Evidence
17 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-17).
-
[1]research packet u-packet.md (6 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED. No phantom, no collision. Note — real identity: USS Crescent City (AP-40/APA-21); namesake: popular nickname for New Orleans, La. [DANFS mirror] http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USN/ships/dafs/APA/apa21.html (MIRROR-SOURCED)
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-crescent-city-apa21-pkt-u-packet-md
-
[2]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 3 (NAVSHIPS 250-012, 1945), auxiliaries - transports, attack (APA) section, per-hull rows for CRESCENT CITY APA-21 (shipscribe.com scan of the official BuShips publication) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v3 APA tables - dimensions/personnel/machinery/armament/construction rows for APA-21 CRESCENT CITY; vessel list index
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Official BuShips Ships' Data 1945 Vol. 3 carries per-hull rows for CRESCENT CITY APA-21: 491'0" overall; beam 65'6"; 25'8" limiting draft; 14,247 tons limiting displacement; designed speed 17.0 knots; personnel 36 officers + 498 enlisted ship's company with troop accommodations 58 officers + 1,012 enlisted; cargo 140,000 cu ft / 2,300 tons, largest boom 27 t; machinery 1 'G.E. turb' (General Electric geared turbine), 2 'B. & W. hdr' (Babcock & Wilcox header-type) boilers at 450 psi / 750 deg F, 7,800 shp, single screw; armament 4 x 3"/50 cal (D.P.) + 2 twin and 2 single 40mm + 20mm battery; builder Bethlehem Steel Corp., Sparrows Point, Md.; acquired 9 Jun 1941, commissioned 10 Oct 1941, converted Alabama D.D. & S.B. Co., Mobile.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1945
- Limitations
- Authoritative wartime BuShips publication naming this hull - confirms identity, machinery plant (including per-hull boiler make), manning, builder, conversion yard, and commissioning. OCR of the scanned tables is columnar and partially garbled; values cross-verified against DANFS, MARAD card data, NavSource, and the shipscribe class table. Contains no materials, insulation, or asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crescent-city-apa21-01
-
[3]DANFS, 'USS Crescent City (APA-21)' entry, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Naval History Division (live NHHC URL returns 404 - standing link rot, cf. BATCH-01; verbatim text via HyperWar/ibiblio transcription mirror) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- ibiblio HyperWar mirror dafs/APA/apa21.html - full DANFS entry text
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS records: launched 17 February 1940 as Del Orleans by Bethlehem-Sparrows Point Shipyard, Sparrows Point, Md., under a Maritime Commission contract, sponsored by Mrs. M. L. Pedrick; acquired by the Navy 9 June 1941; converted at Alabama Dry Dock and Shipbuilding Co., Mobile, Ala.; commissioned 10 October 1941, Commander Walter C. Calhoun in command; reclassified APA-21, 1 February 1943. Spec block: dp. 8,409; l. 498'; b. 56'6"; dr. 26'; s. 17 k.; cpl. 534; a. 4 x 3". War service: departed Norfolk 15 Dec 1941 for Pacific transport duty incl. Pearl Harbor evacuation runs and Efate advance-base lift; San Diego overhaul from 22 Apr 1942; Guadalcanal landings 7 Aug 1942 (four planes claimed); supply shuttles Espiritu Santo-Brisbane-Wellington-Noumea; air attack anchored off Guadalcanal 13 Aug 1943 (John Penn sunk); Empress Augusta Bay/Bougainville 1 Nov 1943; Emirau 11 Apr 1944; Guam 21-25 Jul 1944; Peleliu 15 Sep 1944; San Pedro Bay, Leyte 22 Oct 1944; converted at Pearl Harbor from 4 Mar 1945 to temporary hospital evacuation ship; Kerama Retto 6 Apr 1945; Okinawa casualty receiving ship through war's end; 1st Marines to Taku; Chinese troops Hong Kong-Chinwangtao/Tsingtao Nov 1945; Seattle 20 Dec 1945; east coast Feb 1946; Caribbean training duty to Oct 1947; San Francisco 1 Nov 1947; decommissioned 30 Apr 1948; 'transferred to the Maritime Commission 3 September 1948.' Ten battle stars for WWII service.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1940-1948
- Limitations
