Evidence
7 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-7).
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[1]research packet ee-packet.md (3 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED. Sources — real identity: USS Crosby (DD-164); later APD-17 (22 Feb 1943). Wickes-class destroyer. Namesake: Rear Admiral Peirce Crosby (1824–1899).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-crosby-dd164-pkt-ee-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, Crosby (Destroyer No. 164), NHHC canonical page (live URL 404 on 2026-09-26; verbatim via Wayback capture 2025-12-09); independent verbatim transcription at losthistory.net/hazegray mirror [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry, specifications block + full service narrative (Crosby (Destroyer No. 164))
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: launched 28 September [1918 - NHHC page reads '1919', an internal typo; commission 24 January 1919 is controlling] by Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp., Quincy, Mass.; sponsored by Mrs. C. Tittman; commissioned 24 January 1919, LCDR F. T. Berry in command; Atlantic Fleet; Guantanamo exercises; plane guard at Trepassey Bay, Newfoundland, May 1919 for the first transatlantic seaplane crossing; Pacific Fleet from 1 July 1919, San Diego; reserve 30 January 1920; decommissioned 7 June 1922; recommissioned 18 December 1939; Neutrality Patrol out of San Pedro from 1 April 1940; 11th Naval District Defense Forces 1 July 1940; local patrol and convoy escort after U.S. entry; entered Mare Island Navy Yard 1 February 1943 for conversion to a high-speed transport, reclassified APD-17 on 22 February 1943; Pacific amphibious service - Guadalcanal screen, New Georgia, Treasury Islands, Bougainville, Cape Gloucester, Dekays Bay, Green Island, Emirau, Aitape, Biak, Humboldt Bay flagship, Cape Sansapor, Morotai; Suluan and Dinagat (Leyte), Ormoc Bay, recovery of Ward (DD-139) survivors, Mindoro, Lingayen Gulf, Nasugbu, Mariveles, Corregidor; Okinawa radar picket 18 April-18 May 1945, near-miss suicide plane 13 May; arrived San Francisco 19 June 1945; judged unfeasible to repair; decommissioned 28 September 1945; sold 23 May 1946. Navy Unit Commendation and 10 battle stars. Spec block: 1,060 t; 314'5" x 31'8" x 8'6"; 35 kt; complement 101; 4 x 4" guns; 21-inch torpedo armament; Wickes class.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1918-1946
- Population
- Fore River construction trades 1918; crews 1919-1922 and 1939-1945 (DANFS design complement 101)
- Limitations
- DANFS documents service history and specifications, not materials or asbestos content. The NHHC transcription reads 'launched 28 September 1919' - an internal impossibility (commissioning preceded it); all secondary compilations read 1918, which is carried. The older hazegray-mirror transcription reads 'decommissioned 28 September 1946' - a transcription typo; the NHHC page reads 1945 and the name was struck 24 October 1945 per secondary compilations. DANFS does not carry a striking date or buyer name.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crosby-dd164-01
-
[3]DANFS specifications block (Wickes class) + NavSource Wickes (Little) class record (Bethlehem design; geared turbines, 24,200 SHP, 2 screws; class machinery: Curtis turbines, Yarrow boilers) + Atlas shipyard dataset records fore-river-shipyard (tier 3) and mare-island-naval-shipyard (tier 2) [other_primary]
- Locator
- DANFS specifications block; navsource.net/archives/05/164.htm class block; shipyards.json records 'fore-river-shipyard', 'mare-island-naval-shipyard'
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/yard inference: a Bethlehem-design Wickes-class destroyer built 1918 with a four-boiler water-tube steam plant and geared turbines would have carried period-standard asbestos insulation on boilers and steam lines, gaskets, packing, and fireproofing - standard U.S. naval practice for steam plants of the era. Builder yard (Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp., Fore River, Quincy) and conversion yard (Mare Island Navy Yard) are documented at yard level in the Atlas shipyard dataset with asbestos-containing products (Fore River tier 3: pipe/boiler/turbine insulation, gaskets, packing, fireproofing; Mare Island tier 2: Unibestos, Marinite, Transite, Kaylo, Careytemp, packing, gaskets, refractory).
