Evidence
14 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-14).
-
[1]research packet 1090-packet.md (1 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: MISMATCH
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-cottonwood-yn8-pkt-1090-packet-md
-
[2]Naval History and Heritage Command, DANFS, 'Buckeye (YN-8)' [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry body and spec block; live-verified 200 with browser UA (plain curl returns 404 artifact)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC DANFS entry 'Buckeye (YN-8)' (updated 12 Nov 2021, Raymond A. Mann): YN-8 laid down 17 March 1941 at Portland, Oregon, by Commercial Iron Works; launched 26 July 1941, sponsored by Miss Sara Ann Tefler; placed in service 5 September 1941, Lt. Elias Johnson, D-V(S), USNR, in charge. Fitted out at Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton; Thirteenth Naval District net duty until fall 1942; transferred to Alaska Sector, Dutch Harbor; placed in full commission 26 December 1942, Lt. Cmdr. Elias Johnson in command; tended nets and buoys at Dutch Harbor and, after May 1943, Attu. Redesignated AN-13 on 1 January 1944. Seattle overhaul 24 July - 11 September 1944; then ready-duty ship at Naval Net Depot, Tiburon, CA until 27 January 1945; ServRon 6, Seventh Fleet - Pearl Harbor, Funafuti, Manus, Hollandia; Philippines April 1945 (Leyte Gulf, then Manila Bay and Subic Bay). Went aground Subic Bay 17 July 1946; refloated 29 July with Elder (AN-20); towed to Alava Dock for repairs apparently never completed. Out of commission at Subic 4 March 1947; Pacific Reserve Fleet San Diego; stricken 1 July 1963; MARAD lay-up Suisun Bay; reacquired by Navy 5 May 1976 as salvage training hulk; status unknown as of June 1985. Spec block: 700 t trial, 163'2" x 30'6" x 11'8", 12.5 kt, complement 48, 1x3-inch + 2x.50-cal, class Aloe.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1940-1985
- Limitations
- Authoritative for identity, construction, and service history. Contains no asbestos, materials, or insulation information; supports no asbestos claim. DANFS '1 January 1944' redesignation date differs from the effective date 20 January 1944 in shipscribe class notes - see correction row.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cottonwood-yn8-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Service Ship Photo Archive, USS Buckeye (AN-13) page 09/18/18013 [other_primary]
- Locator
- Main entry: timeline, specifications, CO roster, 1981 Pearl Harbor hulk photograph
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource Service Ship Photo Archive page for USS Buckeye (AN-13): authorized as Cottonwood (YN-8); renamed Buckeye 16 October 1940; laid down 17 March 1941 at Commercial Iron Works, Portland OR; launched 26 July 1941; placed in service 5 September 1941; commissioned USS Buckeye (YN-8) 26 December 1942 at Dutch Harbor; redesignated Net Layer AN-13 1 January 1944; decommissioned 4 March 1947 (DANFS) or 25 July 1947 (muster sheets); Pacific Reserve Fleet San Diego Group; struck 1 July 1963; transferred 29 August 1962 to MARAD NDRF Suisun Bay; reacquired by Navy 5 May 1976 for salvage training hulk at Pearl Harbor; final disposition 'fate unknown'. Full commanding-officer roster (11 officers, LT Elias Johnson through ENS Walter Walden). Photo documents hulk at Naval Station Pearl Harbor November 1981.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1940-2019
- Limitations
- Volunteer-maintained photographic archive aggregating official data - treated as reliable secondary for dates/roster. The two-source decommission-date conflict (DANFS 4 Mar 1947 vs muster sheets 25 Jul 1947) is disclosed on the page itself; carried here unresolved. No asbestos content; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cottonwood-yn8-02
-
[4]Shipscribe.com, 'USS Aloe (AN-6) Class' (compiled from Navy Department records, 4 Jan 2009) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Class construction/disposition tables (row AN-13 BUCKEYE), class notes paragraph on 1 Jan 44 reclassification effective 20 Jan 44, ship notes table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Shipscribe Aloe (AN-6) class page: class construction table - BUCKEYE ordered 27 July 1940, Commercial Iron Works, keel 17 March 1941, launch 26 July 1941, in service 5 September 1941; ship note 'Ex YN-8 20 Jan 44. Ex COTTONWOOD 16 Oct 40. Comm. 26 Dec 42. In USN reserve 1947-62. To NDRF 29 Aug 62. From MA to Navy for salvage training 5 May 76.' Class notes: FY 1941 program; all 32 vessels reclassified AN on 1 Jan 44 effective 20 Jan 44; class machinery diesel-electric 800 SHP, 1 screw; complement 46 (1944). Disposition table: BUCKEYE decomm 4 Mar 47, strike 1 Jul 63, disposal 1 Jul 63, fate MA/R.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1940-1976
