Evidence
8 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-8).
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[1]Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Vol. II (1963), 'Crow' entry - verbatim transcription via HazeGray DANFS mirror, archived by the Wayback Machine 2024-05-26 (canonical NHHC URL 404s - known link-rot per BATCH-01) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS Vol. II, p. 211 (page cite per HistoryLink essay 7849 source note); hazegray.org/danfs/mine/amc20.htm
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- DANFS entry (Crow I) in full: 'The first Crow (AMc-20) was in service attached to the 13th Naval District from 4 February 1941 to 23 August 1943 when she was sunk in Puget Sound by accident while acting as target ship for torpedo planes undergoing training.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1941-1943
- Population
- 13th Naval District crew (~11)
- Limitations
- Single-sentence entry - establishes in-service dates, district assignment, and loss circumstances only. Names no builder, predecessor vessel, specifications, or materials. Contains no asbestos or insulation information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crow-amc20-01
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[2]NavSource Naval History, Mine Warfare Vessel Photo Archive - Crow (AMc 20) page (navsource.net/archives/11/03020.htm), incl. NARA photo references and NVR-1949 discrepancy note [other_primary]
- Locator
- Hull chronology block, specifications block, photo caption credits, NVR note
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource hull page for Crow (AMc-20): built 1935 as the wooden-hulled purse seiner Jardan; acquired by the Navy in 1940; placed in service as USS Crow (AMc-20) 4 February 1941; sunk 23 August 1943 by a U.S. aircraft torpedo in Puget Sound, WA while acting as target ship for torpedo planes undergoing training; note - 'Naval Vessel Register of 1 January 1949 lists loss date as September 1943'; struck from the Naval Register 8 April 1944. Specifications: 195 t displacement, 83' 2" length, 20' 11" beam, 5' draft, 10' depth of hold, 10 knots, complement 11, one .30 cal. machine gun, diesel one shaft. Photo credits include National Archives 80-G-277688, -277689, -277691 captioned 'Retrieving torpedoes in Puget Sound, Washington, 4 June 1943.'
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1935-1944
- Population
- Crew of 11
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled secondary archive reproducing official-derived data; the underlying Naval Vessel Register and NARA records were not independently inspected. Complement and specification figures are compilation data, not a primary register extract. No asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crow-amc20-02
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[3]Wilma, David, 'Navy planes torpedo and sink the USS Crow in Puget Sound on August 23, 1943,' HistoryLink.org Essay 7849 (posted 2006-07-19; sources: DANFS, Department of the Navy, 1963, p. 211) [reputable_press]
- Locator
- Essay body; source note cites DANFS (1963) p. 211
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- HistoryLink essay (David Wilma, citing DANFS 1963, p. 211): the Navy purchased the 83-foot wood-hulled purse seiner 'Jadran' (built 1935), which became USS Crow (AMC coastal minesweeper), assigned to the 13th Naval District at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton; crew of 11; armament one .30 caliber machine gun. The Navy had operated a torpedo station at Keyport since 1915 using Liberty Bay and Port Orchard waters; in August 1943 Crow was being used as a target for Navy torpedo planes when an errant torpedo struck her wood hull and she sank. The loss was withheld from the public under wartime reporting restrictions; published Navy records reflect no loss of life; struck from the rolls 8 April 1944.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1941-1944
- Population
- Crew of 11; NAS/torpedo-station training personnel
- Limitations
- Regional-history essay citing DANFS - consistent with the official entry and adds the Keyport torpedo-station context and the no-loss-of-life observation ('published Navy records'). Renders the merchant name as 'Jadran' vs NavSource's 'Jardan' - variant carried in aliases. No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crow-amc20-03
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[4]U.S. Navy, NWTT Phase III Finding of Effect, Enclosure 5, Table 1 'Historic Sunken Craft Sites' (July 2020 submission; copy hosted by Citizens of Ebey's Reserve) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Enclosure 5 (Finding of Effect), Table 1, row 'USS Crow (Amc-20)' (Inshore, Navy 3 OPAREA)
- Finding type
- environmental_record
- Finding
- The U.S. Navy's Northwest Training and Testing (NWTT) Phase III Finding of Effect - a National Historic Preservation Act Section 106 submission - lists 'USS Crow (Amc-20)' in Table 1, 'Historic Sunken Craft Sites': location Inshore, Navy 3 OPAREA; early year 1940, late year 1943; NRHP eligibility 'Assumed' (for purposes of the finding); activity type MEM (military expended material). Federal acknowledgment that the wreck remains in place within the Navy's NWTT study area.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1940-1943 (wreck years); 2020 (finding)
- Limitations
- Establishes the wreck's continued presence and its NHPA Section 106 treatment ('assumed' eligible - not an NRHP listing). Host site is an advocacy group's archive, but the enclosure is the Navy's own finding document. Contains no asbestos or materials information - MEM classification addresses munitions/expended material, not hull composition.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crow-amc20-04
