Evidence
12 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-12).
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[1]research packet bi-packet.md (4 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-daedalus-arl35-pkt-bi-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, 'Daedalus (ARL-35)' entry, Naval History and Heritage Command (updated Robert J. Cressman, 24 Apr 2024; live NHHC URL returns 404 - verbatim text retrieved via Internet Archive Wayback capture 20240526174404) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS 'Daedalus' entry body + stats parenthetical, Wayback capture 20240526174404 (2 captures: 20240526 HTTP 200, 20250124 HTTP 404 - NHHC link rot began between them)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NHHC records: 'originally projected as the tank landing ship LST-1143'; laid down 31 Jan 1945 at Seneca, Ill., by Chicago Bridge & Iron Co.; launched 27 Apr 1945, sponsored by Mrs. D. Steinmann; partial commission 9 May 1945; ferried to Mobile, Ala., decommissioned 21 May for conversion to a landing craft repair ship, 'during which time hostilities ceased'; commissioned in full 19 Oct 1945, Lt. Roy E. Butler in command. Departed Mobile 3 Dec 1945; Norfolk six days later; provided repair services to the fleet at Norfolk, Guantanamo Bay, and Newport, R.I., until Charleston, S.C., 1 Jul 1947 for overhaul; towed to Green Cove Springs, Fla.; out of commission in reserve 23 Oct 1947. 'After being stricken from the Navy List' (no date given), sold 28 Oct 1960 to Norfolk, Baltimore and Carolina Line, Inc., renamed Virginia Clipper; purchased by Thor Corporation of Venezuela 1978; 'Her ultimate fate is not recorded.' DANFS stats line: displacement 2,125; length 328'0"; beam 60'0" (apparent error - every other source gives 50'); draft 14'0"; 11.6 kt; complement 253; armament 1 3-inch, 8 40mm, 6 20mm; class Achelous.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1945-1978
- Population
- Ship's company ~253 (DANFS complement figure)
- Limitations
- Authoritative official history naming this hull - confirms identity, build, conversion, service, and disposal chain. Contains no materials, insulation, or asbestos information; supports no asbestos claim. Stats-line beam (60') conflicts with the 50' LST-series beam in NavSource and shipscribe - flagged in gaps; strike date omitted ('After being stricken' - shipscribe supplies 1960-01-01).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-daedalus-arl35-01
-
[3]Bureau of Ships, Ships' Data, U.S. Naval Vessels, Vol. 2 (Jan 1945) - official BuShips publication (shipscribe.com scan, text layer extracted and searched this session) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2 alphabetical index entry 'Daedalus (ex-LST 1143) - ARL35' + roster line 'LST1143 / Now ARL35' + LST design table
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- The official BuShips register documents this hull's redesignation: the alphabetical index carries 'Daedalus (ex-LST 1143) . . . ARL35', and the vessel roster annotates the LST-1143 line 'Now ARL35'. The LST design table for the hull series carries: 328 ft oa, 50 ft beam, ~2,366 t light / 3,960-4,080 t trial, 11.6 kt, 2 x GM 12-567A diesels ~1,700 shp on 2 shafts via Falk reduction gears; accommodations 13 officers / ~106 enlisted (ship's company) plus embarked troops - LST-542-series design data for the hull form on which this ship was built.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1945
- Limitations
- Official BuShips publication naming this hull by name and number - but the January 1945 cutoff predates her keel laying (31 Jan 1945), so coverage is the redesignation mapping and the LST design table only, not as-built ARL particulars. The design-table complement figure is the LST-542 hull number; the converted repair ship carried 253 (DANFS). Contains no materials or asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-daedalus-arl35-02
-
[4]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive - USS Daedalus (ARL-35), file 10/19/1935 (last updated 20 Oct 2017) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource file 10/19/1935 - chronology block, spec block, awards ribbon block, commanding-officer table, Virginia Clipper photo caption (Gerhard Mueller-Debus / NB&C Lines, 1961)
