Evidence
10 evidence entries recorded; each entry has a stable permalink (#ev-1 … #ev-10).
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[1]research packet 630-packet.md (3 sources cited) [other_primary]
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Identity packet verdict: VERIFIED (identity confirmed; QUEUE NAME MISSPELLED
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Evidence ID
- uss-daedalus-lst1143-pkt-630-packet-md
-
[2]DANFS, Daedalus (ARL-35) - namesake, construction, ferry commission, Waterman conversion, Norfolk/Guantanamo/Newport repair service, 1947 inactivation, and 1960 sale + merchant career (archived Wayback capture 2024-05-26 of the canonical NHHC page; live page returned 404 on 2026-10-02) [nhhc_danfs]
- Locator
- DANFS entry 'Daedalus (ARL-35)' - service narrative and spec block; NHHC canonical page via Wayback 2024-05-26 capture
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- Documented for this hull: 'Daedalus - In Greek mythology, an exiled Athenian who served in the courts of Minos and Kokalos, regarded as representative of artists and artisans of the later Minoan or Mykenaian age. Imprisoned by Minos, he made wings to escape.' Daedalus (ARL-35) - 'originally projected as the tank landing ship LST-1143' - was laid down 31 January 1945 at Seneca, Ill., by the Chicago Bridge & Iron Co.; launched 27 April 1945; sponsored by Mrs. D. Steinmann; placed in partial commission 9 May 1945; ferried to Mobile, Ala., where she was decommissioned 21 May for conversion to a landing craft repair ship, 'during which time hostilities ceased'; and commissioned in full 19 October 1945, Lt. Roy E. Butler in command. Daedalus departed Mobile 3 December 1945 and arrived at Norfolk, Va., six days later; provided repair services to the fleet at Norfolk, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and Newport, R.I. until arriving at Charleston, S.C., 1 July 1947 for overhaul; towed to Green Cove Springs, Fla., placed out of commission in reserve 23 October 1947. 'After being stricken from the Navy List, ex-Daedalus was sold on 28 October 1960 to the Norfolk, Baltimore and Carolina Line, Inc., for merchant service. Renamed Virginia Clipper, she served under that house flag until the Venezuelan Thor Corporation purchased the vessel in 1978. Her ultimate fate is not recorded.' Spec block: dp. 2,125; l. 328'0"; b. 60'0"; dr. 14'0"; s. 11.6 k.; cpl. 253; a. 1 3-in., 8 40mm, 6 20mm; cl. Achelous.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-1978
- Population
- CB&I Seneca construction trades (Jan-Apr 1945); ferry crew (May 1945); Waterman Mobile conversion trades (May-Oct 1945); commissioned crew (Oct 1945-Oct 1947); reserve-fleet caretakers (1947-60); merchant crews (1960-78+)
- Limitations
- Ship-specific history only; no asbestos or material content. The spec block's printed beam of 60'0" is a DANFS typographical error - the LST-hull design beam is 50' per NavSource and ShipScribe class data (see ev-08). The losthistory.net/hazegray verbatim transcription of this entry is TRUNCATED - it ends at the 1947 decommissioning and omits the strike/sale/Virginia Clipper paragraph; the full canonical text is verified via the archived Wayback capture cited here. Live NHHC page 404 on 2026-10-02 (standing NHHC link-rot defect).
