cited via Wayback Machine capture of 25 May 2024) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Archived NHHC DANFS page concord-iii.html, full entry incl. spec block; canonical live URL https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/c/concord-iii.html currently 404 (standing NHHC link-rot defect)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS entry (Concord III, Id.No. 773; authors Robert J. Cressman and Theresa R. Hasson, updated 31 May 2022): the third Concord was built in 1898 by Charles Hillman, Philadelphia, Pa.; purchased by the Navy 22 September 1917; outfitted at the Boston Navy Yard; classified as a minesweeper and commissioned 20 November 1917, Lt. (j.g.) Enoch M. Gracie, USNRF, in command. Sailed Philadelphia 15 December 1917 for Bermuda (arrived 20th), joined Galatia (SP-714) and Gypsum Queen (Id.No. 430) to tow three French submarine chasers to Ponta Delgada, Azores; departed for Brest 7 January 1918, arrived 22 February 1918. Participated in saving the torpedoed freighter Westward Ho (U-62, 8 August 1918) with Cassiopee, Noma (SP-131), May (SP-164), and British tugs Woonda and Epic - a 315-mile stern-first tow into Brest. Departed Brest 25 October 1919; via Azores and Bermuda to Norfolk, arrived 28 November 1919; placed 'in service' at the Washington Navy Yard December 1919; towed barges to Indian Head, Piney Point, Portsmouth, Hampton Roads, Newport News, Quantico, and Dahlgren. Renamed Mendota and classified district tug (YT-33) 20 November 1920; renamed Muscotah 30 January 1932. Placed out of service 4 November 1934; stricken from the Navy Register 8 January 1937; sold 30 April 1937 to Boston Iron & Metal Co., Baltimore, for $2,622.00. DANFS spec block: length 140', beam 26', draft 11', speed 12 knots, complement 36, armament 1 3-inch.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1898-1937
- Limitations
- Establishes identity, construction, service, renaming chain, and disposal. Contains no asbestos, insulation, or materials statement; supports no asbestos claim. Cited via archived copy because the live NHHC page returns 404 - archive labeled as such, not presented as the live source.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-concord-sp773-04
-
[6]U.S. Naval Historical Center, Online Library of Selected Images - 'USS Concord (SP-773), 1917-1937. Later renamed Mendota and Muscotah (both as YT-33)' (ibiblio/HyperWar mirror of the official NHC page) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- Page narrative and photo captions NH 100874, NH 102827, NH 85990/85991/85992
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Naval Historical Center Online Library page (preserved at ibiblio/HyperWar) confirms the hull narrative: a 353-gross-ton tug built 1898 by Charles Hillman, Philadelphia; commandeered by the Navy from the Staples Transportation Company of New York City in September 1917 and later purchased outright; commissioned November 1917 after fitting out at the Boston Navy Yard; towed French submarine chasers Bermuda to Azores late 1917; Brest harbor tug through WWI and nearly a year after; Washington Navy Yard from late November 1919; redesignated YT-33 and renamed Mendota 1920; renamed Muscotah January 1932; out of service November 1934; sold end of April 1937. Photo captions (NH 100874, NH 102827, NH 85990-92) add that the NH 100874 original print is in National Archives Record Group 19-LCM and give the precise rename dates (20 November 1920; 30 January 1932).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1898-1937
- Limitations
- Official NHC content preserved on the ibiblio mirror (live, verified 2026-10-04); the same page exists on shipscribe.com. Acquisition wording differs from DANFS ('commandeered... later purchased outright' vs 'purchased 22 September 1917') - reconciled in the correction row. Contains no asbestos or materials statement; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-concord-sp773-05
-
[7]NavSource Naval History, Section Patrol Craft Photo Archive, file 12/170773 - Muscotah (YT 33) ex-Mendota (YT 33) ex-Concord (SP 773) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Page header, chronology, specifications block, photo captions, commanding-officers table
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NavSource Section Patrol Craft archive page for Muscotah (YT 33) ex-Mendota (YT 33) ex-Concord (SP 773): 'Tug/Minesweeper' header; acquired by the Navy 3 November 1917 from Staples Transportation Company of New York City; commissioned USS Concord (SP 773) 20 November 1917; placed in service December 1919 at the Washington Navy Yard; renamed and reclassified Mendota (YT 33) 20 November 1920; renamed Muscotah 30 January 1932; placed out of service 4 November 1934; sold 30 April 1937; fate unknown. Specifications: displacement 353 t, length 140', beam 26', draft 11'6", speed 12.5 kts, complement 36, armament one 3"/50 mount and two machine guns, propulsion two single-ended boilers with one 750-hp vertical triple-expansion steam engine and one shaft. Call signs: George-Sail-Mike-Nan (as Concord); Negative-Affirmative-Tare-Mike (1931, as Mendota). Commanding officers listed: LTJG Enoch M. Gracie USNRF (20 November 1917), LTJG Frank Hill Lemon USN (1918), ENS Edward W. Rowan USNRF (1919). 1932 photo at the Washington Navy Yard shows outboard tug Choptank (YT-36), ex-Shenandoah, ex-Francis B. Hackett (ID-1611).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1898-1937