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource per-hull page records: redesignated Landing Craft Repair Ship ARL-35 on 14 Aug 1944 (before keel laying); placed in reduced commission 9 May 1945 for transit to the conversion yard at Mobile, AL, LT. Roy E. Butler USN; decommissioned 21 May 1945 at Mobile and converted; recommissioned 19 Oct 1945; decommissioned 23 Oct 1947 for lay up in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet at Green Cove Springs, FL; 'Struck from the Naval Register, date unknown'; sold 28 Oct 1960 to Norfolk, Baltimore and Caroline Line for merchant service as MV Virginia Clipper; resold 1978 to Thor Corporation of Venezuela; final fate unknown. Spec block: 2,220 t light / 4,100 t full, 328 ft, 50 ft beam, 11.6 kt; complement 21 officers / 232 enlisted; armament 1 x 3"/50 DP, 2 quad 40mm w/Mk.51 directors, 6 twin 20mm; propulsion 2 x GM 12-567A diesels, Falk main reduction gears, 2 propellers 1,800 shp; generators 3x100kW DC + 2x60kW AC; fuel 4,715 bbls. Awards: American Campaign Medal; WWII Victory Medal. CO table: Butler 9 May-21 May 45 and 19 Oct 45-15 Feb 46; LCDR Howard B. Shaw Jr. USNR to 15 Jun 46; LCDR Richard F. Yarborough Jr. USN to 23 Oct 47. Photo record documents the ex-ship underway as MV Virginia Clipper in Hampton Roads, 1961.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1945-1978
- Population
- Ship's company 21 officers / 232 enlisted (spec block); construction and conversion yard trades
- Limitations
- Specialist secondary compilation - detailed but non-official; consistent with NHHC on all material facts. Two data defects logged in gaps: (a) launch date listed as 26 Mar 1945 conflicts with DANFS and shipscribe (27 Apr 1945); (b) armament/spec block includes a 3"/50 while shipscribe class notes say the mount was eliminated in the ARL-10 design group. Contains no materials or asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-daedalus-arl35-03
-
[5]Shipscribe U.S. Navy auxiliary ships data sheets, 'USS Coronis (ARL-10) Class' page (Stephen S. Roberts compilation from Navy registers, BuShips/SCB design records, and MARAD files; compiled 30 Jun 2007) [other_primary]
- Locator
- shipscribe ARL-10 class page - construction table row ARL-35; disposition table row ARL-35; Ship Notes entry '35 DAE(DAL)US'; Class Notes paragraphs
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Ship-design compilation naming this hull: construction table - DAEDALUS, reclassified 14 Aug 44, builder Chicago Bridge & Iron Seneca, keel 31 Jan 45, launched 27 Apr 45, commissioned 19 Oct 45. Disposition table - decommissioned 23 Oct 47, struck 1 Jan 60, disposed 5 Oct 60, sold. Ship note - 'Ex LST-1143 14 Aug 44. Ferry commission as LST-1143 9-21 May 45. Converted by Waterman Steamship Co., Mobile, Ala. In USN reserve 1947-60 (in service in reserve at Green Cove, Florida, 1952-56). Merc. VIRGINIA CLIPPER 1962.' Class notes - ARL 10-39 were built under LST contracts and reclassified/fitted as ARLs before entering service; the ARL-10-group design deleted the 3"/50 DP gun and moved kingposts forward to increase repair-shop space; Gibbs & Cox was design agent for the LST conversions; Waterman Steamship was one of the six conversion yards; ARL-40/41 were cancelled SW-Pacific conversions (27 Aug 45) - resolving the stray 'ARL-41' reclassification that appears in secondary infoboxes as an error.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1944-1978
- Limitations
- Compiled secondary transcription of official Navy register, design, and MARAD records - not the registers themselves; used where consistent with NHHC/BuShips. Strike (1 Jan 60) and disposal (5 Oct 60) dates fill gaps DANFS/NavSource leave blank, with minor variance vs the 28 Oct 60 sale date in DANFS (likely registry-strike vs title-transfer dates). 'Merc. VIRGINIA CLIPPER 1962' vs 'renamed ... 1960' (DANFS) - logged in gaps. No materials or asbestos information.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-daedalus-arl35-04
-
[6]The Baltimore Sun coverage of the Inner Harbor fire of 12 Feb 1968, as relayed by Retro Baltimore: 'The Virginia Clipper, a ship, rescued a group of stevedores trapped at the far end of Pier Five.' [reputable_press]
- Locator