- Limitations
- Privately maintained compilation reproducing official Navy records - strong for dates and custody chain. The 'effective 20 Jan 44' note reconciles the DANFS 1 Jan vs 20 Jan discrepancy. No asbestos content; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cottonwood-yn8-03
-
[5]U.S. Maritime Administration, ShipHistory database - BUCKEYE (YN-8/AN-13), Detail 614, incl. digitized vessel status card [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- Detail page milestones table; status card PDF at /documents/22359c46-d57f-4894-a779-cc0126f93fa0.pdf
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- MARAD ShipHistory record BUCKEYE (YN-8/AN-13), Detail 614: year built 1941, Commercial Iron Works, Naval Auxiliary / AN Net Laying Ship, 163.10 ft x 30.50 ft; milestones - Entry/Acquisition 8/29/1962, Disposition and Withdrawal 5/5/1976 ('CUST 1963 NDRF 1962'); generic fate field 'Scrapped'. Digitized vessel status card (BUCKEYE - AN-13) records: Navy Dept. delivered to Reserve Fleet at Suisun Bay 8-29-62 2:30 PM PDST 'Navy / LU (Cust.)'; Navy Dept. to Maritime Admin. 7-1-63 12:01 AM PDST Suisun Bay 'MA (Cust.) / Perm. Tr.' - i.e., NDRF custody began 29 Aug 1962 while the ship remained Navy property, with permanent title transfer to MARAD 1 July 1963, the same day as striking from the Navy List.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1962-1976
- Limitations
- Authoritative for federal custody chain; resolves the apparent anomaly of transfer (Aug 1962) preceding striking (Jul 1963) - custody vs title. The MARAD 'Scrapped' fate tag is generic and undated; it does not document when or how the salvage-training hulk was disposed. No asbestos, materials, or condition information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cottonwood-yn8-04
-
[6]National Archives Catalog, file unit NAID 125524865 (RG 24, series 594996) [other_primary]
- Locator
- File-unit description page; 278 digital images
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA Catalog file unit 'Buckeye (AN-13), 12/26/42-7/25/47' (NAID 125524865): digitized muster rolls for this hull spanning commissioning to decommissioning - RG 24 (Records of the Bureau of Naval Personnel), series 'Muster Rolls of U.S. Navy Ships, Stations, and Other Naval Activities' (NAID 594996), microfilm roll 849, 278 images online. Crew rosters document actual manning across the commissioned period.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1942-1947
- Population
- Ship's company, 1942-1947 (muster roll coverage)
- Limitations
- Muster rolls (personnel rosters), not deck logs; document manning and service period only. No materials/asbestos content; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cottonwood-yn8-05
-
[7]NARA deck-log inventory for YN-8 (per batch-9251 research context); NARA Catalog war-diary file units (e.g., COMINSHPAT 13th ND War Diary 6/1-30/42, NAID 133932298) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA Catalog search results for YN-8/AN-13; deck-log coverage dates per batch research context
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- NARA inventories deck logs for this hull under designation YN-8 covering 5 September 1941 - 31 March 1942 (the in-service pre-commissioning period at the Thirteenth Naval District). Live Catalog search additionally surfaced digitized WWII war-diary file units for the commands she reported to - COMINSHPAT 13th ND and COMNOWESTSEAFRON series - which contain operational context for her net-tending period.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1941-1942
- Limitations
- The YN-8 deck-log inventory line (9/5/1941-3/31/1942) comes from the batch research context; the specific file-unit record could not be relocated in live NARA Catalog search this session (catalog search is noisy and its public API did not respond to non-browser requests). Deck logs record operations/positions, not materials - an archival lead, not an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cottonwood-yn8-06
-
