Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
-
[1]research packet ia-packet.md (9 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: MISMATCH
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-crosley-de108-pkt-ia-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, Crosley (DE-108) (transcribed from DANFS 1969 Vol. 2 p.210; verbatim transcription with editorial bracket citing Conway's, Jane's 1963-64, and Bauer & Roberts Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry, CROSLEY (DE-108) section incl. editorial bracket
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: named for Rear Admiral Walter Selywn Crosley (USNA 1893; Navy Cross; Navy hydrographer; Navy General Board member; d. 6 January 1939). 'CROSLEY (DE-108) was transferred to France under lend lease 11 February 1944 and renamed TUNISIEN. She was transferred permanently to France under the Mutual Defense Assistance Program 21 April 1952.' Editorial bracket in the transcription relays: TUNISIEN returned to the U.S. Navy May 1964 (Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships); TUNISIEN stricken from the French Navy 1960 (Jane's Fighting Ships 1963-64); and Bauer & Roberts: built by Dravo Corp of Wilmington, Del.; laid down 23 June 1943; launched 17 December 1943; commissioned into the U.S. Navy 10 February 1944; stricken from the Navy Register 14 May 1952.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1943-1964
- Population
- Dravo Corp. construction trades 1943-44; FNFL and French Navy crews 1944-1960
- Limitations
- DANFS documents identity and service history, not materials or asbestos content. Live NHHC page returns 404; verbatim hazegray/losthistory transcription cited. The bracketed portion relays secondary references (Conway's, Jane's, Bauer & Roberts) and conflicts with other sources on the USN-commissioning question and stricken date - carried unreconciled in gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crosley-de108-01
-
[3]alabordache.fr, 'La Marine nationale en Photo: Escorteur Tunisien' presentation page (veterans' site transcribing the retired official Marine nationale ship-presentation format) + netmarine.net 1956 fleet list entry TUNISIEN F706 [other_primary]
- Locator
- alabordache.fr escorteur Tunisien presentation2.php (presentation generale, mission, commandant fields) and photo.php captions (first-crew FNFL composition); netmarine.net/bat/listes/flot1956.htm
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- French-side record for this hull: launched 17 December 1943 at Wilmington-Delaware; 'Mis en service le 11 fevrier 1944 a Philadelphie' - placed in service 11 February 1944 at Philadelphia; hull number F706 on the 1956 netmarine fleet list (1650 t, 6000 CV, 19 kn). Service: for months Tunisien helped stockpile materiel in North Africa and Corsica, then 'eu le grand honneur de faire partie de l'armada interalliee qui, le 15 aout 1944, amena sur les cotes de Provence l'armee liberatrice' - part of the inter-allied armada that landed the liberation army on the Provence coast 15 August 1944 (Operation Anvil-Dragoon). Commanders listed include CC Burin des Roziers (1943-44 fitting-out) and CC Andre Rouan, who died in service command at Madagascar (Nosy-Varika boat accident, 1947 campaign per veteran accounts on the same page); a first-crew veteran records embarking on Tunisien at the Philadelphia Navy Yard in late December 1943, the ship then 'a l'arsenal de Philadelphie' under Cdt Burin des Roziers.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1943-1960
- Population
- FNFL/French Navy crews 1944-1960 (incl. Philadelphia Navy Yard takeover period); French dockyard personnel
- Limitations
- Secondary hosting: alabordache is a community-maintained veterans' site whose 'presentation' fields transcribe the retired official Marine nationale ship pages - directionally authoritative but not itself an official domain; individual crew reminiscences on the page are firsthand but informal. Documents operations and custody only - no material or asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crosley-de108-02
-
[4]uboat.net Allied Warships, FFL Tunesien (ex-USS Crosley DE-108) ship page + convoy UGS-40 escort reconstruction [other_primary]
- Locator
- uboat.net ship page FFL Tunesien (ship/7791) and convoy UGS-40 entry (23 Apr 1944)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Specialist convoy-war reference for this hull: 'Laid down as USS Crosley (DE 108). Transferred to the Free French upon completion. Decommissioned in May 1964. Sold to be broken up for scrap.' Laid down 23 June 1943, launched 17 December 1943, commissioned (Free French) 11 February 1944, end of service May 1964. Operational record: Tunisien is listed among the Task Force 61 escorts of convoy UGS-40 (departed Hampton Roads 23 April 1944, alongside USCGC Campbell and escorts incl. USS Evarts, Wyffels, Decker, Dobler, Walter S. Brown, Wilhoite, Cockrill, and French patrol vessel Cimeterre); the convoy survived a massed German air attack of roughly 62 aircraft off Cape Bengut, Algeria, on 11 May 1944 with no ships hit.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- French convoy-escort crew, April-May 1944 (UGS-40)
- Limitations
- uboat.net is a respected specialist database reconstructing convoy compositions and movements from war diaries/convoy reports (underlying primary records are NARA RG 38 material); documents operations only - no material or asbestos content. Spelling rendered 'Tunesien' in the database.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crosley-de108-03
-
[5]Revue historique des armees 187 (1992), 'La Marine en Algerie' (persee.fr scholarly repository) [other_primary]
- Locator
- RHA 187 (1992) 'La Marine en Algerie', section 'Les destroyers d'escorte'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- French military-history journal record covering this hull collectively: the six US-built destroyer escorts ceded to France in 1944 were named Hova, Algerien, Marocain, Tunisien, Senegalais and Somali; the eight further transfers of 1950-52 (Kabyle, Soudanais, Arabe, Touareg, Bambara, Sakalave, etc.) followed; the type 'participe aux operations de surveillance en Algerie de 1955 a 1959' - surveillance operations off Algeria 1955-59.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1944-1959