- Authoritative Navy history naming this hull - confirms identity chain (Del Orleans > AP-40 > APA-21), construction, conversion yard, commissioning, war service, decommissioning, awards. Known defects: (1) 'transferred to the Maritime Commission 3 September 1948' conflicts with the MARAD status card's permanent NDRF transfer 3 Sep 1958 - the card is a primary custody record and is carried (shipscribe concurs: 'In USN reserve 1947-58', strike 1 Oct 1958); (2) DANFS prints the 1st Marines Taku lift as '30 September and 6 October 1946' - the 1946 year is a transcription/typo (NavSource occupation-medal periods Sep-Dec 1945; ship was in the Atlantic/Caribbean by Feb 1946); (3) DANFS spec-block dimensions (498' x 56'6") conflict with the per-hull SDB/MARAD figures (491' x 65'6") - SDB carried. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crescent-city-apa21-02
-
[4]MARAD Vessel History Database, Ship History Detail 1137 - CRESCENT CITY (ex-DELORLEANS), MC hull 49, official no. 239932, MARAD_DESI C8-S1-81e; plus three status-card scans (incl. MA-383 custody card and an archived printout sheet) [marad_nrc]
- Locator
- vesselhistory.marad.dot.gov/ShipHistory/Detail/1137 - registry fields, milestones table, and status-card scan images (card set read during research)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- MARAD registry and status-card record for this hull: completed/delivered 23 Aug 1940 (yard hull 4338; official no. 239932; IMO 8424666 assigned later); requisitioned 3 Jun 1941; C8-S1-81e design; MARAD photo records place the ship fitting out at the U.S. Navy Yard, Charleston, Nov-Dec 1941; 491.0' x 65.5'; gross 7,987 / net 4,555; DWT 8,966; troop capacity 'Off. 58 Enl. 1012'; '30 TON BOOM' note; speed annotation 16.5 k. Custody chain on the cards: NDRF permanent-transfer delivery at Suisun Bay 3 Sep 1958 (correcting DANFS's '3 September 1948'); 'To WISCO, Richmond' 9 Jun 1970 - 'RETRN' 15 Jun 1970 'for hull survey'; 'California Maritime Academy (Training) - Loan - Suisun Bay 8-28-70'; returned to MARAD custody 17 Jul 1995; donation authorized under Sec. 3605 of the FY1998 DoD Authorization Act; 'X'fer ARTSHIP Foundation' 6 Aug 1999. Milestones table additionally lists 'CMA TS GOLDEN BEAR (#2)' event dated 28 Aug 1970.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1940-1999
- Limitations
- Primary federal custody record - controls the 1958 NDRF transfer date over DANFS's 1948 statement. Handwritten card entries are abbreviated ('WISCO' = Willamette Iron & Steel Corp.'s Richmond operation per context, full legal entity not printed); status-card images read via scans - transcription confidence high but not verbatim-certified. No asbestos, materials, or condition data.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crescent-city-apa21-03
-
[5]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive - USS Crescent City (APA-21) ex AP-40, ex SS Del Orleans, file 10/03/03021 [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 03021.htm - specifications block, campaign/medal tables, disposal entries, commanding-officer table
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource file corroborates and extends DANFS: launched 17 Feb 1940 as SS Del Orleans (MC hull 49) at Bethlehem-Sparrows Point Shipyard, Sparrows Point MD; acquired 9 Jun 1941; converted Alabama Dry Dock & Shipbuilding Co., Mobile; commissioned USS Crescent City AP-40 10 Oct 1941; reclassified APA-21 1 Feb 1943. Specs: 491' oa, beam 65'6", draft 25'9"; 8,889 t light / 14,247 t limiting; speed 17 k; 1 GE geared turbine, 2 B&W header-type boilers 450 psi / 750 deg F, single screw; complement 36 officers + 498 enlisted; troop capacity listed 1,102 [vs official 1,012 - digit discrepancy, see gaps]; armament 4 x 3"/50 DP, 2 twin 40mm, 20mm battery. Campaign table lists Guadalcanal, Bougainville, Emirau, Guam, Peleliu, Leyte, Okinawa operations and Navy Occupation Service Medal periods (2 Sep-7 Oct and 24 Oct-6 Dec 1945); ten battle stars. Disposal entries: decommissioned 30 Apr 1948; NDRF; loaned to California Maritime Academy 1971 as TS Golden Bear II; returned to MARAD 1995; 'sold February 2004 for scrapping at Brownsville, Texas' [sale-intent entry; actual 2012 arrival documented by shipscribe/court record - see gaps]; strike date 'unknown.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1940-2012
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary compilation consistent with NHHC/MARAD data; non-official. Known defects: 'sold February 2004 for scrapping' describes the Sanship purchase intent - the hull in fact remained at Mare Island until January 2012 (shipscribe + court record); strike date left unknown; enlisted troop figure 1,102 conflicts with SDB/MARAD '1,012.' Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crescent-city-apa21-04