[8]Era inference built on: DANFS spec block (Aloe class characteristics); shipscribe class notes (diesel-electric 800 shp plant chosen over British steam prototype); NavSource specifications (Enterprise diesels, Westinghouse gear, single screw) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS spec block; shipscribe AN-6 class notes; NavSource specifications block
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference: a 1941 steel-hulled diesel-electric net tender of the Aloe class carried no boilers or steam propulsion plant, so the heavy boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam ships does not apply. Period-typical asbestos applications aboard a Navy auxiliary of this era: diesel exhaust and muffler lagging, machinery gaskets and valve packing, electrical cable insulation, accommodation-space insulation board (e.g., Marinite-type sheet used Navy-wide in the period), and brake linings on the net-handling winches and windlass.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1940-1941 construction; 1941-1947 service
- Population
- Construction trades (Commercial Iron Works, Portland, 1941); crew in machinery spaces
- Limitations
- Design/era inference only - no document names this hull or its materials. The application list is typical-of-type reasoning, not ship-proven. Does not establish presence, quantity, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cottonwood-yn8-07
-
[9]GAO, 'Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure,' HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page (full text HTTP 403 to automated fetch - standing access gap; description-level use)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire construction (1940-41) and active service era (1941-47), its reserve-fleet lay-up, and its 1976+ salvage-hulk reuse.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- through early 1970s (policy period); report 1979
- Population
- Navy ship workers and crews, fleet-wide (program context)
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation of Navy-wide asbestos-insulation use; does not name this hull and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cottonwood-yn8-08
-
[10]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373 (DOI verified registered; publisher blocks automated fetch - 403 artifact)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical study documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and program under which this FY-1941 steel-hulled net tender was built at a commercial shipyard - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in naval and merchant hull construction.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1940s era documented; article 1987
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation of asbestos use in WWII shipbuilding generally; does not name this vessel and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cottonwood-yn8-09
-
[11]Mangold/Clark et al., 'A Visual Historical Review of Exposure to Asbestos at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard (1962-1972),' J. Toxicol. Environ. Health B 12(2) (2009); ATSDR Public Health Assessment, Bremerton Naval Complex including PSNS (Sept 16, 2005) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Article abstract (T&F DOI 10.1080/10937400902729176; publisher blocks automated fetch - 403 artifact); ATSDR PHA PDF https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/hac/pha/bremertonnavalcomplex/bremertonnaval091605pha.pdf (firecrawl-verified)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- Asbestos exposure at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard - where this hull fitted out in 1941 - is documented at yard level: a peer-reviewed visual historical review in J. Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B presents asbestos-exposure conditions at PSNS circa 1940-1965, and the Bremerton Naval Complex including PSNS is an EPA National Priorities List site (EPA Facility ID WA2170023418) with an ATSDR public health assessment (2005).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1940-1965 (documented exposure conditions)
- Population
- PSNS workers circa 1940-1965 (yard context)
- Limitations
- Yard-level documentation for the facility where the hull fitted out - no evidence ties specific asbestos work to this hull. The ATSDR PHA addresses site contamination broadly; the asbestos-specific element is the peer-reviewed pictorial review. Does not establish presence aboard, quantity, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cottonwood-yn8-10
-