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-daedalus-lst1143-01
-
[3]NavSource Online: Amphibious Photo Archive, USS Daedalus (ARL-35) (page 10/19/1935, last updated 20 Oct 2017) - designation timeline, award ribbon block, ARL specifications, commanding-officer roster, and merchant-era photo caption [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/19/1935.htm - header timeline, awards block, specifications block, commanding-officers table, Virginia Clipper photo caption
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- NavSource documents for this hull: 'Achelous Class Landing Craft Repair Ship'; laid down as LST-1143 at Chicago Bridge and Iron Co., Seneca, IL; redesignated Landing Craft Repair Ship ARL-35 on 14 August 1944; 'Launched, 26 March 1945' (conflicts with DANFS/ShipScribe/shipbuildinghistory 27 April 1945 - see ev-08); placed in reduced commission 9 May 1945 for transit to her conversion yard at Mobile, AL, LT Roy E. Butler USN in command; decommissioned 21 May 1945 at Mobile and converted to a landing craft repair ship; recommissioned USS Daedalus (ARL-35) 19 October 1945, LT Roy E. Butler USN; decommissioned 23 October 1947 for layup in the Atlantic Reserve Fleet at Green Cove Springs, FL; struck from the Naval Register, date unknown; sold 28 October 1960 to Norfolk, Baltimore and Caroline Line for merchant service, named MV Virginia Clipper; resold 1978 to Thor Corporation of Venezuela; 'Final Disposition fate unknown.' Awards block: American Campaign Medal and World War II Victory Medal. Specifications: 2,220 t light / 4,100 t full; 328' oa; 50' beam; 11.6 kts; complement 21 officers / 232 enlisted; armament one single 3"/50 dual-purpose mount, two quad 40mm AA mounts with Mk 51 directors, six twin 20mm AA mounts; diesel fuel 4,715 bbls; propulsion two General Motors 12-567A diesels, single Falk main reduction gear, two propellers 1,800 shp, twin rudders; ship's service generators three 100 kW 120/240 V DC and two 60 kW 450 V AC diesel-drive. Commanding officers: LT Roy Everett Butler USN (ferry 9-21 May 1945; full 19 Oct 1945 - 15 Feb 1946); LCDR Howard Baker Shaw Jr. USNR (15 Feb - 15 Jun 1946); LCDR Richard Fenner Yarborough Jr. USN, USNA 1942 (15 Jun 1946 - 23 Oct 1947). Photo caption: ex-USS Daedalus underway as MV Virginia Clipper in Norfolk, Baltimore and Carolina Line service, Hampton Roads, 1961 (Norfolk, Baltimore and Carolina Lines photo).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-1978 (page last updated 20 Oct 2017)
- Population
- Ferry crew (May 1945); ship's company ~253 per ARL spec block (Oct 1945 - Oct 1947); Waterman conversion workforce (May-Oct 1945)
- Limitations
- Volunteer-compiled archival page tracking NVR/DANFS with contributed photos; consistent with DANFS on construction/commissioning/decommissioning and adds the CO roster, awards, generator detail, and the 1961 merchant photo. Its 'Launched, 26 March 1945' conflicts with three sources at 27 April 1945 (DANFS, ShipScribe, shipbuildinghistory yard table) - DANFS date carried (see ev-08). 'Struck ... date unknown' conflicts with ShipScribe's register-derived 1 January 1960 strike - ShipScribe date carried. Spec block: no asbestos content stated or implied. 'Sold 28 October 1960' vs ShipScribe disposal 5 October 1960 - see gaps.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-daedalus-lst1143-02
-
[4]ShipScribe (S. S. Roberts), 'USS Coronis (ARL-10) Class' register page - construction and disposition tables, class notes on the LST-to-ARL conversion program, and per-ship notes incl. ARL-35 Daedalus (compiled from BuShips and OpNav records, 2007) [other_primary]
- Locator
- ShipScribe ARL10.html - construction table row ARL-35, disposition table row ARL-35, class notes, ship note 'DAEDALUS'
- Finding type
- vessel_history
- Finding