-
[6]Shipscribe U.S. Navy auxiliary ships data sheets, 'USS Crescent City (APA-21) Class' page (Stephen S. Roberts compilation from Navy registers, BuShips/SCB design records, and MARAD files) [other_primary]
- Locator
- APA-21 class page: characteristics block, construction table (APA-21 row), disposition table (APA-21 row), ship notes (APA-21 note)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Ship-design compilation naming this hull as class lead: CRESCENT CITY APA-21 ex AP-40 ex Del Orleans, MC hull 49, Maritime Commission contract dated 16 Dec 1938, keel 8 May 39, launch 17 Feb 40, delivered 23 Aug 40 to Mississippi Shipping Co. (Delta Line, New Orleans-South America trade), acquired 9 Jun 41, commissioned 10 Oct 41; disposition row - decommissioned 30 Apr 48, 'In USN reserve 1947-58' [sic], struck 1 Oct 58, to NDRF 3 Sep 58; ship note chain - loaned to California Maritime Academy 28 Aug 70 (commissioned TS Golden Bear II Jun 71); returned to MARAD 17 Jul 95; to Artship Foundation 7 Aug 99; evicted by Port of Oakland, sold to Sanship Inc., moved to Mare Island 23 Feb 04; to International Data Security 'Pacific Star' 2007; sold at U.S. Marshal's auction to Esco Marine; departed Mare Island Jan 2012 under tow; arrived Brownsville TX 21 Feb 2012 for scrapping. Class table: C3-P&C 'Del' design; 8,889 t light / 14,247 t lim; 491' x 65'6" x 25'8"; complement 513 (1944); 17 kts; 7,800 shp turbine 1 screw; sister APA hulls Charles Carroll APA-28, Monrovia APA-31, Calvert APA-32.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1939-2012
- Limitations
- Compiled secondary transcription of official Navy register/design/MARAD records, not the registers themselves; consistent with SDB 1945 v3, DANFS, and MARAD cards. Resolves the custody chain through the 2012 arrival at Brownsville. Class complement '513 (1944)' differs from SDB per-hull 534 - basis difference flagged in gaps. Contains no asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crescent-city-apa21-05
-
[7]California Maritime Academy official archive - TS Golden Bear II history page (state maritime academy's institutional archive) [museum_official]
- Locator
- maritime-archive.calpoly.edu - Golden Bear II ship page
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- CMA archive confirms the Golden Bear II era: the ex-Crescent City was loaned by MARAD and commissioned as the Academy's second training ship, TS Golden Bear II, in June 1971; she made 28 major ocean-training cruises between 1971 and 1995; she was decommissioned and returned to MARAD in July 1995. The archive's ship history identifies the hull's prior identity (USS Crescent City APA-21 / ex-SS Del Orleans, built for Mississippi Shipping Co.'s New Orleans-South America coffee trade) consistent with the Navy/MARAD record.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1971-1995
- Limitations
- Official institutional archive for the operator period (1971-1995); no engineering, materials, or asbestos documentation on the page - supports identity and era only. Decommissioning date given as July 1995 (MARAD custody receipt reads 17 Jul 1995).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crescent-city-apa21-06
-
[8]U.S. EPA Region IX news release, 'EPA Blocks Export of PCB-Contaminated Ship' (4 May 2004), archived EPA newsroom release [other_primary]
- Locator
- epa.gov archive newsroom release fe0fc3a3cf005463852570d8005e163b (Region IX, 4 May 2004)
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- EPA Region IX announced it had boarded the former USS Crescent City (then moored at the former Mare Island Naval Shipyard and scheduled for export to China for recycling), conducted a two-day inspection, collected more than 20 samples including oil, paint, gaskets, and electrical cables, and found PCB concentrations greater than 125,000 ppm - far above the 50 ppm TSCA export threshold - blocking the vessel's export pending proper removal and disposal of the PCBs.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 2004
- Population