- Population
- French Navy crews, Algerian surveillance operations 1955-59
- Limitations
- Peer-reviewed military-history journal (Service historique lineage) but a collective assertion across the six-hull group - Tunisien is named in the 1944-transfer roster; individual Algerian-surveillance participation by this specific hull within 1955-59 is implied by type-level statement, not individually itemized. No material or asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crosley-de108-04
-
[6]NavSource DE-108 photo index referencing U.S. National Archives RG 19-N photographs 19-N-65940 A, 19-N-65941, 19-N-65942 (18 April 1944, Delaware River off Philadelphia Navy Yard, FNS Tunisien T-23) [other_primary]
- Locator
- navsource.org/archives/06/108.htm (ex-Crosley DE 108 / M.N. Tunisien F-6); navsource.org/archives/10/04/04087.htm (Crosley DE-226/APD-87 name-reassignment record); NARA photo nos. 19-N-65940 A/-65941/-65942
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- U.S. Navy photographs in the National Archives (RG 19-N series, nos. 19-N-65940 A, 19-N-65941, 19-N-65942) document FNS Tunisien (T-23) on the Delaware River off the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 18 April 1944 - this hull in French service during the post-transfer fitting-out period. NavSource index also records: transferred under lend/lease to Free France as Tunisien (T23) 11 February 1944, 'never commissioned in USN'; designation F06 (c.1948) then F706 (1951); struck from the NVR 21 April 1952 on MDAP transfer; returned to U.S. custody May 1964, scrapped. The same archive family documents the name reassignment: the Crosley name passed to DE-226, laid down at Philadelphia Navy Yard, launched 12 February 1944 (christened by the same namesake's widow, Mrs. Walter Selwyn Crosley), reclassified Crosley-class APD-87 on 17 July 1944 and commissioned USS Crosley (APD-87) 22 October 1944 - the collision hull for all later 'USS Crosley' references.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1944
- Population
- French crew during Philadelphia fitting-out period, early 1944
- Limitations
- Photo index references NARA-held original negatives (RG 19-N) - archival lead; the catalog entries confirm the hull's French-service status and dates but contain no material or asbestos information. NavSource's note 'designation changed to Somali (F06)' is an indexing typo - F06/F706 apply to Tunisien per navypedia and the 1956 fleet list; Somali was the sister ship ex-DE-111.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crosley-de108-05
-
[7]Cannon-class (DET) class profile (cannon-class.class.json: navypedia DET table + BuShips Ships' Data 1945) + GAO HRD-80-2 (Navy asbestos-substitution era) + DANFS specifications context [other_primary]
- Locator
- cannon-class.class.json (DET machinery + era analysis); GAO HRD-80-2 product page (full text HTTP 403 - standing); DANFS/NavSource class data
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference for a diesel-electric escort built mid-1943 at Dravo Corp., Wilmington DE: DET design - 4x General Motors 16-278A diesel-generator sets, electric drive, 6,000 shp, 2 shafts, ~21 kt; NO boilers or steam plant, so the steam-ship boiler/lagging categories do not apply. Plausible era asbestos applications concentrate in diesel-engine and exhaust-system insulation, gaskets and packing throughout the engineering spaces, electrical insulation/cable, deck coverings, accommodation-space insulation, and brake/friction linings on winches and windlass. GAO HRD-80-2 documents that Navy-wide asbestos substitution did not begin until the early 1970s - this hull was built squarely inside the asbestos era and left effective U.S. custody within weeks of completion.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1943-1964
- Population
- Dravo Corp. construction trades 1943-44; FNFL/French Navy crews 1944-1960; disposal/scrapping workers 1964
- Limitations
- Class/era and design inference only - no hull-level material schedule, insulation specification, or survey exists in the public record for this ship; two decades of French custody mean any original-material changes (refits, re-equipment) are undocumented. Does not establish presence, absence, or quantity of ACM aboard at any period.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crosley-de108-06
-
[8]Batch-4012 search ledger (this record): DANFS (mirror); NVR; NARA 19-N photo series via NavSource; uboat.net; alabordache/netmarine; navypedia; Persee RHA 187; CourtListener/PACER ship-name sweep (see sl-uss-crosley-de108-09 for status) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-crosley-de108-01 through sl-uss-crosley-de108-09
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, material schedule, museum hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming DE-108 / Crosley (DE-108) / Tunisien was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CourtListener: 'USS Crosley' opinions zero hits; 'DE-108' opinions 67 hits, all ECF docket-entry citations ([DE-108] = Document Entry 108), no hull references; 'Tunisien' opinions 2 hits, both adjective collisions (Tunisian trade/sovereign-immunity context); 'Crosley' + asbestos dockets 73 hits dominated by party-surname and bankruptcy-docket collisions incl. Crosley v. A P Green Industries (plaintiff surname, not the vessel). Hull scrapped overseas 1964 - no extant hull to survey. Law-firm listicles enumerate 'Crosley (DE-108)' in wholesale destroyer-escort asbestos lists; excluded as non-authoritative marketing content asserting nothing about this specific hull.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 2026-09-28
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1943-built hull in continuous front-line French service for ~20 years is consistent with retained era materials, but the scrapped/foreign-custody history makes the material question unanswerable from public sources. Does not establish that asbestos was or was not present; does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crosley-de108-07