- ShipScribe documents this hull within the Coronis (ARL-10) group of the Navy's single-listed ARL 1-39 Achelous class: reclassified 14 August 1944; keel 31 January 1945 at Chicago Bridge, Seneca; launched 27 April 1945; commissioned 19 October 1945; decommissioned 23 October 1947; struck 1 January 1960; disposal 5 October 1960, fate 'Sold'. Ship note for ARL-35: 'Ex LST-1143 14 Aug 44. Ferry commission as LST-1143 9-21 May 45. Converted by Waterman Steamship Co., Mobile, Ala. In USN reserve 1947-60 (in service in reserve at Green Cove, Florida, 1952-56). Merc. VIRGINIA CLIPPER 1962.' Class notes: FY 1944 program for ARL 10-39, all built under LST contracts and reclassified and fitted as ARLs before entering service; the Auxiliary Vessels Board recommended on 2 May 1944 the fifteen-ARL group (ARL 25-39, incl. Daedalus) for completion during the last three quarters of 1945; Gibbs and Cox was design agent for all LST conversions; many of the ARL 10-39 group were converted at Bethlehem-Key Highway, Baltimore, with five other Atlantic/Gulf yards converting 1-4 ships each; from ARL-10 the design was modified - 'elimination of the 3"/50 DP gun, retention of the bow doors and operating mechanism, and the provision of facilities to embark and repair LVTs' - with deckhouse/kingpost rearrangement enlarging repair-shop space. Class data: 2,125 t light / 4,100 t lim; 328.0' oa, 316.0' pp x 50.0' e x 11.2' lim; complement 253 (1944); 11.6 kts; 1,800 shp; GM diesels, 2 screws.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-1978
- Population
- CB&I Seneca construction trades (Jan-Apr 1945); Waterman Mobile conversion workforce (May-Oct 1945); USN crew (1945-47); Atlantic Reserve Fleet caretakers incl. 1952-56 'in service in reserve' period; merchant crews (1960-78+)
- Limitations
- Strongest single record for this hull - scholarly secondary compilation drawn from BuShips/OpNav official registers, not itself a primary registry page. Documents the conversion yard as Waterman Steamship Co., Mobile - conflicts with a navalmarinearchive.com class table's 'Alabama DD' assignment (see ev-08, gaps). Its 1 January 1960 strike is the register-derived value vs NavSource/DANFS 'date unknown'/silent - carried. 'Merc. VIRGINIA CLIPPER 1962' vs DANFS renaming at the 28 Oct 1960 sale and a NavSource photo already showing the name in 1961 - see gaps. The class design note deleting the 3"/50 gun from ARL-10+ conflicts with the 3" mount in this hull's DANFS/NavSource spec blocks - see gaps. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-daedalus-lst1143-03
-
[5]Era inference built on: NavSource ARL-35 specifications block (2 x GM 12-567A diesels, Falk reduction gear - all-diesel plant); ShipScribe class design notes (LST hull reconfigured as landing-craft workshop ship with enlarged repair-shop spaces); LST-542-series design data per class profile (BuShips Ships' Data 1945 Vol. 2 LST design table - shipscribe SDB1945v2.pdf URL now 404, noted as access gap); GAO HRD-80-2 (see ev-05) [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource ARL-35 spec block; ShipScribe ARL-10 class notes; class profile lst-1-class (BuShips SDB-1945 v2 design grouping); GAO HRD-80-2 product page
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- A diesel-powered LST-542-series hull built January-April 1945 at Chicago Bridge & Iron's Seneca 'Prairie Shipyard' and converted May-October 1945 at Waterman Steamship Co., Mobile, into a landing craft repair ship sits inside the Navy's documented asbestos-use era. Era-standard applications aboard a diesel LST-derived auxiliary of this period were diesel exhaust lagging, engine-room thermal/acoustic insulation, gaskets, valve packing, electrical insulation and cable, deck coverings/tile, bulkhead/accommodation insulation, and brake/friction linings on winches and workshop machinery. The conversion itself - which rearranged the deckhouse and fitted repair shops including LVT repair facilities - is a documented class-level interior-rework pathway at a peak-asbestos-era Gulf Coast yard. She carried no steam plant, so the boiler/turbine lagging pathway of steam vessels does not apply.