- 2004 export/recycling workforce and inspectors (Mare Island layup site)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific federal environmental record for THIS hull - establishes regulated-material content (PCBs) and a documented federal boarding/sampling event, but the published findings address PCBs only: no asbestos sampling results are reported, so the release does NOT establish asbestos content aboard. It does corroborate that the hull underwent official pre-export hazardous-material scrutiny in 2004.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crescent-city-apa21-07
-
[9]Payne v. General Electric Co., No. 2:20-cv-01198-TLN-AC (E.D. Cal.), Order at ECF No. 228, filed 26 September 2025 (Nunley, J.) - on Plaintiffs' Motion for Summary Adjudication (ECF 178) and General Electric's Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF 179). Full order text reviewed (posted PDF copy; PACER docket 2:20-cv-01198 is the authoritative source). [court_record]
- Locator
- ECF No. 228 (order, 25 pp.): background pp. 1-4; GE turbine/required-incorporation analysis pp. ~12-13; causation analysis pp. ~14-16; disposition p. 25. Accessible copies: brownsims.com posted PDF (defense-firm host - document itself is the court order); exa.ai legal corpus mirror; plainsite.org docket for 2:20-cv-01198
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Ship-specific asbestos litigation record reaching summary-judgment stage. The order expressly identifies Golden Bear II as the hull originally built as SS Del Orleans, acquired by the Navy as USS Crescent City and later loaned to the California Maritime Academy. Recorded findings: plaintiff Dennis C. Payne was a CMA engineering student aboard the hull Aug 1972-Jul 1975; in Feb 1975 the ship suffered a turbine problem during Panama maneuvers and Academy engineering personnel/students removed horizontal-joint insulation from the high-pressure section of the GE turbine while Payne observed (he did not personally remove insulation or open the turbine). The court held a reasonable jury could find the GE turbine required incorporation of asbestos-containing parts (construction specifications, testimony that asbestos insulation was preferred at the time, and evidence concerning identical GE turbines on DD-692-class destroyers) and that sufficient evidence existed to find Payne exposed to asbestos insulation related to the GE turbine. Disposition: GE's summary judgment DENIED on causation, duty-to-warn, and punitive-damages availability; GRANTED only as to the loss-of-consortium claim. Plaintiffs' summary adjudication GRANTED on defendants' superseding-cause defense and Redco's sophisticated-purchaser defense; DENIED on the government-contractor defense. Parties ordered to file a Joint Notice of Trial Readiness within 30 days - core exposure claims survived toward trial. Payne died of alleged mesothelioma during the litigation; case originally filed as Payne v. ABB, Inc. (June 2020, then-Judge England; later reassigned TLN-AC).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 2020-2025 (litigation); exposure period 1972-1975
- Population
- California Maritime Academy engineering students/staff aboard TS Golden Bear II (1972-1975 era); turbine-repair participants Feb-Mar 1975
- Limitations
- Litigation-stage discipline: this is a summary-judgment order - it finds the exposure evidence SUFFICIENT FOR A JURY, it is not a verdict, affirmed judgment, or judicial finding that this hull's insulation was asbestos; Payne's exposure claim remained unadjudicated at record date. Deposition-based descriptions (Payne's observations, Poulson's abatement testimony) are sworn litigation evidence, not a survey. Post-order case status (trial/settlement) not located. Source provenance: full order text obtained from a law-firm-posted PDF and mirrored on a legal-corpus site (exa.ai) because the CourtListener opinion index did not surface this order; citation is to the court document itself (docket 2:20-cv-01198-TLN-AC, ECF 228), with PACER as authoritative repository.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crescent-city-apa21-08
-
[10]Payne v. General Electric Co., No. 2:20-cv-01198-TLN-AC (E.D. Cal.), Order at ECF No. 228 (26 Sep 2025), citing deposition evidence incl. plaintiffs' expert Michael Poulson (ECF No. 199-13 deposition excerpts) [court_record]
- Locator
- ECF No. 228 order pp. ~8-9 and ~14-16 (Poulson deposition discussion; photographs); underlying deposition ECF No. 199-13
- Finding type
- abatement_record
- Finding