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled archive assembled from official Navy photographs and records; acquisition date (3 November 1917) conflicts with DANFS 'purchased 22 September 1917' - carried as a source conflict in the correction row, DANFS controlling. Spec deltas vs DANFS (draft, speed, armament) also in the correction row. Contains no asbestos or materials statement; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-concord-sp773-06
-
[8]DANFS Concord III entry (Wayback capture); NHC Online Library page (ibiblio); NavSource 12/170773; Shipscribe SP-ID register page 'SP-ID: Harbor and Service' (private compilation reproducing official register data) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Shipscribe SP-ID row for SP 773 ('CONCORD TUG YT 353 1898 22.9.1917 30.4.1937 Sold... To YT-33 ca. 17 Jul 20... 2 funnels'); NavSource chronology and specs; DANFS entry
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Source conflicts resolved: (a) Acquisition - DANFS states 'purchased by the Navy on 22 September 1917,' the NHC Online Library page says 'commandeered... in September 1917' and 'later purchased outright' (caption: 'acquired by the Navy on 22 September 1917'), and the Shipscribe SP-ID register carries '22.9.1917'; NavSource alone lists 'acquired by the Navy 3 November 1917.' The 22 September 1917 DANFS/NHC/SP-ID date is adopted as controlling; NavSource's 3 November 1917 is logged as the conflicting variant. (b) Specifications - DANFS draft 11'/12 knots/one 3-inch vs NavSource draft 11'6"/12.5 kts/one 3"/50 plus two machine guns; both carried per source, not merged. (c) YT-33 designation - Shipscribe's SP-ID register notes 'To YT-33 ca. 17 Jul 20' (the Navy-wide hull-classification effective date) while DANFS and NavSource date the Mendota renaming and YT-33 classification 20 November 1920; the November date is carried for the rename and the July 1920 scheme date noted. (d) Third-party transcription mirrors of the short-form DANFS entry (e.g., historycentral.com) carry corrupted dates - '16 December 1917' departure, '26 October 1919,' and a typo'd '1984' out-of-service year; the canonical DANFS text (15 December 1917; 25 October 1919; 4 November 1934) controls and the corrupted variants were not propagated.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1917-1937
- Limitations
- Resolves publication-level conflicts in secondary compilations; the DANFS dates are adopted where sources disagree. Shipscribe is a private transcription of official register data - used here only for registry-level fields cross-checked against NHHC/DANFS. No asbestos content in any cited source.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-concord-sp773-07
-
[9]Batch-8709 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS (archived); NHC Online Library/ibiblio; NavSource 12/170773; Shipscribe SP-ID; alias-name web sweeps; CourtListener name/hull searches (see ledger rows for status) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-concord-sp773-01 through sl-uss-concord-sp773-12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, museum record, or docketed case naming Concord (SP-773), Mendota (YT-33), or Muscotah (YT-33) was found in the public sources searched. The NHHC DANFS entry, NHC Online Library page, and NavSource page contain no asbestos, insulation, or material-condition statement. Web sweeps for the hull and all aliases return only law-firm marketing material (asbestos-ships.com, mesotheliomahelp.org, mesolawcenter.com, mesotheliomaveterans.org - banned-source class) that addresses the name-collision hulls USS Concord (CL-10) and USS Concord (AFS-5), not this vessel. CourtListener status recorded in the search_ledger (rows sl-uss-concord-sp773-05 through -08); see the ledger for whether the litigation check completed or was blocked this session.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 2026-10-04
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - an 1898 steam tug is era-consistent with asbestos-containing insulation, and the hull was scrapped in 1937, decades before any survey regime. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility. If the CourtListener rows show 'blocked,' litigation status is open rather than negative.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-concord-sp773-08
-
[10]NARA 'Logbooks of the US Navy at the National Archives' guidance page (RG 24 Entry 118; NAID 581208; Special List #44); NHC Online Library photo caption RG 19-LCM reference [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA logbooks guidance page (holdings, location, Special List #44); ibiblio NHC page caption for NH 100874
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - no research-room visit or reproduction order authorized): (a) The NHC photo caption states the original print of NH 100874 (Concord at the Boston Navy Yard, 1917) is in National Archives Record Group 19-LCM. (b) NARA holds U.S. Navy logbooks through 1940 at the National Archives in Washington, DC - principally RG 24 (Bureau of Naval Personnel), Entry 118, NAID 581208, indexed by Special List #44 by ship name and number; Concord/Mendota/Muscotah deck logs for 1917-1934, if extant, are the hull-specific operational and maintenance record where any materials or repair detail would appear. (c) RG 181 (naval shore establishments) Washington Navy Yard records would cover the tug's yard assignment; 1937 sale records would follow Navy disposal files.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-04
- Study period
- 1917-1937 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of logs or materials records for this hull is unknown until surveyed. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-concord-sp773-09