- Verification
- inferred
- Role
- supporting
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-1978
- Population
- CB&I Seneca construction trades (Jan-Apr 1945); Waterman Mobile conversion trades (May-Oct 1945); USN crew incl. repair ratings (1945-47); reserve-fleet caretakers (1947-60); merchant crews (1960-78+)
- Limitations
- Class/era inference only - no hull-specific insulation survey, material list, conversion work package, or fiber content located for LST-1143/Daedalus. Names era-standard applications, not confirmed installed materials; no quantity. The conversion's material scope is undocumented, and the hull's 1960-1978+ merchant service under two owners (Norfolk, Baltimore and Carolina Line; Thor Corp. of Venezuela) is a material-history blind spot - original-era materials may have been removed or supplemented under commercial practice. Product names are normalized era terms; no manufacturer attribution for this hull.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-daedalus-lst1143-04
-
[6]GAO, Navy Efforts To Protect Workers From Asbestos Exposure, HRD-80-2 (Oct 18, 1979) [gao]
- Locator
- GAO product page HRD-80-2 (full text blocked, HTTP 403)
- Finding type
- gov_survey
- Finding
- GAO documented that the Navy used asbestos insulation extensively aboard ships and did not begin substituting alternative insulation materials until the early 1970s - spanning this hull's entire U.S. Navy era: construction (Jan-Apr 1945), ARL conversion (May-Oct 1945), active service (Oct 1945-Oct 1947), and reserve lay-up (1947-60).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1979
- Population
- Navy shipyard workers; asbestos program review
- Limitations
- Program-level documentation; supports era context only, not any fact specific to this hull. The hull left U.S. Navy custody in 1960, a decade before the substitution era GAO describes - GAO policy history does not bear on her merchant-service material state (1960-78+). Full text not retrieved (gao.gov blocks automated fetch, HTTP 403, confirmed 2026-10-02) - content via product-page description.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-daedalus-lst1143-05
-
[7]Corn, Jacqueline Karnell, and Jennifer Starr, 'Historical perspective on asbestos: Policies and protective measures in World War II shipbuilding,' American Journal of Industrial Medicine 11(3):359-373 (1987) [other_primary]
- Locator
- Am J Ind Med 11(3):359-373 (1987), DOI 10.1002/ajim.4700110311
- Finding type
- asbestos_application
- Finding
- Peer-reviewed scholarship documents that WWII-era U.S. shipyards extensively installed asbestos-containing insulation, lagging, and gaskets in naval construction - the era and program context in which this hull was built (Jan-Apr 1945, Chicago Bridge & Iron, Seneca) and converted (May-Oct 1945, Waterman Steamship Co., Mobile).
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- context
- Documentation level
- class_or_era
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1941-1945 (study scope)
- Population
- WWII-era shipyard workers and crews (era context)
- Limitations
- Era-level scholarship only; the source does not name this hull or class and does not establish that any specific material aboard this ship contained asbestos. The all-diesel plant (no boilers) narrows the exposure-relevant scope relative to steam vessels; merchant-service materials (1960-78+) are outside the study's WWII scope.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-daedalus-lst1143-06
-
[8]Batch-6632 search ledger (this record): DANFS (NHHC canonical via Wayback + losthistory transcription); NavSource 10/19/1935; ShipScribe ARL-10 class page; NavalCoverMuseum; shipbuildinghistory CB&I yard table; CourtListener API v4 (blocked - fleet pacing); GAO product page; MARAD ShipHistory; secondary web litigation sweeps [other_primary]
- Locator
- search_ledger rows sl-uss-daedalus-lst1143-01 through -12
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- No qualifying ship-specific asbestos record located: no asbestos survey, insulation material list, abatement contract, hazmat disclosure, or verified litigation naming USS Daedalus, LST-1143, ARL-35, or Virginia Clipper was found in the public sources searched (see search_ledger). CAVEAT: CourtListener could not be queried this session - the authenticated API helper returned exit-2 pacing responses across spaced retries (shared fleet budget ~114/hr exhausted by concurrent sessions); logged as blocked in search_ledger, not as a negative result. Secondary web sweeps surfaced no qualifying case and no law-firm marketing page naming this hull; the only 'asbestos aboard' material indexed under this vessel's names is generic repair-ship boilerplate not naming Daedalus.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- negative_finding
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 2026-10-02
- Limitations
- Absence of a located public record does not prove absence of asbestos aboard - and the litigation repository search is a genuine open gap (pacing-blocked, not run). Deck logs (RG 24), the Waterman conversion work package, and Venezuelan registry records for the post-1978 hull are undigitized leads. Does not establish or defeat any claim of exposure or legal eligibility.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-daedalus-lst1143-07