- Sworn testimony within the Payne record documents an asbestos-abatement event aboard this hull: plaintiffs' expert Michael Poulson testified that he personally performed asbestos insulation abatement work on the Golden Bear II in the early 1980s, and identified the insulation visible in Payne's photographs of the 1975 turbine work as asbestos. The order also records the February-March 1975 disturbance event itself: Academy chief engineer, instructors, and students removed horizontal-joint insulation from the GE turbine's high-pressure section during the Panama repair port call.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1975; early 1980s
- Population
- Aboard-ship insulation/abatement workforce early 1980s (CMA era); 1975 turbine-repair participants
- Limitations
- Abatement testimony exists only as litigation deposition evidence reviewed at summary judgment - it is not an abatement contract, survey, or regulator record; scope, dates, and quantities of the early-1980s abatement work are not itemized in the order. Carries litigation-evidence weight only; establishes that a sworn witness identified asbestos insulation aboard this hull, not an adjudicated materials finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crescent-city-apa21-09
-
[11]Batch-2282 search ledger (this record): DANFS via HyperWar mirror; MARAD Vessel History Detail 1137 + status-card scans; BuShips SDB 1945 v3 per-hull rows; NavSource 03021; shipscribe APA-21 class page; CMA archive; EPA Region IX release; federal court order review; CourtListener authenticated API sweeps; indexed-web litigation check; VA BVA index check; NARA record-group guides [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-crescent-city-apa21-01 through sl-uss-crescent-city-apa21-16
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Outside the Payne litigation record, no independent ship-specific asbestos record was located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, NDRF disposal certificate, or NHPA/historic-preservation determination naming USS Crescent City / APA-21 / AP-40 / MC hull 49 / SS Del Orleans / TS Golden Bear II / Artship / Pacific Star was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). EPA's documented 2004 boarding sampled and reported PCBs only. Law-firm marketing pages (asbestos-ships.com hull page and similar ship-list sites) assert era-typical asbestos content for this hull without primary support - excluded as a source per the no-law-firm-sources rule and logged in the batch report.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 2026-09-25
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos - here the litigation record supplies ship-specific asbestos evidence, but the hull still lacks a government asbestos survey or abatement contract; the early-1980s abatement work attested in deposition is undocumented outside that testimony. Does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crescent-city-apa21-10
-
[12]Basel Action Network / Earthjustice advocacy releases on the 2004 Crescent City export controversy (indexed-web copies incl. cpeo.org reposts) [other_primary]
- Locator
- BAN/CPEO reposted releases (2004) - search_ledger sl-uss-crescent-city-apa21-13
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- Environmental-advocacy releases during the 2004 export controversy characterized the hull as 'an ex Naval vessel full of PCBs and asbestos' - an assertion consistent with the era but made without a disclosed survey basis in the cited material.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 2004
- Limitations
- Advocacy characterization, not a primary survey or government finding; the 'asbestos' assertion is unverified and is logged as context only - it is NOT used as evidence of asbestos content aboard the hull. EPA's own release (ev-07) reports PCB findings only.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crescent-city-apa21-11
-
[13]CourtListener API v4 docket-level results for 'Pacific Star' plus corroborating PacerMonitor/UniCourt docket pages: Marine Design & Operations, LLC v. S.S. Pacific Star (N.D. Cal. 3:08-cv-03397); Esco Marine v. S.S. Pacific Star (N.D. Cal. 3:08-cv-05575); Esco Marine Inc. v. S.S. Pacific Star (E.D. Cal. 2:11-cv-01353-KJM-CKD) [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger sl-uss-crescent-city-apa21-11; PacerMonitor case pages for 2:11-cv-01353