[12]Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, 'Zidell Waterfront Property Cleanup' community presentation (Scott Manzano, DEQ, 2012) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DEQ PDF: site history (Ironworks shipyard before WWII; Zidell 1946; 336 ships dismantled), contaminant list (asbestos), abatement project description
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- The builder's yard site is a documented asbestos cleanup site: Oregon DEQ's Zidell Waterfront Property cleanup record describes the former Commercial Iron Works shipyard site (built ~200 WWII ships incl. net tenders; sold to Zidell 1946; 336 ships dismantled over 30 years) with asbestos listed among site contaminants and a dedicated asbestos-abatement project (certified workers, air monitoring, bulk ACM disposal) completed under DEQ oversight - site ECSI No. 689, ROD 2005, construction completion 2012.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1946-2012 site operations and cleanup
- Population
- Shipbreaking and cleanup workers at the Portland site (yard context)
- Limitations
- Builder-yard SITE documentation only. The documented asbestos derives principally from Zidell's postwar shipbreaking (1946+) and other operations, not from this hull's 1941 construction; no tie to materials aboard this vessel. Does not establish presence aboard, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cottonwood-yn8-11
-
[13]NHHC DANFS (live); shipscribe AN-6 class notes/ship notes; NavSource AN-13 page [other_primary]
- Locator
- Shipscribe class notes paragraph 2 and ship notes row 13; DANFS body; NavSource timeline
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Source discrepancies resolved/disclosed: (a) Redesignation date - DANFS and NavSource give 1 January 1944 for AN-13; shipscribe class notes document the class-wide reclassification 'on 1 Jan 44 effective 20 Jan 44' and ship notes carry 'Ex YN-8 20 Jan 44'; the 1 Jan order/20 Jan effective reading reconciles the two circulating dates. (b) Decommission date - DANFS 4 March 1947 vs muster-sheet-derived 25 July 1947 (disclosed on NavSource itself); unresolved. (c) Sponsor name - live DANFS reads 'Sara Ann Tefler'; the older hazegray DANFS transcription carried 'Sara Ann Telfer'; the live NHHC text is adopted. (d) Name history - 'Cottonwood' was the authorized name only; the hull was renamed Buckeye 16 Oct 1940, five months before keel laying, and never served as Cottonwood. The 16 Oct 1940 date was a batch renaming of early Aloe-class hulls (shipscribe ship notes carry same-date 'ex <name>' entries for BOXWOOD ex-Birch, BUCKTHORN ex-Dogwood, CHINQUAPIN ex-Fir, ELDER ex-Juniper, HACKBERRY ex-Maple, HAZEL ex-Poplar, NUTMEG ex-Sycamore, PEPPERWOOD ex-Walnut).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 1940-1947
- Limitations
- Resolves publication-level date/name discrepancies; the 1947 decommission-date conflict remains genuinely unresolved between DANFS and muster-sheet-derived dates. No asbestos content in any of these sources.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cottonwood-yn8-12
-
[14]Batch-9251 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS; NavSource 18013 + Net Tender Stories; shipscribe AN-6 class page; MARAD ShipHistory 614 + status card; NARA Catalog; EPA/ATSDR/Oregon DEQ site records; CourtListener name/hull searches [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-cottonwood-yn8-01 through sl-uss-cottonwood-yn8-13
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, hull survey, or litigation naming this hull was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener name queries '"USS Buckeye"' opinion and docket each returned zero results; hull query '"AN-13"' opinion executed once and observed results were non-qualifying name collisions (e.g., State v. Fenter, 2022-Ohio-3279); '"AN-13"' docket query was never executed - fleet-wide pacing budget stayed spent (disclosed in ledger, not claimed as a negative).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-05
- Study period
- 2026-10-05
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1941 Navy auxiliary retaining period materials is era-consistent with asbestos-containing components. The 1976-87 salvage-hulk reuse (incl. live-fire firefighting training aboard, per the NavSource 'Net Tender Stories' veteran account) and undocumented final disposition leave hull condition unrecorded. Does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cottonwood-yn8-13