-
[9]Designation/specification cross-check: DANFS canonical text + ShipScribe construction table + shipbuildinghistory CB&I yard table (launch 27 Apr 1945, beam 50', complement 253) vs NavSource/NavalCoverMuseum/uboat.net/pt.Wikipedia ('launched 26 March 1945'), NHHC spec block ('beam 60'0"'), Wikipedia infobox ('Reclassified ARL-41'; complement '19 officers, 270 enlisted'; displacement '3,900 lt'), hullnumber.com ('Sold 30 June 1948'), navalmarinearchive class table (conversion yard 'Alabama DD') [other_primary]
- Locator
- NavSource 10/19/1935 timeline; ShipScribe ARL10.html construction/disposition rows + ship note; shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/emergencylarge/chicagobridge.htm row LST-1143; NHHC canonical spec block via Wayback; en.wikipedia.org USS Daedalus infobox; hullnumber.com/ARL-35; navalmarinearchive.com/sbh/navalships/ar.html ARL-35 row
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- CORRECTIONS: (1) Misspelling - the batch directive's 'Daelalus' is corrected to DAEDALUS per DANFS/Wikipedia; the only U.S. Navy vessel of this name. (2) Launch date - NavSource, NavalCoverMuseum, uboat.net, and pt.Wikipedia carry '26 March 1945'; DANFS canonical text, ShipScribe's register-derived construction table, and the shipbuildinghistory CB&I yard table all carry 27 April 1945 - 27 Apr carried; the 26 Mar date is a propagated error (NavSource is the likeliest origin - NavalCoverMuseum and uboat.net track it). (3) Reclass number - Wikipedia's infobox 'Reclassified: ARL-41' is an error; Daedalus was reclassified ARL-35 on 14 August 1944 (NavSource, ShipScribe, Wikipedia's own identification line), and ARL-41 was Achilles, a separate SW-Pacific conversion. (4) Beam - NHHC's spec block prints 'beam 60'0"'; NavSource and ShipScribe class data read 50', the LST-hull design beam. (5) Complement - Wikipedia's '19 officers, 270 enlisted' is LST-class boilerplate; 253 (21+232) is documented for this ARL by DANFS, NavSource, and ShipScribe. (6) Displacement - Wikipedia '3,900 lt' vs DANFS 2,125 / NavSource 2,220 lt (DANFS carried; the 2,220 variant logged in gaps). (7) Sale date - hullnumber.com's 'Sold 30 June 1948' conflicts with the documented 28 October 1960 sale (DANFS; NavSource; ShipScribe disposal 5 Oct 1960). (8) Conversion yard - navalmarinearchive.com's class table assigns 'Alabama DD' vs ShipScribe's register-derived 'Waterman Steamship Co., Mobile, Ala.' - ShipScribe carried.
- Verification
- verified
- Role
- correction
- Documentation level
- ship_specific
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1944-1978 (documentation window)
- Limitations
- Corrects circulating designation/specification errors, not material claims. For items (2) and (7)-(8), the weight of register-derived sourcing (ShipScribe, compiled from BuShips/OpNav records) is decisive over secondary compilations; the minority values are logged rather than silently dropped. The Alabama-DD variant in (8) cannot be fully excluded - both Mobile yards are plausible conversion venues and no contract document was located; carried as an open variant in gaps. No asbestos content.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-daedalus-lst1143-08
-
[10]NARA Guide to Federal Records: RG 19 (Bureau of Ships) and RG 24 (deck logs); Gibbs & Cox design-agent files for the LST-to-ARL conversion program; Waterman Steamship Co. Mobile conversion work orders - record-group mapping only [other_primary]
- Locator
- archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records groups 019, 024; NARA deck-log guidance; ShipScribe class notes (Gibbs & Cox design agent)
- Finding type
- historical_record
- Finding
- Archival leads (not retrieved - require research-room or reproduction order): NARA RG 24 deck logs for LST-1143 / Daedalus (ARL-35), 1945-47, not publicly digitized (NARA catalog interface JS-rendered this session - no extractable result); NARA RG 19 BuShips records for the Gibbs & Cox LST-to-ARL conversion design used at Mobile (the design-agent relationship is documented in the ShipScribe class notes, but no hull-level work package was located); Waterman Steamship Co. corporate records for the Mobile conversion yard (corporate archive whereabouts unverified - University of Southern Mississippi holds Waterman papers related to the shipping line, conversion-yard scope unconfirmed); Venezuelan registry and Thor Corporation records for the post-1978 hull (fate unknown in all located sources).
- Verification
- unverified
- Role
- archival_lead
- Documentation level
- context_only
- Accessed
- 2026-10-02
- Study period
- 1945-1978 records
- Limitations
- Record-group and repository mapping only - no box-level retrieval performed; existence of asbestos-specific documents for this hull is unknown until surveyed. The USM Waterman papers attribution is a lead, not a verified holdings statement. Nothing in this row is an asbestos finding.
- Atlas source
- true
- Evidence ID
- ev-uss-daedalus-lst1143-09