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- Three docketed in rem admiralty cases name this hull as S.S. Pacific Star (the ex-Crescent City during its 2007-2012 ownership): two 2008 N.D. Cal. proceedings and the E.D. Cal. Esco Marine case under which the 2011 U.S. Marshal's auction occurred; the E.D. Cal. docket was dismissed for lack of prosecution April 2014 with $2,500 sale proceeds on deposit, and issued an order 23 June 2021 (sale-proceeds administration).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 2008-2021
- Limitations
- OTHER LITIGATION, not asbestos litigation - in rem arrest/sale proceedings; no exposure or materials findings. Documents custody/disposition chain only. Located via CourtListener type=r 'Pacific Star' sweep (145 results; the vessel-specific hits identified by caption) plus PacerMonitor/UniCourt docket pages.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crescent-city-apa21-12
-
[14]Consolidated era/design inference - BuShips SDB 1945 v3 per-hull machinery row for APA-21 + MC 'Pass. & Cargo'/C8-S1-81e type data [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v3 machinery table, APA section (CRESCENT CITY row); disturbance events per ev-02/03/05/08
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference: this hull carried a single-screw geared-steam plant (one General Electric geared turbine on two Babcock & Wilcox header-type boilers at 450 psi / 750 deg F, 7,800 shp) built 1939-40 as a Maritime Commission passenger-cargo liner and converted to a Navy transport in 1941 - the machinery configuration for which boiler and fireroom insulation, steam-line and turbine lagging, valve and flange gaskets, machinery packing, and accommodation insulation of the period were commonly asbestos-containing. Documented disturbance-phase events for this hull: the 1941 Alabama Dry Dock conversion; the 1945 Pearl Harbor temporary hospital-evacuation-ship conversion; the June 1970 WISCO Richmond hull survey and 1970-71 school-ship conversion; the February-March 1975 Panama turbine repair (insulation removal - litigation-recorded); early-1980s insulation abatement work (litigation-recorded); NDRF lay-ups 1958-1970 and 1995-1999; and the 2012 Brownsville dismantlement.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1939-2012
- Population
- Construction trades at Bethlehem-Sparrows Point (1939-40); Alabama DD conversion workforce (1941); wartime crew and embarked troops; Pearl Harbor conversion workforce (1945); WISCO Richmond survey workforce (1970); CMA cadets/staff (1971-1995); early-1980s abatement workers; NDRF layup/preservation crews; Esco Marine breaking workforce (2012)
- Limitations
- Inference from documented machinery plant and construction era for everything EXCEPT the litigation-recorded events - the 1975 turbine-insulation disturbance and early-1980s abatement carry deposition-level support (ev-08, ev-09), while all other phases have no materials documentation. Establishes no asbestos quantity, condition, individual exposure, or causation for the undocumented phases.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crescent-city-apa21-13
-
[15]Fleischer, W.E., Viles, F.J. Jr., Gade, R.L., and Drinker, P., 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels,' J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28(1):9-16 (Jan 1946), PMID 21016030 [other_primary]
- Locator
- PubMed record PMID 21016030; article pp. 9-16 (pipe covering material section)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- The U.S. Maritime Commission-commissioned industrial-hygiene survey of WWII pipe-covering operations at Navy and contract yards documented that 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels is amosite' - asbestos insulation was standard material in wartime naval-vessel construction of this hull's era and type.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- survey ~1944-45; published 1946
- Population
- WWII pipe coverers and insulators at Navy and contract yards (era context)
- Limitations
- Era-level documentation of asbestos use in naval construction generally; does not name this vessel, class, or builder yard and establishes nothing about this hull's materials, condition, or any individual exposure. (The study's exculpatory 'not a dangerous occupation' conclusion has since been heavily criticized - DOI 10.1177/10482911261446696.)