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1918-1945
- Population
- Fore River/Bethlehem construction trades 1918; Mare Island conversion workforce February 1943; crew 1919-1945
- Limitations
- Class/era and builder-yard inference only - no ship-specific finding for this hull exists (see ev-05 negative finding). Asbestos presence aboard DD-164 is not ship-proven; quantities, locations, and removal history unknown. NavSource is a secondary compilation, not an official source; machinery attribution is class-level.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crosby-dd164-02
-
[4]DANFS service narrative (conversion) + NavSource APD-17 archive page (post-conversion specifications) + class-level conversion accounts (forward boiler removal) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS narrative paragraph on 1943 conversion; navsource.net/archives/10/04/04017.htm specifications block
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Documented yard event aboard this hull: Crosby entered Mare Island Navy Yard, Vallejo, Calif., 1 February 1943 and emerged 22 February 1943 reclassified APD-17 as a high-speed transport. Class-level conversion practice removed the two forward boilers, torpedo tubes, and 4-inch armament and added troop accommodations (~12 officers, 150 enlisted) with davits for four landing craft and 3-inch/50, 40mm, and 20mm armament; NavSource's APD listing for this hull reads two Curtis geared turbines, two Yarrow boilers, two Westinghouse reduction gears, 27,000 shp, two shafts.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1943-02-01 to 1943-02-22
- Population
- Mare Island Navy Yard conversion workforce, February 1943
- Limitations
- The conversion event is ship-specific and DANFS-verified; the removal of boilers and installation of troop spaces is class-level/secondary detail. Asbestos scope of the conversion aboard this hull is inference - Mare Island is a yard with documented ACM products in the Atlas dataset, but no work order, specification, or material record for this hull's conversion was located. NARA RG 181 (Mare Island records) is the archival lead.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crosby-dd164-03
-
[5]CourtListener API v4 searches, 2026-09-26: type=o "USS Crosby" (0 results); type=r "USS Crosby" (0 results); type=o "USS Crosby" OR "U.S.S. Crosby" OR "DD-164" OR "APD-17" (1 result - name collision); type=r same OR query (41 dockets - all incidental string collisions, none qualifying) [court_record]
- Locator
- CourtListener API v4 type=o and type=r queries; Howze result at /opinion/7555677/
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No qualifying asbestos litigation naming USS Crosby / DD-164 / APD-17 located in CourtListener opinion or docket indexes. The single opinion hit - Howze v. State, Department of Administration, 341 So. 2d 548 (Fla. Dist. Ct. App. 1977), CourtListener opinion 7555677 - matched only because its docket number is literally 'No. DD-164' (a Florida retirement-benefits certiorari denial; not asbestos, not ship-related). 'Crosby' is a high-collision surname and Crosby Valve & Gage Co. is itself an asbestos-era valve manufacturer, so unqualified surname matches were not treated as vessel references.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26 (index coverage to date)
- Limitations
- CourtListener indexes are not a complete record of all asbestos filings - state-court dockets and unindexed pleadings are absent by design. Absence of an indexed case naming the hull does not prove no claim ever alleged exposure aboard; it establishes only that no qualifying hit exists in the searched index. All 41 RECAP docket hits were string collisions on 'DD-164'/'APD-17' (sealed exhibit numbering, e.g. 'Exhibit DD-164') - none asbestos-related, none vessel-related. One supplementary context query (aboard "Crosby" asbestos, type=o) could not obtain a fleet pacing token after repeated spaced attempts - logged in sl-13; the exact-phrase and hull-number sweeps above already cover that space.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crosby-dd164-04
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[6]Batch-3170 search ledger (this record): NHHC DANFS (canonical + mirror), NavSource photo archives, NARA catalog, Internet Archive, Wikimedia Commons/NHHC photo records, CourtListener opinion and docket indexes, law-firm/marketing vessel pages (excluded per rules) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-crosby-dd164-01 through sl-uss-crosby-dd164-10
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, materials list naming this hull, or docketed case naming the Crosby (DD-164/APD-17) was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). The hull was scrapped in 1946, pre-dating asbestos surveys, environmental records, and modern abatement documentation entirely.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - WWI-era steam destroyers are consistent with retained era insulation practice, and scrapping predates documentation regimes. Does not establish that asbestos is or is not present; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crosby-dd164-05
-
[7]NavSource Naval History archive pages for USS Crosby (DD-164) and (APD-17); corroborating The Dreadnought Project entry (tfs/index.php/U.S.S._Crosby_(1918)) which cites official data [other_primary]
- Locator
- navsource.net/archives/05/164.htm (Operational and Building Data; Fate) and /archives/10/04/04017.htm (Final Disposition)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Details from secondary compilations of official records: laid down 23 June 1918 at the Fore River yard, Quincy (Bethlehem 'Little'-group design); designated DD-164 under the alphanumeric hull system on 17 July 1920; APD conversion window 1-22 February 1943 at Mare Island Navy Yard; name struck from the Naval Register 24 October 1945; sold 23 May 1946 to Boston Metals, Baltimore, and broken up for scrap.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1918-1946
- Limitations
- NavSource and The Dreadnought Project are private compilations transcribing official records (Ships' Data Book, Naval Vessel Register); the underlying NVR card is not directly retrievable for a hull stricken decades before digitization, so these details carry partial verification. The sale date (23 May 1946) is also in DANFS (verified); the laid-down date, Fore River yard attribution, striking date, and buyer identity rest on the secondary compilations.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crosby-dd164-06