Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
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[1]research packet ks-packet.md (3 sources cited) [nhhc_danfs]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED — real identity: USS Cross
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-cross-de448-pkt-ks-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, Cross (DE-448) (namesake, builder, launch/commission, service narrative, reserve placements; verbatim transcription - live NHHC page serves 404; matching text confirmed in a 2025-12-09 Wayback capture of the NHHC page) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry, specifications block + service narrative; Wayback capture 2025-12-09 of https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/c/cross.html
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS record for this hull: named for Lieutenant (j.g.) Frederick Cushing Cross, Jr. (born 8 July 1917, Lunenburg, Mass.; killed in action 7 August 1943 attacking an enemy submarine; posthumous Navy Cross); launched 4 July 1944 by Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., Kearny, N.J.; sponsored by Mrs. D.F. Cross; commissioned 8 January 1945, Lieutenant H.L. Minshall, Jr., USNR, in command; departed New York 22 March 1945, called at San Diego, arrived Pearl Harbor for additional training; sailed 8 May 1945 escorting a convoy to Ulithi; from 29 May to 11 September 1945 escorted supply convoys between Ulithi and Okinawa; after repairs at Okinawa called at San Diego and Boston, then placed out of commission in reserve at Green Cove Springs, Fla., 14 June 1946; recommissioned 6 June 1951 and assigned to the 1st Naval District as training ship for New England Naval Reservists; placed in reserve again 2 January 1958; one battle star for World War II service. Specifications block: 1,350 tons, 306 ft, 36 ft 8 in beam, 9 ft 5 in draft, 24 kt, complement 186, John C. Butler class.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1944-1958
- Population
- Federal Shipbuilding construction trades 1944-45; wartime and NRT-era crew (design complement 186)
- Limitations
- DANFS documents service history and specifications, not materials or asbestos content. Mirror transcription cited because the live NHHC page returns 404; the NHHC text was confirmed identical in a 2025-12-09 Wayback capture. The NHHC page renders the namesake 'Frederick Gushing Cross, Jr.' - a typo; Navy Cross award records read 'Frederick Cushing Cross, Jr.' (carried in gaps).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cross-de448-01
-
[3]NavSource Online Destroyer Escort Photo Archive, USS Cross (DE-448) building and operational data (via Wayback capture 2025-05-13; live host unreachable to automated fetch) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource DE-448 page, 'Building and Operational Data' chronology and photo captions
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Secondary compilation record for this hull: keel laid 19 March 1944 at Federal Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., Port Newark, N.J.; launched and christened 4 July 1944; commissioned 8 January 1945, Lt. H.L. Minshall, Jr., USNR, in command; decommissioned at Green Cove Springs, Fla., 14 June 1946; recommissioned 6 June 1951 and assigned to NRT, 1st Naval District, at the South Annex, Boston Naval Shipyard, Boston, Mass.; decommissioned at the Charleston Naval Shipyard 2 January 1958, custody to CO, Charleston Group, U.S. Atlantic Reserve Fleet; struck from the NVR 1 July 1966 with a total of 8 years of service; sold for scrapping 5 March 1968. NavSource photographs include a 1952 view moored at the Boston Naval Shipyard and a 1956 transit of the Cape Cod Canal, consistent with Boston-based reserve-training duty.
- Verification
- partial
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1944-1968
- Population
- NRT-era reservist trainees 1951-58; reserve-fleet and disposal-chain personnel 1958-1968
- Limitations
- NavSource is a volunteer-maintained secondary archive, not an official record - dates are consistent across NavSource, uboat.net, Wikipedia, and the John C. Butler class profile but are not confirmed against the primary NVR page (pre-1987 disposals are excluded from the live register). Complement figure conflicts with DANFS (NavSource 14 officers / 201 enlisted; DANFS 186) - carried in gaps. Establishes no asbestos facts.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cross-de448-02
-
[4]BuShips Ships' Data 1945 Vol. 1 design-group 6 (WGT) block + navypedia WGT page boiler map for the DE-438-452 block; DANFS specifications block [other_primary]
- Locator
- navypedia WGT page, DE-448 row and boiler block map; BuShips Ships' Data 1945 Vol. 1 design-group 6 table (shipscribe.com scan); DANFS spec block
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference: this hull's plant was the John C. Butler-class geared-turbine (WGT) installation - two superheated 'D'-type express boilers (435 psi / 750 deg F; Babcock & Wilcox for the DE-438-452 block per navypedia, which includes DE-448) driving two Westinghouse geared steam turbines at 12,000 shp. A superheated-steam plant of 1944-45 construction would have carried period-standard asbestos applications: boiler and steam-drum insulation, steam-line lagging, valve and flange gaskets, machinery packing, fireproofing, and deck coverings. Sister-hull litigation (USS Brannon DE-446, Jack v. Borg-Warner Morse Tec, W.D. Wash. 2:17-cv-00537, pretrial stage) identifies the era insulation-spec suite for these ships: BuShips Manual ch. 39 Thermal Insulation NAVSHIPS 250-000(39) (1945) and Navy Dept spec 32F3a 'Felt, Insulating, Asbestos' (Oct 1945).