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crescent-city-apa21-14
-
[16]CourtListener API v4 authenticated searches (helper cl-auth-search.py), 2026-09-25 [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-crescent-city-apa21-06 through sl-uss-crescent-city-apa21-12
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- CourtListener sweep results: '"Crescent City" asbestos' opinions count=15, all reviewed hits name collisions (Louisiana/New Orleans parties and Crescent City, California place-name references); '"Delorleans"' count=0; '"Crescent City" "APA-21"' count=0; '"Golden Bear" asbestos' count=1 (In re Chemtura Corp., Bankr. S.D.N.Y. - 'Golden Bear' is an Oildale, CA refinery, not the vessel); '"Pacific Star"' dockets count=145, vessel-specific hits are the three in rem admiralty cases (other litigation, not asbestos); broad OR search '"USS Crescent City" OR "APA-21" OR "AP-40"' count=71 - reviewed hits are docket-number/party-name noise ('AP-40' matches unrelated docket strings). No CourtListener opinion names USS Crescent City / APA-21 / AP-40 as a vessel; the qualifying asbestos case (Payne v. GE, 2:20-cv-01198) was NOT indexed in CL opinions and was located outside CL - see ev-08.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 2026-09-25
- Limitations
- RECAP-indexed text only; pleadings naming the ship as 'Crescent City' or 'Golden Bear' under-resolve against place/entity names - under-coverage possible. The Payne docket query itself (type=r on case number) could not be completed because the fleet-wide pacing budget was spent - logged in sl-uss-crescent-city-apa21-12. Classified at sweep level - a name match is not a case; absence of docketed text does not prove no claim was ever filed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crescent-city-apa21-15
-
[17]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 24 (Navy deck logs), RG 19 (Bureau of Ships), RG 178 (U.S. Maritime Commission), RG 357 (Maritime Administration); plus E.D. Cal. docket 2:20-cv-01198 (full Payne record) and Alameda County Superior Court (2004 Artship preservation suit) [other_primary]
- Locator
- https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/024.html ; /groups/019.html ; /groups/178.html ; /groups/357.html ; PACER E.D. Cal. 2:20-cv-01198
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - requires research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): Navy deck logs for USS Crescent City 1941-1948 (RG 24, NARA College Park); BuShips records incl. the 1941 Alabama Dry Dock conversion file, 1945 hospital-evacuation-ship conversion records, and the Booklet of General Plans for this design (RG 19); USMC construction-contract records for MC hull 49 at Bethlehem-Sparrows Point (RG 178) - the construction specifications figure in the Payne required-incorporation analysis; MARAD/NDRF custody files covering the 1958 transfer, the June 1970 WISCO Richmond hull survey, the CMA loan agreement, the FY1998 Sec. 3605 Artship donation file, and 2004-2012 disposal correspondence incl. EPA coordination (RG 357); the full Payne docket incl. deposition transcripts (E.D. Cal. 2:20-cv-01198, PACER) - the most direct source for the documented abatement testimony; the 2004 Artship CEQA/preservation suit file (Alameda County Superior Court - not digitized).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-25
- Study period
- 1939-2025 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crescent-city-apa21-16