-
[5]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Abstract and article, AJIM 11(3):359-373
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era-level documentation: peer-reviewed history documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the program and period under which this hull served (acquired 1940, in service 1941-1943). For a small wooden diesel-powered conversion of this type, the plausible era-typical asbestos applications are narrower than for steam vessels: gaskets and machinery packing, engine/exhaust insulation, electrical insulation, and adhesives/mastics; the boiler and steam-line lagging pathways that dominate steam-vessel findings do not apply to a diesel craft with no steam plant.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1940-1943 era
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers and ship crews (class context); conversion-yard workers (Puget Sound, 1940-41)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarship; does not name this vessel or vessel type and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation. The narrowed product list is inference from propulsion type (diesel, no steam plant), not from any materials document for this hull or the AMc conversion group.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crow-amc20-05
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[6]NavSource Crow (AMc-20) page NVR note; NavSource AMc index (navsource.net/archives/11/03idx.htm); Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels (1945) Vol. II via shipscribe.com/pubs/SDB1945v2.pdf ('AMc20 CROW (sunk)' listing; AMc 36-65 classed separately) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource AMc-20 page NVR note; AMc index groupings; SDB 1945 Vol. II minesweeper-coastal section
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Corrections to the circulating record: (a) Loss date - the Naval Vessel Register of 1 January 1949 lists the loss as September 1943 (per NavSource's note); DANFS, NavSource, and HistoryLink all carry 23 August 1943 - the NVR-1949 'September' entry is treated as a clerical error, not a competing account. (b) 'Crow-class' - some secondary summaries (e.g., Wikipedia's infobox) label AMc-20 'Crow-class'; no formal class existed - she was an individual conversion inside the AMc-1 through AMc-35 acquired fishing-vessel group, distinct from the purpose-built Accentor-type series beginning at AMc-36 (NavSource AMc index; Ships' Data U.S. Naval Vessels 1945 grouping). (c) Merchant name spelled 'Jardan' (NavSource, Ships' Data 1945) vs 'Jadran' (HistoryLink) - both variants carried.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1943-1949
- Limitations
- Resolves a register-date discrepancy and a spurious class label; the NVR 1949 page itself was not independently imaged (NavSource's transcription relied upon). No asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crow-amc20-06
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[7]Batch-1552 search ledger (this record): DANFS via hazegray/Wayback; NavSource AMc-20 page + AMc index; HistoryLink 7849; Navy NWTT FOE Table 1; Ships' Data 1945 (shipscribe); shipscribe name index; navalmarinearchive Western Boatbuilding table; shipbuildinghistory minesweepers table; NARA catalog; CourtListener name/hull searches [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-crow-amc20-01 through sl-uss-crow-amc20-11
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or docketed case naming USS Crow or AMc-20 was found in the public sources searched - the DANFS entry, NavSource archive, HistoryLink account, Navy NWTT finding, and yard tables contain no asbestos or insulation-material statement. CourtListener searches by hull number and ship name (opinions and dockets) returned only non-qualifying name collisions and no hull reference (see search_ledger). The hull sank in 1943 and was never raised, so no postwar abatement or scrapping record exists.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 2026-09-23
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1940-41 naval conversion of a 1935 hull is era-consistent with asbestos-containing gaskets, packing, and insulation. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crow-amc20-07
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[8]NARA National Archives Catalog (series 594258, Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships and Stations; RG 80-G photo series) via NavSource photo credits; USCG Merchant Vessels of the United States documentation series [other_primary]
- Locator
- catalog.archives.gov series 594258; NavSource AMc-20 photo credits (80-G-277688/9/691)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved): (a) National Archives photos 80-G-277688, -277689, -277691 - 'Retrieving torpedoes in Puget Sound, Washington, 4 June 1943' - document her torpedo-range duty ten weeks before the sinking; (b) NARA 'Logbooks of U.S. Navy Ships and Stations' series (RG 24, catalog series 594258) - AMc-20 deck logs Feb 1941-Aug 1943 would document operations and any conversion/maintenance availabilities; (c) a court-of-inquiry or loss report for the 1943-08-23 sinking likely exists in Navy records at NARA; (d) U.S. Coast Guard merchant-vessel documentation (MVUS / official-number records) for the purse seiner Jardan could settle the unidentified builder; (e) the Naval Vessel Register of 1 January 1949 page carrying the 'September 1943' loss date.
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-23
- Study period
- 1941-1944 records
- Limitations
- Record-group/collection mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-crow-amc20-08