- Retro Baltimore post quoting The Sun's coverage of the 12 Feb 1968 Pratt Street / Pier Five fire
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Contemporary press documents the ex-USS Daedalus still in active merchant service as Virginia Clipper under Norfolk, Baltimore and Carolina Line colors in Baltimore's Inner Harbor in February 1968 - extending the hull's documented in-service window to at least 1968, roughly two decades after Navy decommissioning.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1968
- Population
- Merchant crew; stevedores
- Limitations
- Press account of a rescue incident - documents the vessel's operation, nothing about her materials, condition, or crew complement. Relayed quote from The Sun via the Retro Baltimore archival blog; the original Sun story was not independently retrieved. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-daedalus-arl35-05
-
[7]Consolidated era/design inference - BuShips SDB 1945 v2 LST design table for this hull series + NavSource spec block + shipscribe ARL-10 class notes (conversion scope) [other_primary]
- Locator
- SDB1945v2 LST design table; NavSource spec block; shipscribe ARL-10 class notes (design changes, conversion yards)
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Era/design inference: this hull is a diesel-powered LST-542-series-derived landing craft repair ship (two GM 12-567A diesels, no boilers - BuShips/NavSource machinery data), which narrows the steam-plant lagging pathway relative to steam auxiliaries. Asbestos-relevant applications consistent with 1945 amphibious-auxiliary construction are diesel exhaust lagging and gaskets, engine-room thermal and acoustic insulation, deck coverings and tile, bulkhead and accommodation insulation, and winch/crane brake linings. The documented May-Oct 1945 conversion at Waterman Steamship Co., Mobile - fitting repair shops and reworked interior spaces per the ARL-10-group design (kingposts moved forward, enlarged repair-shop area) - plus the ship's function as a working repair ship, the 1947 Charleston overhaul, the 1952-56 in-service-in-reserve period, and the 1960 merchant conversion are documented disturbance events whose asbestos scope is unrecorded.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1945-1978
- Population
- Construction trades (Chicago Bridge & Iron, Seneca IL, 1945); conversion-yard trades (Waterman Steamship, Mobile AL, 1945); ship's company and repair-shop personnel 1945-47; reserve-fleet caretakers 1947-60; merchant crews 1960-1978+
- Limitations
- Inference from the documented machinery plant, design changes, and construction era - NOT a hull record. No survey, specification, material schedule, or contract document naming ARL-35 asbestos content was located; establishes no asbestos content, quantity, location, individual exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-daedalus-arl35-06
-
[8]Fleischer, W.E., Viles, F.J. Jr., Gade, R.L., and Drinker, P., 'A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels,' J Ind Hyg Toxicol 28(1):9-16 (Jan 1946), PMID 21016030 [other_primary]
- Locator
- PubMed record PMID 21016030; article pp. 9-16 (pipe covering material section)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- The U.S. Maritime Commission-commissioned industrial-hygiene survey of WWII pipe-covering operations at two Navy yards and two Navy contract yards documented that 'an important ingredient of pipe covering material used on U.S. Navy vessels is amosite' - asbestos insulation was standard material in wartime naval-vessel construction of exactly this hull's era.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- survey ~1944-45; published 1946
- Population
- WWII pipe coverers and insulators at Navy and contract yards (era context)
- Limitations
- Era-level documentation of asbestos use in naval construction generally; does not name this vessel, class, or builder yard (whether Chicago Bridge & Iron Seneca or Waterman Steamship Mobile were among surveyed yards is unverified - they were not) and establishes nothing about this hull's materials, condition, or any individual exposure. (The study's exculpatory 'not a dangerous occupation' conclusion has since been heavily criticized - see DOI 10.1177/10482911261446696.)