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1944-1958
- Population
- Federal Shipbuilding construction trades 1944-45; wartime and NRT-era crew
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - NOT a hull-specific finding. No material schedule, insulation plan, or ship-specific spec for DE-448 was located; the named spec suite derives from litigation against a sister hull (DE-446) and is an archival lead, not a finding for this hull. Establishes no quantity, no individual exposure, no present-day material.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cross-de448-03
-
[5]Owens-Illinois, Inc., Industrial Health Survey of Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., Kearny, N.J. (Aug. 30-Sep. 2, 1944); introduced as Owens-Illinois interrogatory exhibit #20 in Heathman v. Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp., Brazoria County, Tex. (1990); carried in the Atlas shipyard dataset record 'federal-shipbuilding-kearny' [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipyards.json record 'federal-shipbuilding-kearny' (evidence ev-federal-kearny-ihs-1944); survey exhibit at toxicdocs.org
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Builder-yard documentation contemporaneous with this hull's construction: an Owens-Illinois industrial health survey of the yard that built this hull documented insulator work with Johns-Manville Superex asbestos pipe covering and boiler insulation in confined shipyard spaces, with dust counts measured during cutting and fitting operations. The survey was conducted 30 August-2 September 1944 - inside this hull's construction window (laid down 19 March 1944; launched 4 July 1944; fitting out through commissioning 8 January 1945) - documenting product lines in use at the yard while DE-448 was being fitted out (Superex documented 1940-1948 at this yard).
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1944 (survey Aug 30-Sep 2; hull fitting out)
- Population
- Shipyard insulators and pipefitters at Federal Shipbuilding & Drydock, Kearny, 1944
- Limitations
- Yard-level document, not a hull record - the survey does not name DE-448 or any vessel. It establishes that asbestos products were being worked at the builder's yard during this hull's fitting-out period, not that specific products were installed aboard this hull. Survey by a manufacturer with commercial interest; dust counts in mppcf (pre-fiber-count era).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cross-de448-04
-
[6]NARA Navy deck-log holdings: Logbooks of the U.S. Navy Ships and Stations, 1941-1978 (catalog series NAID 594258) and RG 24 Entry 118; NARA/NOAA digitization of WWII-era (1941-1950) deck logs [other_primary]
- Locator
- NARA deck-log reference pages; catalog series NAID 594258
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival lead: deck logs for this hull (1945-46 wartime commission; 1951-58 NRT period) are within NARA's Navy deck-log series (RG 24); WWII-era logs were included in the NOAA/NARA digitization collaboration and may be retrievable in the National Archives Catalog (series 594258) or from textual reference at Archives II. Deck logs would document underway periods, yard availabilities, and material-condition events relevant to any exposure analysis but do not inventory materials.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 1945-1958 (log coverage)
- Limitations
- Lead only - logs not retrieved or reviewed this session; digitization status for this hull unverified. Deck logs would not themselves document asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cross-de448-05
-
[7]CourtListener API v4 litigation sweep (authenticated, fleet-paced helper): '"USS Cross" asbestos' opinion index; 'USS Cross' opinion index; 'USS Cross' RECAP docket index; 'DE-448' opinion and docket queries [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-cross-de448-03 through sl-uss-cross-de448-06
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No qualifying asbestos litigation names this hull. '"USS Cross" asbestos' opinion query: 0 results. 'USS Cross' opinion query: 2 hits, both non-qualifying name collisions - State v. United States Steel Corp. (Ala. 1982) and Dickerson v. United States Steel Corp. (E.D. Pa. 1977), where 'USS' matches the U.S. Steel acronym and 'Cross' is a surname/docket token (opinion 7586991 verified as a miscaptioned writ stub; no vessel reference). 'USS Cross' docket query: 0 results. 'DE-448' opinion query: 6 hits, all identifier collisions (Puerto Rico 'de' docket strings, unrelated criminal/civil cases - Volkman, Walton, Alexander, et al.). 'DE-448' docket query: 92 hits, all docket-entry-number collisions - no docket names the vessel.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 2026-09-28
- Limitations
- Sweep covers indexed CourtListener opinion text and RECAP docket metadata only; PACER full-text and state-court filings are outside coverage. A name match is not a finding; absence of a located docket does not prove no claim was ever filed (many asbestos cases settle or are filed only in state court). 'Cross' is a high-collision surname token - name matches require per-hit classification.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cross-de448-06
-
[8]Batch-4339 search ledger (this record): NHHC/DANFS transcription + Wayback NHHC capture; NavSource operational chronology; NVR live register; Atlas shipyard dataset; NARA deck-log series; CourtListener exact-name and hull-number queries; class-profile background (john-c-butler-class.class.json) [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-cross-de448-01 through sl-uss-cross-de448-11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located for DE-448: no hull ACM survey, no abatement contract, no museum or donation hazmat disclosure (the hull was scrapped in 1968 and never in museum custody), no MARAD vessel history card located, and no qualifying litigation naming the hull in the sources searched (see search_ledger). Ship-specific asbestos documentation status: unknown.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-28
- Study period
- 2026-09-28
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1944-45 steam-powered destroyer escort would have been built amid the Navy's peak asbestos era; the finding documents the state of public records, not the hull's material condition. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-cross-de448-07