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-daedalus-arl35-07
-
[9]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Am. J. Ind. Med. 11(3):359-373 (1987), DOI 10.1002/ajim.4700110311
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed historical scholarship documents that asbestos was used extensively as a fireproofing and insulating material in U.S. shipbuilding during WWII - the era and emergency construction program under which this LST-542-derived repair ship was built at an inland contract yard - and that wartime demand drove unprecedented asbestos utilization in shipbuilding.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1941-1945
- Population
- WWII shipyard workers (era context)
- Limitations
- Program/era-level scholarly documentation; does not name this vessel or class and does not establish that asbestos was or remains aboard this hull, nor quantity, location, condition, exposure, or causation.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-daedalus-arl35-08
-
[10]CourtListener API v4 sweep (authenticated via cl-auth-search.py helper, fleet-paced): '"ARL-35"' type=o -> 0 opinions; '"Daedalus" asbestos' type=o -> 3 hits, all name collisions; '"LST-1143" OR "USS Daedalus"' type=o and residual name/docket sweeps -> fleet hourly budget exhausted mid-sweep (paced ~114/hr shared), logged as partially run [court_record]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-daedalus-arl35-05 through sl-uss-daedalus-arl35-08
- Finding type
- litigation_documented
- Finding
- No qualifying asbestos litigation naming USS Daedalus, ARL-35, or LST-1143 was located in CourtListener. Sweep results: (1) '"ARL-35"' opinion search - count 0, clean. (2) '"Daedalus" asbestos' opinion search - 3 hits, ALL NAME COLLISIONS, classified non-qualifying: Pennsylvania v. Lockheed Martin Corp., 684 F. Supp. 2d 564 (M.D. Pa. 2010) - CERCLA strontium-90 cleanup, Quehanna Wild Area, 'Daedalus' incidental in body text; Pro-Fac Cooperative, Inc. v. Alpha Nursery, Inc., 205 F. Supp. 2d 90 (W.D.N.Y. 2002) - commercial dispute; Nasso v. Seagal, 263 F. Supp. 2d 596 (E.D.N.Y. 2003) - entertainment dispute. None involves a vessel of any kind. (3) '"LST-1143" OR "USS Daedalus"' opinion search and docket-type queries - NOT RUN to completion: the fleet-wide pacing budget (~114 req/hr shared across sessions) was exhausted mid-sweep; the helper enforced stand-down rather than risking the shared quota.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- Coverage caveat: opinion-type search only; docket-level (RECAP) queries for 'ARL-35', 'LST-1143', and 'Virginia Clipper' were not completed within the pacing window - residual docket surface unqueried via API and checked only via indexed web. A name match is not a case: all three returned hits are collisions on other entities named Daedalus. No hit was found that could support or defeat a ship-specific asbestos claim; absence of located dockets is not proof no suit was ever filed.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-daedalus-arl35-09
-
[11]Batch-2627 search ledger (this record): NHHC/DANFS via Wayback; BuShips SDB 1945 v2 (shipscribe scan); NavSource 10/19/1935; shipscribe ARL-10 class page; CourtListener API v4 (partially paced-out); indexed-web litigation checks; VA BVA index; MARAD ShipHistory (endpoint error); NARA record-group guides; shipyards.json cross-check [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-daedalus-arl35-01 through sl-uss-daedalus-arl35-12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, court finding, or docketed asbestos case naming USS Daedalus / ARL-35 / LST-1143 / merchant Virginia Clipper was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). Indexed-web checking surfaced one name collision worth noting: a 2016 demolition asbestos survey of Building 142 at HMS Daedalus, Lee-on-Solent - a Royal Navy shore establishment in Hampshire, England, unrelated to this hull. No law-firm marketing ship list naming this hull was located (contrast with sibling vessels that appear on such lists).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 2026-09-26
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - a 1945-built auxiliary with a documented yard conversion and ~15 postwar years in merchant service is era-consistent with asbestos-containing materials. Does not establish presence or absence; does not establish or defeat any exposure claim or legal eligibility. MARAD ShipHistory search endpoint returned an application error (hull likely never in MARAD custody - Navy reserve then direct Navy sale); NVR has no record (disposed 1960, pre-dating NVR online coverage).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-daedalus-arl35-10
-
[12]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 24 (Bureau of Naval Personnel - Navy deck logs), RG 19 (Bureau of Ships), RG 181 (naval shore establishments - Atlantic Reserve Fleet, Green Cove Springs Group), plus USCG/MARAD merchant documentation for Virginia Clipper (IMO 5381992) [other_primary]
- Locator
- https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/024.html ; /groups/019.html ; /groups/181.html
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - requires research-room or reproduction order; no spend authorized): Navy deck logs for LST-1143 / USS Daedalus, May 1945 - Oct 1947 (RG 24, NARA College Park); BuShips records for the LST-to-ARL conversion program incl. Gibbs & Cox design-agent drawings and the Waterman Steamship conversion contract file (RG 19) - the conversion work package is the most promising construction-era material lead; Atlantic Reserve Fleet Green Cove Springs Group records covering the 1952-56 'in service in reserve' period (RG 181); merchant-phase documentation for Virginia Clipper IMO 5381992 (USCG vessel documentation / MARAD - if any custody record exists).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-09-26
- Study period
- 1945-1978 records
- Limitations
- Record-group mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed in person. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-daedalus-arl35-11